2022年高考英语陷阱题总结归纳—动词用法与辨析.docx
精品_精品资料_高考英语陷阱题总结归纳 动词用法与辨析典型陷阱题分析1. If you want to sell your product you mustit.A. advertiseB. advertise forC. advertise onD. advertise to【陷阱】 简单误选 B,认为 advertise 的意思是 “做广告 ”,advertise for的意思 “为 做广告 ”.【分析】 事实上,正确答案为A.advertise可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为 “为 做广告 ”、“登广告宣扬 ”.用作不及物动词时,其意为“做广告 ”、“登广告 ”,此时通常后接介词for,表示 “做广告征求 ”.比较:advertise for sth(sb) 登广告征求或查找某物或某人(此时 advertise 不及物)advertise sth 为 登广告,登广告宣扬 (此时 advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣扬的东西作宾语)People advertise things that they wish to sell.人们为要卖的东西登广告.The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary.经抱负登广告聘请一位新秘书.再比较以下用例:advertise jobs 登广告招人advertise for jobs登广告求职2. No matter how much you ve learned and howa shtiagnhdard of education you have had, you mustthe people heart and soul.A. serveB. serve forC. serve to【陷阱】 简单误选 BD. serve on,即字对字的翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”,将其中的 “为”译为for.【分析】 答案选 A ,serve 意为 “为 服务 ”,可直接用作及物动词,其后不能按汉语意思误加介词 for. 请看以下类似例子:( 1) Iyou yesterday, but you weren t in.A. rangB. rang toC. rang withD. rang to可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_答案选 A , ring可以用作及物动词,表示“给 打电话 ”,故其后不用介词.( 2) Neither of her parents wanted her toher cousin.A. marryB. marry toC. marry withD. marry for答案选 A ,marry可用作及物或不及物动词,用作及物动词时它的意思“与 结婚 ”,而不仅仅是 “结婚 ”,也就是说,后接宾语时,无需用介词to, with等.( 3) How can Iyou, Mr. Green ?A. contactB. contact withC. contact toD. contact for答案选 A , contact 为及物动词,表示“与 联系 ”,其后不接介词.3. According to the rules, students must nottheir books during examinations.A. read B. watchC. notice D. look at【陷阱】 简单误选 A. 由于依据英语一般习惯:看书看报用动词read,看电视用动词watch , 看电影用动词see,看竞赛用动词 watch ,看黑板用动词 look at ,等等.【分析】 一般说来,汉语的 “看书 ”至少有两层意思,一是指阅读性的看书,即看书读书,此时通常用动词 read.另一种看书就不是指阅读性的看书,而只是大致的翻一翻或看一看,比如看看书的封面、 定价、 内容提要等, 或者回答疑题时看看书的某些章节或字句以及考试时偷看书本等等,此时通常都不宜用动词read,而应依据情形选用其他动词(如look at).又如:Let me have a look at the book.让我看看或翻翻这本书.Please answer my questions without looking at your books.请不看书回答我的问题.4. “ I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “ But does your motheryou to go? ”A. letB. agreeC. allowD. promise【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选.【分析】 正确答案为 C.不能选 A 是由于 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带to.不能选 B 是由于动词 agree 习惯上不用于agree sb to do sth 这一句式.不能选D 是由于在promise sb to do sth 这一句式中, to do sth 的规律主语是promise 的主语而不其是宾语,比可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如 He promised me to go的意思是 “他答应我,他去 ”,而不是 “他答应我让我去 ”.之所以能选 C,是由于 allow sb to do sth (答应某人做某事)与上文语境刚好吻合.5. If theyto make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them.A. disagreedB. refusedC. agreedD. hoped【陷阱】 简单误选 A ,依据 agree to do sth(同意做某事) ,想当然的类推出disagree to do sth(不同意或不情愿做某事).【分析】 事实上, 语言有很多问题是不能类推的,如上面这一例, 英语可说 agree to do sth,但习惯上却不说disagree to do sth.类似的,英语中可说like doing to do sth ,但在现代英语中习惯上说 dislike doing sth ,却不说 dislike to do sth. 其实上面一题的正确答案是B ,refuse to do sth 意为 “拒绝做某事 ”或“不愿做某事 ”.6. They own two cars, not toa motorbike.A. speakB. sayC. talkD. mention【陷阱】 很简单依据 “他们拥有两辆小汽车,更不用说一辆摩托车了”这一中文语境而挑选 B.【分析】 其实正确答案为 D.由于 not to say 和 not to mention均为习语, 但其含义区分甚大:not to mention 更不用说,此外仍有not to say虽不能说,即使不能说It is warm, not to say hot.天气虽说不上热,但也够暖了.He was impolite, not to say rude.他即使不是粗鲁,至少也是没有礼貌.There re ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children.我们有 10 个人情愿帮忙,仍不算小孩.They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the cat and the bird.