2020-2021学年上海市徐汇区高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）(1).docx

2020-2021学年上海市徐汇区高一上学期期末考试英语试卷I. Listening Comprehension (25') Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper; and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He would rather have Chinese food.B. He has always liked Chinese food.C. He is used to eating Chinese food.D. He ate Chinese food in the past.2. A. In New York.B. In Boston. C. In Michigan.D. In Washington.3. A. Her sister's.B. Her father. C. Her mother's.D. Her brother's.4. A. He told the kids to leave.B. He seriously wanted (he woman to go.C. He was joking when he told the woman to leave.D. He left with the woman.5. A. Taking the summer classes.B. Finding a summer job.C. Waiting until later to decide.D. Working and studying.6. A. She is annoyed.B. She is apologetic.C. She is understanding.D. She is bored.7. A. He thought it was a very unrealistic movie.8. He was impressed with the movie.9. He agreed with the woman about the movie.10. He liked the movie because it was a fairy tale.8. A. He's sorry he gave the woman the wrong directions.B. His friend works in the dean's office.C. He can't give the woman directions.D. He's also looking fbr the dean's office.9. A. She is glad Joan is moving.B. She does not believe that Joan will move.C. She saw Joan move.D. She believes Joan is moving because she saw her.10. A. Thursdays and Fridays.B. Tuesdays and Fridays.C. Tuesdays and Thursdays.D. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays.Sciences, point to basic differences between adolescents and adults and offer new 35 of how to communicate about risk to teenagers and pre-teens.“Our findings show that teenagers enter unsafe situations not because they are 36 to dangerous or risky situations, but, rather, because they aren't informed enough of the possibility of the consequences of their actions,explained Agnieszka Tymula, one of the study' co-authors. “Once they truly 37 a risky situation, they are, if anything, even more unwilling to take risks than adults. The study also offers new possibilities for 38 with this age group-providing adolescents with statistics highlighting the risks of dangerous behaviors or training that allows them to learn about risks in a safe way, which may be effective in 39 them”“What we found was that when risks were clearly stated, adolescents 40 them atleast as much as, and sometimes more than, adults,“ added I fat Levy, one of the study's co-authors at the Yale School of Medicine. Adolescents were, however, much more 4j forambiguity.42, this makes a lot of sense: young organisms need to be open to the43 in order to gain information about their world.”Studies have previously established that adolescents are more 44 than are theirolder and younger peers to engage in behaviors that, on rare occasions, lead to terrible consequences. “It is not that adolescents actually choose to engage in risks, but, rather, they arc willing to gamble （赌博）when they 45 complete knowledge,v the researchers wrote.31. A. differ fromB. run afterC. agree withD. dividefrom32. A. familyB. ageC. studyD. work33. A. as a resultB. in conclusionC. for exampleD. bycontrast34. A. add toB. lead toC. contribute toD.originate from35. A. storyB. studyC. understandingD. news36. A. drawnB. pushedC. broughtD. taken37. A. defineB. understandC. createD. destroy38. A. startingB. identifyingC. communicatingD. agreeing39. A. frighteningB. limitingC. encouragingD.punishing40. A. triedB.abandonedC. fixedD. avoided41. A. tolerantB. enthusiasticC. concernedD. eager42. A. MateriallyB. PsychologicallyC. BiologicallyD.Geologically43. A. newB. excitingC. specificD.unknown44. A. likely45. A. need46. A. likely47. A. need48. A. likely49. A. needB. cheerfulB. lackC. reluctantC. gainD. ableD. apply【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D40. D 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. A【解析】35. C45. B36. A 37. B38. C 39. B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项研究说明并不是青少年实际上选择冒险，而 是他们在缺乏完全知识的情况下愿意冒险。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们的发现说明，青少年对不确定事物的品味似乎与年长的人不 同。A. differ from 与不同；B. run after 追赶；C. agree with 同意；D. divide from 把分开。根据下文 "When faced with situations that have highly uncertain outcomes, most 2 groups react with dislike; adolescents, 3. often find these uncertain situationsquite tolerable.”可知青少年和年长的人的品味不同，应选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当面对结果极不确定的情况时，大多数年龄组的人会表现出厌恶; 相比之下，青少年往往觉得这些不确定的情况是可以忍受的。