专题18 状语从句-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（讲）（含答案解析）.docx

2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第18讲状语从句复习讲【核心素养分析】语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语语法基础知识。一、命题要求状语从句是高考的热点，对于状语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1 ,引导状语从句的连接词；2.状语从句 和定语从句、名词性从句的区别；3.状语从句的省略；4.状语从句好强调句型的混用。二、命题规律一、主要考查状语从句连接词的正确运用，其次是状语从句的省略。二、高考对状语从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际 综合运用能力。三、命题形式状语从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空、短文改错中，写作范文中也常有状语从句出现。【基础知识精讲】状语从句考点：考点一时间状语从句1. when, while, asWhen he knocked at the door, I was working at the table.他敲门时我正在桌子旁边工作。I want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的 生活。As speech develops, the child starts to string more words togethe匚随着语言能力不断发展，孩子开始把更多 的词连起来说。©When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿大街行走时，碰巧 遇到了我的一个老朋友。【典例】. 2021 1月浙江高考】he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance.【答案】When/While【解析】考查状语从句。当他站在小时候在里面长大的那个房子前面时，他看见一位女士站在门口。根据 句意此处填When/While。1 . 2021 天津滨海七校高三联考He flashed me a quick smile but rapidly swallowed it he saw myexpression.【变式】1. 2021 1月浙江高考I just didn't know what to say,I never thought seeing my mother would ever come【答案】because【解析】考查状语从句。我不知道说什么，因为我从来没想到见到母亲会成为现实。根据句意表原因，故 填 becauseo2.12020全国符课标I】the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.【答案】Because【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。句意：因为月球的本身阻挡了与探测器的直接无线电通信，中国首先必 须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。根据句意 可知，此处为因果关系，故填Because。考点总结引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because, as, since（既然）,now that, seeing that, considering that（考虑 至U）。考点六方式状语从句©The house was greatly damaged by the truck.We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.建筑业不再像以往那样萧条了。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。考点总结引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或 as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况与事实相符或很可能实现，也可用陈述语 气。考点七结果状语从句He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.=He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.=He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。考点总结1 .引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so.that., such.that.0在非正式语体中，由sothat., such.that. 引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：飞o+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数< 形式+ that从句so+many/much/few/little 少 + 名词 +that从句飞uch + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数形式+ that从句I such +形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+ that从句such + a lot of/lots of + 名词 +that从句2 .当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/suchas to。考点八目的状语从句When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/Iest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。（典例 2020江苏卷】23. They decide to have more workers for the project it won't be delayed.A. even ifB. as ifC. now thatD. so that【答案】D【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免耽搁。A.evenif即使；B.asif好像；C.nowthat既然；D.sothat为了。空后it won't be delayed是前面采取措施的目的，应使用so that引导目的 状语从句。故选D。1. （2020天津市第七中学高三月考）The writer always carries a notebook along with him,he is seized bysudden inspiration.A. even though B. the moment C. in caseD. now that【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。句意：这个作家经常随身携带一个笔记本，以防他有突发的灵感。A. even though 虽然;B. the moment -就；C.in case以防万一；D. now that既然。根据句意，"以防万一"符合语意。故选C项。3.12018天津】4. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend they get sweet enough to be eaten.A. ever sinceB. as ifC. even thoughD. so that【答案】D【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起 来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C.even though尽管；D. so that以便。从句为目 的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。考点总结引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that)/lest 等。1. in order that, so that两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。2. for fear that, in case (that)/lest引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生“；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种 情况、特殊句式考点：考点一强调Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized. 巴赫于1950年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。考点总结如果原句中含有“not.until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。 考点二倒装部分倒装Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才开始鼓励农村地区与旅游有关的活动的发展。Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.直到他经历真正的困难时，他才意识到我们对家人的爱是重要的。考点总结状语从句，且放在句首时句子使用部分倒装。3. 部分倒装的特殊句式So tired was I after a whole day's heavy work that I could hardly stand on my feet.在一天的繁重工作之后我是如此累，以至于几乎站不住了。Faced with the great danger of drowning as he was, the young man jumped into the river to save the struggling boy without hesitation.尽管面临溺水的巨大危险，这个年轻人还是毫不犹豫地跳下河去营救在水中挣扎的男孩。