他们有三只狗要照料, 更别提那只猫和鸟了.7. D“o your parents agree to your doing that ? ” “ Yes, of course. In fact, they always meto try something new.”A. hopeB. suggest可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C. supportD. encourage【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选.由于如仅从汉语意思来看,四个选项均可填入空格处.【分析】 其实此题的正解答案是D.由于在以上四个选项中,只有encourage 可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语,即可用于encourage sb to do sth,而其余三者均不行后接不定式的复合结构作宾语, 即英语中习惯上不说hope sb to do sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth.顺便说一句,以下英汉语表达也有类似差别,请留意:汉语说 “期望某人做某事 ”,但英语不说hope sb to do sth.汉语说 “同意某人做某事 ”,但英语不说agree sb to do sth.汉语说 “不同意某人做某事”,但英语不说 disagree sb to do sth.汉语说 “可怕某人做某事 ”,但英语不说fear sb to do sth. 汉语说 “拒绝某人做某事 ”,但英语不说refuse sb to do sth.汉语说 “惩处某人做某事 ”,但英语不说punish sb to do sth.汉语说 “建议某人做某事 ”,但英语不说suggest sb to do sth.汉语说 “建议某人做某事 ”,但英语不说propose sb to do sth.汉语说 “赞成某人做某事 ”,但英语不说approve sb to do sth.汉语说 “支配某人做某事 ”,但英语不说arrange sb to do sth.汉语说 “要求某人做某事 ”,但英语不说demand sb to do sth.汉语说 “感谢某人做某事 ”,但英语不说thank sb to do sth. 汉语说 “指导某人做某事 ”,但英语不说guide sb to do sth.汉语说 “庆贺某人做某事 ”,但英语不说congratulate sb to do sth.汉语说 “阻挡某人做某事 ”,但英语不说prevent sb to do sth.汉语说 “通知某人做某事 ”,但英语不说inform sb to do sth. 汉语说 “欢迎某人做某事 ”,但英语不说welcome sb to do sth.汉语说 “陪伴某人做某事 ”,但英语不说accompany sb to do sth.要表示以上汉语意思,英语需改用其他说法.如:advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth期望某人做某事arrnage for sb to do sth 支配某人做某事demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做了某事congratulate sb on doing sth庆贺某人做了某事prevent sb from doing sth阻挡某人做某事等等.8. Nowadays everyone hopes togood education so as to get a good job in the future.A. acceptB. accept aC. receiveD. receive a【陷阱】 简单误选 A 或 B.由于 accept 与 receive 的基本区分是前者表示 “接受 ”,后者表示“收到 ”,而汉语通常是说 “接受训练 ”,而不是说 “收到训练 ”,所以选 A 或 B,【分析】 其实上,此题的正确答案是 D ,由于英语中习惯说 receive a good education,而不说 accept a good education.另外, education 表示抽象意义的 “训练 ”时,不行数, 但表示 “一种训练 ”或“一段训练 ”时,可与不定冠词连用.9. Wearing dark glasses canyour eyes from the sun.A. careB. preventC. defendD. protect【陷阱】 简单误选 B.由于很多同学一看到题干中的from ,再联系到选项中的prevent, 便立刻想起了prevent from这个常用搭配.【分析】 在 prevent A from B这一句式中, A 和 B 通常具有主谓关系,如在The rain prevented us from going out(下雨使我们不能出去)中,“我们 ”与“出去 ”就具有主谓关系.而上面一题不具备此特点.此题正确答案应是D, protect from意为 “爱护 免受”.10. Mr. Smith was in great need of money, so he$2 000 for his car.A. paidB. tookC. costD. spent【陷阱】简单误选 A ,误选的依据是pay for这一搭配.【分析】 如单独说 He paid $2 000 for the car (他付了 2 000 美元买这车) 是完全可以的, 但问题是,本句前面有这样一句 He was in great need of money (他急需要钱),既然是 “急需要钱 ”,又怎么仍会花 2022 美元去买车了?特别仍需留意的是 car 前的物主代词 his,这说明是为自己的车花 2022 美元钱, 不合情理. 此题的正确答案是 B ,take 在此表示 “获得 ”、“得到 ”,句意为 “他急需要钱,把自己的车以 2022 美元给卖掉了 ”.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_11. There are many kinds, but I donknow whichtotbuy.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. to be chosenB. to choose fromC. to chooseD. for choosing【陷阱】 此题简单误选 C.【分析】其实应选 B.choose 表示 “挑选 ”,其实是指 “挑选出来 ”(pick out ),而不是指 “从挑选 ”,要表示后者的意思,要用choose from,有时也用 choose among.同样的,下面两例中的介词 from也不行省略:Here are some dictionaries for you choose from.这些词典可供你挑选.In fact, there are various colors to choose from.事实上,有各种各样的颜色可供挑选.比较:He chose a red one. 他选了一个红色的.He chose from some red ones. 他从一些红色的当中去选.He didn t know which to choose他. 不知道选哪个.He didn t know which to choose from他.不知道从哪个当中去选.