A. family家庭；B. age年龄： C study学校；D. work工作。根据上文的青少年对不确定事物的品味似乎与年长的人不同， 可知是其他年龄组的人，应选B。【33题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：同上。A. as a result结果；B. in conclusion总结；C. for example 举例；D.byconirast比照。解释同上，是青少年和其他年龄组比照得出的结果，应选D。 【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：而不是像通常认为的那样有风险的嗜好，青少年的危险行为源于 他们对模棱两可的事物的舒适。A. add to增加；B. lead to导致;C. con【ribute to促成；D. originate from源于。根据上文 often find these uncertain situations quite tolerableM 可知对模棱两可的 事易于接受，应选D.【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些研究结果发表在美国国家科学院院刊(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)杂志.上，指出了青少年和成人之间的基本差异，并为如何就青 少年和学龄前儿童面临的风险进行沟通提供了新的理解。A. story故事；B. study学习；C. understanding理解；D. news消息。因为研究结果，所以应该是提供新的理解，应选C。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们的研究结果说明，青少年进入不平安的环境，不是因为他 们被危险或有风险的环境所吸引，而是因为他们没有充分了解自己的行为可能产生的后果，”该研究的合著者之一Agnieszka Tymula解释说。A. drawn吸引；B. pushed推进;C. brought 带来；D. taken 拿，取。根据下文 “but, ralher, because Ihey aren't infbrmed enough of the possibility of the consequences of their actions M 可知前后关系是“不是而是"，那也就是造成这种结果不是因为他们被危险或有风险的环境所吸引，应选Ao【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦他们真正了解了危险的情况，他们甚至比成年人更不愿意冒 险。A. define 定义；B. understand解；C. create 创造；D. destroy 破坏。根据下文 uthey are, if anything, even more unwilling to take risks than adults说明他们旦了解危险，他们也不愿 意去冒险，应选B。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究还为与这一年龄段的青少年沟通提供了新的可能性一一 为青少年提供强调危险行为风险的统计数据，或训练他们以平安的方式了解风险，这可能会 有效地限制他们。" A. starting 开始;B. identifying 识另!J； C. communicating 沟通;D. agreeing 同意。根据上文“The study also offers new possibilities可知是为青少年的沟通提供了新的 可能性，应选C。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:同上。A. frightening害怕；B. limiting限制;C. encouraging鼓励； D. punishing惩罚。根据前文说为青少年提供强调危险行为风险的统计数据，或让他们以安 全的方式了解风险的培训，可知这样做能限制青少年的冒险行为，应选B。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：耶鲁大学医学院的Ifat Levy是这项研究的共同作者之一，他补 充说：“我们发现，当风险被清楚地陈述后，青少年至少和成年人一样，有时甚至比成年人 还要回避这些风险。" A. tried尝试；B. abandoned放弃;C. fixed固定；D. avoided防止。根 据上文 “What we found was that when risks were clearly statedM 可知是清楚地解风险才能 防止，应选D。41题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：然而，青少年对模棱两可的事情更能容忍。A. tolerant忍受 的；B. enlhusiaslic热情的；C. concerned关心的；D. eager渴望的。根据前文说青少年对模 棱两可的事情可以忍受，应选A。【42题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：从生物学上讲，这很有道理:年轻的生物体需要对未知开放，以 便获得关于它们的世界的信息。" A. Materially物质上地；B. Psychologically心理上地;C. Biologically生物上地;D. Geologically地质上地。根据下文"young organisms ”可知是生物 学上，应选C。【43题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.new新的;B.exciting激动的;C.specific具体的; D. unknown 未知的。根据下文 “in order to gain information about their world"所以应该是喜 欢探索未知的东西，应选D。【44题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：此前的研究已经证实，青少年比他们的年龄更大或更年轻的 同龄人更有可能做出在极少数情况下会导致可怕后果的行为。A. likely可能的；B. cheerful 欢乐的；C.reluclant不情愿的；D. able能够的。根据前文可知道的研究结果是青少年比他们 的年龄更大或更年轻的同龄人更有可能做出冒险行为，应选Ao【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员写道：“这并不是说青少年实际上选择冒险，而是他们 在缺乏完全知识的情况下愿意冒险。" A. need需要；B. lack缺少；C. gain获得；D. apply 应用。 根据上文 “"It is not that adolescents actually choose to engage in risks, but, rather, they arc willing io gw汕/e (赌博)”可知是他们缺少知识的情况下更愿意去冒险。应选B。Section B (22')Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AA twenty-three-year-old Dutch student has enjoyed a short but unexpected holiday in Dubai. Mr Frank Vreede, a business student, had taken a part-time job at Schiphol Airport to help pay for his studies. He worked as a baggage handler and was responsible for loading the suitcases into the hold of passenger planes.Last Friday night, after an exhausting day in the university library preparing for his final exams, Frank was loading a plane at (he airport. He was waiting fbr (he next baggage truck to arrive and he felt tired. He decided to have a quick rest, so he sat down in the hold of the plane and shut his eyes-just for a moment.However, while he was sleeping, the plane took off. An hour later, Frank woke up and was frightened lo discover that the plane was in the air. There was a terrible noise from the engines, and he tried not to be afraid. Frank knew the flight would be long because it was an airline from the Middle East. He also knew he could not survive the freezing tenwerature. It was an impossible situation.He decided to make as much noise as possible. He banged on the ceiling of the baggage hold and shouted at the top of his voice. Luckily, a passenger heard the noise and told the pilot. Once the captain understood what was happening, he ordered