It is said that no sooner had the game started than it began to rain.据说比赛刚一开始就开始下雨了。考点总结1. 在sothat和suchthat句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时,主句中需要部分倒装。2. as/though引导让步状语从句时，将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或 动词原形+ as/though +主语+其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)3. hardly.when.； no sooner.than.； scarcelywhen”刚朋t”, hardly/scarcely/no sooner 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。考点三省略从句的省略©Although small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大约1 000个客户。If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did.如果这样的话，你没必要买任何东西。但是如果你买了，你就太好了。(3)一Do you think the fine weather will keep up?一I don't think so.你认为，这样的好天气会持续下去吗？我不这样认为。考点总结1 .当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it,且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主 语和be动词。2 . so或not代替上文内容，此时可用“if+so/not”省略句式；其他类似结构还有if ever, if any, if anything 等。【考点精析】考点1:连词与语法填空并列句和状语从句中的连词是语法填空题中常考点之一。连词分为并列连词和从属连词，常考的并列 连词有 and, but, or, so, while, when 等； 常考的从属连词有 if, although/though, once, unless, when, where, since, before, after, because, as 等。【典例】在空白处填入适当的连接词1 .【2020全国新课标 III】65 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary（传奇的）artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.【答案】When/As【解析】考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着 河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当时候：且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while 引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。2 . 2020 届山东潍坊一中新高考考前模拟（）1 One day, I didn't realize that he was still sitting on my shoulder39. the door behind me shut loudly.【答案】until【解析】考查连词。句意：有一天，我不知道他还坐在我的肩膀上，直到门在我身后大声关上。not.until/till 直到才，为固定搭配，引导时间状语从句，故填until。【变式】2020 届河北省石家庄市第二中学高三 6 月模拟】46. the resources of our earth are limited, we need to recycle more and avoid waste. This program is setting an example.【答案】As/Because/Since【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：因为我们的土地资源很有限。分析句子可知，前后句存在因果关系， 要用一个表示“因为"的连接词，as、because> since都可以表达这种意思。故填As/Because/Since。应对策略1若设空处在两个或两个以上单词或短语之间或两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间，并且中间没有连词、 分号或句号，则一定是填并列连词或从属连词。考点2连词与短文改错短文改错中对于连词的考查主要涉及连词使用不当，缺少连词以及多余连词（although不能与but连用， because不能与so连用）等情况。【典例】1. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners* curiosity before he reaches the end of the story.【答案】before -until【解析】句意：一个好的讲故事的人必须能抓住听众的好奇心，直到他讲完这个故事为止。主句的谓 语动词为延续性动词，且主句为肯定句，应用until,意为“直到为止”。2. As young men, we should learn to stand up when we fall in our life.【答案】when >where【解析】句意：作为年轻人，在生活中我们应该学会从我们跌倒的地方站起来。此处用where引导地点状语从句。3. I don't mind where I live unless there is my favorite job.【答案】unless一if【解析】句意：如果有我喜欢的工作，我不介意在哪儿生活。if引导条件状语从句。unless = if . noto【变式】1. Clever although he is, he doesn't study well.【答案】although >as/though【解析】本句中有一个让步状语从句，句型应该是“名词/副词/动词/形容词/过去分词+ as/though +主 语+be+其他成分。”2. I felt that it would be a victory for us even we lost the game.【答案】even后加if/though【解析】句意：我认为即使我们比赛输了，对于我们来说也是一个胜利。根据语意，添加if或者thougho应对策略2对于连词的考查，注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连词，再根据不同的 句式结构，判断连词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系，判定是并列句、主语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，根据连词在 句中作何成分，判断正误；(2)注意but转折、and并列、or或者(选择)、so因止匕(结果)等逻辑关系词之间的混用；(3)注意 although/though/while 不与 but 连用；since/as/because 不与 so 连用；(4)注意but与and, and与or, or与so, after与before等连词的用法区别。考点3书面表达中并列句与状语从句易错点聚焦(一)在书面表达中往往缺乏并列句意识，主要存在以下两个方面的倾向：1.机械排列简单句I believe I am fit for it.Fm writing to apply for the position.如果我们把意义相关的这两个句子用适当的连词连接起来，可得到下面的句子：1 believe 1 am fit for it, so Im writing to apply for the position.比较一下，同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢？并列连词的应用可增强句子之间的逻辑性和美感， 使句子之间显得更加紧凑。2 .逗号连接两个简单句I'm enthusiastic and easy-going, I'm easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others.在该句中含有两个简单句，中间用逗号起了连接作用，显然这是不符合英语语法规则的。我们不妨做 如下改动：I'm enthusiastic and easy-going, so I'm easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others.（二）对于状语从句，在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：1 .从句意识缺乏The Expo is very attractive. We are all eager to pay a visit to it.The Expo is so attractive that we are all eager to pay a visit to it.通过比较不难发现，后句比前句更加紧凑且逻辑性强，增强了交际效果。2 .状语从句成分残缺（误）Please close the doors and windows before leave the classroom.（±E）Please close the doors and windows before you leave the classroom.由于受汉语的干扰，第一句中状语从句中漏掉了主语。3 .连接词误用（误）Teachers and parents should respect us no matter we are in or outside school.（iE）Teachers and parents should respect us whether we are in or outside school.尽管两句从汉语角度来看意思相同，但是从语法角度no matter一般后跟特殊疑问词，而whether可直 接引导状语从句。（误）Though he is considered a great writer, but his works are not widely read.（iE）Though he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read.在让步状语从句中，though和although不能与but连用。