请做以下试题(答案选D):( 1) “ We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you? ” “ Well, not yet.We have few, I d say.”A. chosenB. to chooseC. to be chosenD. to choose from( 2) “ I d like to buy an expensive camera.” “ Well, we have several models.”A. to pick upB. to pickC. to chooseD. to choose from12. Ihim not to go abroad, buthe wouldn t listen.A. persuadedB. tried to persuadeC. have persuadedD. was persuaded【陷阱】 简单误选 A.【分析】 正确答案为 B.persuade 的真正意思是 “说服 ”,而不是 “设法说服 ”,要表示后者的意思英语应用try to persuade (当然也可用其他词,如advise 等).类似的:( 1) kill的意思是 “杀死 ”,不表示 “设法杀死 ”,要表示后者的意思英语用try to kill.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_( 2) prevent 的意思是 “阻挡 ”,不表示 “设法阻挡 ”,要表示后者的意思英语用try to prevent.13. When she came several days later, she found that all things stillwhere she had them.A. lay; laidB. laid; laidC. lay; lainD. lying; lain【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选.【分析】 正确答案选 A. 第一空填 lay ,它是 lie (位于,在)的过去式lay.其次空 laid , 它是 lay (放,置)的过去分词,句意为“她发觉全部东西仍在她当时放它们的的方”.请留意 lie, lay的以下用法及词形变换:( 1) lay 有两个常见意思:一是表示“放 ”、“摆”(及物),二是表示 “下(蛋) ”(及物或不及物).如:Lay your coat on the bed.把你的外衣放在床上.Are your hens laying yet ? 你的母鸡下蛋了吗?Will you please lay the table for dinner? 请你摆好餐具预备吃饭好吗?(2) lie有三个主要意思:一是表示“躺”或“平放 ”,二是表示 “位于 ”,三是表示 “说谎 ”.用于以上三义时,均为不及物动词.如:Don t lie in bed all morning. 别一个上午都躺在床上.The book lay open on the desk.那本书摊开着放在桌上.Don t lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上.The small town lies among the mountains.小镇位于群山之中.I m sorry I lied to you.我很愧疚向你撒了谎.( 3) 这两个词常常被混淆的有时不是其意思,而是其词形.留意下表所示:请做下题(答案均为 B ):( 1) The hens50 eggs last week, but this week they aren t.A. lay, lyingB. laid, layingC. lay, layingD. lied, lying( 2) The girlon the groundto me that hadthe purse on the desk.A. lying, lay, laidB. lying, lied, laidC. lie, lied, layD. lay, lied, lain可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_14. Hea visit to the factory and was warmlyby the workers there.A. took, welcomeB. took, welcomedC. paid, welcomeD. paid, welcomed【陷阱】 简单误选 A 或 C.由于很多同学会仿照come came com的e 变化形式,想当然的认为 welcome 的变化形式是welcome welcame welcome.【分析】 此题第一空应填动词paid,由于 pay a visit to (拜望)是惯用搭配,其中的pay不能换成 take.其次空要填 welcomed ,由于 welcome 用作动词时, 其过去式和过去分词均为welcomed ,即它是规章动词.有的同学或许会问,我们不是常说You are welcome吗? 为什么其中的 welcome 未用 welcomed了?那是由于此处的welcome 为形容词,而不是动词.15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted.A. goodB. wellC. to be goodD. to be well【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选.【分析】 按英语语法,连系动词后通常接形容词作表语,而不接副词,据此可以排除选项 B 和 D. 但究竟是应选A 仍是 C 了?很多同学凭感觉认为taste to be good 好像很通顺, 于是选了 C.但是,错了,正确答案应是A. 缘由是用作连系动词的taste 后习惯上不接 to be. 如:这棵树上的苹果味道很好.正: The apples from this tree taste delicious.误: The apples from this tree taste to be delicious.类似的, feel, smell, sound等连系动词后习惯上也不接不定式to be.如: 你的想法听起来很好.正: Your idea sounds a good one.误: Your idea sounds to be a good one.玫瑰发出香气.正: Roses smell sweet.误: Roses smell to be sweet.比较: seem, appear, prove, turn out, continue 等连系动词后可以接不定式to be,也可省略to be.如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_She seems ( to be) a little tired.她好像有点累.He appears ( to be) quite young.他显得年轻.The examination turned out( to be) quite easy. 结果考试相当简单.The weather continued ( to be ) fine. 天气仍旧很好.注:用作连系动词的look后能否接 to be,各语法家看法不一:有的认为可接to be,有的认为不能接to be.为此,建议同学们以不接to be 为宜.精编陷阱题训练1. We re so busy that no one in the office canfor any other work.A. spareB. be sparedC. shareD. be shared2. He regards that bookone of the worst that he sread.A. to be, everB. to be, neverC. as, everD. as, never3. “ Did you get a jo?b” “ No, I , but it s no use.”A. expectedB. tried toC. managed toD. planned4. “ Do you know that Jack a postman for about six yea?rs ” “ Yes, I see.”A. has becomeB. has turnedC. has changedD. has been5. The thing thatis not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.A. mattersB. caresC. considersD. minds6. I don t want the green coat. It is rned balack colours that me very well.A. suitB. fitC. suitsD. fits7. “ Will another fifty be enoug?h ” “ Just twenty will .”A. workB. doC. suitD. fit可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8. Goodbye, Mr Carter my secretary willyou to the door.A. sendB. leadC. driveD. show9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it isearly.A. gotB. gainedC. seenD. caught10. We haven t enough books for everyone; some of you will have to.A. helpB. enjoyC. shareD. spare11. He asked her to marry him and shehim.A. answeredB. receivedC. acceptedD. agreed12. My worst fears werewhen I saw what the exam questions were.A. doneB. seenC. finishedD. realized13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it?A. workB. passC. agreeD. does14. What s the matter with the rad?io Why isn t it ?A. broadcastingB. workingC. doingD. sounding15. High unemploymentthe government billions of pounds in lost taxes.A. spendsB. takesC. usesD. costs16. It s hard to rescue drowning people because theyso much.A. sinkB. swimC. jumpD. struggle17. She went to the station to meet her husband, buthim in the crowd.A. passedB. recognizedC. missedD. lost可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_18. I missed what was happening because I wasn tvery closely.A. noticingB. runningC. watchingD. glancing19. If you lend me a pound, it willme having to go to the bank.A. saveB. shareC. serveD. help20. Don tyour breath trying to persuade them; they ll never listen.A. useB. wasteC. spendD. put21. He has spent little time on his lessons this term, so heto fail the exam.A. expectsB. hopesC. wishesD. requires22. He will neveranything if he doesn t work hard.A. hopeB. wishC. achieveD. succeed 答案解析 1. 选 B, spare 在表示 “腾出或省去(余外的人或物)”.2. 选 C, regard as 的意思 “把 当作 ”,其中的介词as 不能换成 to be.3. 选 B.I tried to为 I tried to get a job之省略.4. 选 D.由于 A 、B 、C 均为终止性动词, 均不能连用 for about six years这样的一段时间.5. 选 A.matter 在此的意思是 “要紧 ”、 “关系重大 ”.6. 选 A. 填空句为强调句, 强调主语 red and black colours ,故其后的谓语要用复数, 即排除 C 和 D. 另外, fit与 suit 区分是: fit表示 “适合 ”或 “合身 ”等(及物或不及物),主要是指尺寸、大小、外形等方面的适合,而suit 表示 “适合 ”,主要指款式或花色等方面的适合.7. 选 B.do在此表示 “够”、“足够 ”、“适合 ”、“行”、“可以 ”等义.又如:This will never do ; 这事永久不行以.I m hungry. Get me something to eat. Anything will do. 我饿了,给我弄点吃的东西,什么都行.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8. 选 D.show sb to the door 意为 “送某人到门口 ”.留意,其中的介词 to 不行省略,否就就成了 show sb the door(驱逐某人,下逐客令).另外,也不要按汉语意思选 A ,由于send 通常表示派人送,而不表示亲自送.9. 选 D , catch 在此表示 “发觉 ”,句中的 provided 用作连词,意为 “假如 ”.10. 选 C.既然书不够,不能每人一本,所以有些人只能 share(共享)了.11. 选 C.accept 意为 “同意 ”、 “接受 ”,留意不能选 D,由于 agree 后不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语.12. 选 D.realize在此的意思不是 “实现 ”,而是指 “使(担心、惧怕等)成为事实”.13. 选 A , work在此的意思是 “起作用 ”、“奏效 ”.14. 选 B.work在此的意思是 “运作 ”、 “运转 ”.15. 选 D.spend 和 cost 均可表示 “花费 ”,但句型不同: spend + 时间或金钱 + on sth(in doing sth ), cost + 某人或某机构+ 金钱或时间.16. 选 D. 由句意和常识推知.17. 选 C.miss 指“错过 ”.18. 选 C,由句子的语境可推知.19. 选 A , save 指“省去(劳力等) ”.20. 选 B.21. 选 A , expects 在此不是表示 “期望 ”,而是表示 “预料 ”.22. 选 C, achieve 意为 “完成 ”、“做到 ”.其余三项均不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载