【答案】when【解析】考查时间状语从句。他对我很快地笑了一下，但当看到我的表情时，他马上就忍住了。根据句意 表示“当时”,引导时间状语从句,故填when。【变式】Over time,the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.【答案】as/when【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点， 这里是时间状语从句，when意为”当的时候”，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as/when。1. （2020江方;省高三模） Why do many students stick to private tutoring they could easily master suchknowledge at school?A. unlessB. beforeC. afterD. when【答案】D【解析】 考查时间状语从句。A. unless除非；B. before在之前;C.after在之后;D. when当时候。句意：为什么许多学生可以在学校轻松掌握这些知识，却坚持私人辅导呢？根据句意可知，这是个 时间状语从句，用when引导。故选D。2. （2020江苏省高三开学考试）一Hi, darling, what's the matter?Well, I wasn't feeling well this morning and I was having breakfast a wave of nausea （ 恶心）me. And then I passed out.A. before; came overB. when; came overC. before; pulled overD. when; pulled over【答案】B【解析】考查连词和动词短语辨析。句意：嗨，亲爱的，怎么了？ 今天早上我心情不好，我正在吃早饭的时候突然开始觉得一阵恶心，然后就晕过去了。A. before; came over在之前，开始觉得;B. when;came over当，开始觉得；C. before; pulled over在之前，靠边停车；D. when; pulled over当，靠边停车。分析句子可知，第一空考查固定句型was/were doing sth.when"正在做某事突然”；第二空考查固定短语come over作为“开始觉得”的意思。故选B项。考点总结1. when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。2 .从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。3 .从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译为“一边，（一边广或“随 着4 .如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作, 此时when, while与as可互换使用。2. when的特殊用法Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.周五，我们正在收拾行李准备外出度周末，这时我的女儿听到了求救的呼喊。He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。【典例】（2020 黑龙江双鸭山市双鸭山一中高三开学考试）He was having a bath the telephone suddenlyrang.【答案】when【解析】考查连词。句意：他正在洗澡，这时电话突然响了。when表示正在这时突然，常与过去进行时、 过去完成时连用，放在句中。故填when。1. （2020全国）The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost I was spotted by a ship.【答案】when【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：第二天早上当我几乎要放弃的时候突然我被一艘船发现了。分析句子 结构可知，had done sth. when是固定句型，表示“刚做完某事这时突然"。此处需用when引导时间状语从 句,表示这时（突然）之意。故填when。【变式】We were driving in the right lane all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in frontof us.【答案】when【解析】考查连词。句意：我们正在右车道开车，突然，一辆黑色的车从我们前面的停车位里跳出来。此 处是"be doing sth when.”结构,表示“正在做这时。故填when。考点总结when意为“正在这时"，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有： “be about to do.when.< be doing.when.be on the point of doing.when.<had just done.when.1. when还可表原因，意为“既然”。2. 表示“刚就，一就.”的常用表达The moment I heard the voice, I knew Father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。My mom didn't wait a moment, but came immediately she received my call.我妈妈未等片刻，而是一接到我的电话就赶来了。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.=No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。3. had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once = Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。【典例】had she begun she heard someone running up the stairs.【答案】(l)Hardly (2)when【解析】考查固定句式。句意：她刚一开始就听见有人跑上楼来。hardly.when.表示''刚就，陈 述的是过去的事情，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。另外，当把hardly置于句首时，主句要采用 部分倒装，故填(1) Hardly (2)when。考点总结1. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely. .when. 0 once(一就)上述从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一.就.2. no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when.的时态搭酉己：no sooner 与 hardly/scarcely 后的句子i胃语动 词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和 hardly/scarcely提到句首时，主句应用倒装语序。4. before 与 sinceWe need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.在能够解决这个问题之前,我们需要找到它的 根源所在。If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了 这次机会的话,那可能要等 到多年之后你才能再次获得机会。As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有 100 年了。【典例】2021 天津市部分区高三上学期期末If you don't grasp this chance, it may be years you get anotherone.【答案】before【解析】考查状语从句。如果你不抓住这个机会，你可能需要很多年（之后）才能得到另一个机会。此处 指的是：在你得到另一个机会之前需要很多年，before在此语境下可翻译为“过（之后）才”，故填before。1. 2021 吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量检测It was a natural step to turn his skills into an opportunity to make all kinds of toys for his young grandson, and it was not long his son and daughter-in-law decided to videoWang's efforts.【答案】before【解析】考查从属连词。不久之后，他的儿子和儿媳决定用视频记录王所付出的努力。此处是句型It was not long before.“没过多久”，before引导时间状语从句。故填before。考点总结1. before表示“还未就；不到就；才；趁；还没来得及就；在之前”。2. It will be4段时间+before“多久之后才3. It won't be long before."不久之后就4. It wasH*段时间+ before“过了多久才5. It is + 一段时间+ since”自从多久了5 .表示“每次；下一次.”的常用表达You don't have to go running upstairs every time she rings.用不着她一来电话你就往楼上跑。Next time you go shopping, buy a few extra fruits and vegetables.下次你去买东西，多买点水果蔬菜。The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.我们上次搬家时几乎没有什么物品破损。考点总结every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当每次；下次.”等。6 . till, until 和 not.until©Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for half an hour.直到这个学生做这道数学题用了半个小时的时间，我才会告诉他答案。【典例】1