hot air to be pumped into the hold.When the plane arrived at Dubai International Airport, doctors examined him but he was unhurt. The managing director of one of Dubai's top hotels offered him a free room for the weekend.Frank explained that he was very lucky because it is possible to die of cold in the hold of an aircraft. He apologized to his boss for sleeping at work instead of working, and promised it would not happen again. "During the flight I was petrified. I thought I was going to die! said Mr Vreede. “I wouldn't want to do it again. Next time, I'll catch a regular flight!Which of the following statements is the explanation of “h was an imDossible situation” (in paragraph 3)?A. The long flight might not end as scheduled.B. It was too cold to survive in the hold of the plane.C. Frank was too tired to let others know what happened.D. The noise would keep Frank awake during the journey.46. What happened to Frank when he arrived at Dubai?A. He was found seriously hurt.B. He was sent back home immediately.C. He stayed in a hotel for the weekend.D. He apologized to his manager for his mistake.47. The word “petrified” (in paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to.A. shockedB. boredC. worriedD. terrifiedWhich of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. A Free Flight to DubaiA Short but Pleasant Journey to DubaiA Successful FlightD A Smart but Unlucky Baggage Handler【答案】46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是商学院学生弗兰克弗里德在迪拜度过了一个短 暂而意外的假期。【46题详解】词句猜想题。根据第三段 “He also knew he could not survive the freezing temperature.(他 也知道自己无法在严寒中生存。)”可知，划线句的意思是机舱里太冷了，无法生存。应选 B。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 “The managing director of one of Dubai's top hotels offered him a free room for the weekend.(迪拜一家顶级酒店的总经理给他提供了一个周末的免费房 间。）”可知，弗兰克到达迪拜后他在一家旅馆过周末。应选C。【48题详解】词句猜想题。根据最后一段的“I thought Iwas going to die!（我以为我要死了以”可知，当 觉得自己快死了的时候人应该会觉得害怕，因此划线词petrified的意思是“害怕的”，即 terrified.应选 D。【49题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的 “ A twenty-three-year-old Dutch student has enjoyed a shorl but unexpected holiday in Dubai.（名23岁的荷兰学生在迪拜度过了一个短暂而意外的 假期。）”根据第二段 “He was waiting for the next baggage truck to arrive and he felt tired. He decided to have a quick rest, so he sat down in the hold of the plane and shut his eyes-just for a moment."（他在等卜.一辆行李运输车，感到很累。他决定快速休息一下，于是他在机舱里 坐下来，闭上眼睛 就一会儿。）根据第三段u However, while he was sleeping, the plane took off. An hour later, Frank woke up and was frightened to discover that the plane was in the air. ”（然而，就在他睡着的时候，飞机起飞了。 个小时后，弗兰克醒了过来，惊恐地发现飞机 正在空中飞行）可知，本文主要讲的是一名工作在机场的23岁的荷兰学生因为困倦而误乘 坐在行李舱去了迪拜。了因此本文最好的题目是A选 项“A Free Flight to Dubai （飞往迪拜 的免费航班）"，应选A。BClimate change is caused by the extremely high levels of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide. We all know the effects could be disastrous, but are we aware of the possible solutions?Solution one:Though it sounds crazy, a group of researchers from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, which would let a lot of chemicals, such as sulphur dioxide （SO2）, go into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, （here is good science behind （he idea. The chemicals would form a protective layer around the earth that would reflect sunlight and so cool the earth, much like （he effects of a volcanic eruption.Cost: around $10 billion a yearBenefits: This plan would produce almost instant results.Risks: Volcanoes have almost destroy human in the past through the chemicals released in the atmosphere, and the same thing could happen again with this plan.Solution two: stir up （搅动）the oceansIntellectual Ventures, which is a company, has planned to build a million plastic tubes, each about 100 meters long, and use them to stir up the ocean. Why, you might be wondering, would we want to do this? Again, the answer is scientifically effective. The bottom of the ocean is almost freezing and by stirring it up. cold water would come to the surface and absorb （吸物 heat and CO2, and so cool the planet.Cost: tens of millions of dollarsBenefits: This plan is relatively cheap and technically possible new.Risks: The tubes would possibly destroy sea life, and the plan may not work.Solution three: stop burning fossil fuelsThis is undoubtedly the best solution but is it really likely to happen in the near future?Cost: unknownBenefits: It's a simple and effective plan.Risks: It may already be too late. Without real action, this plan could just mean “do nothing”. 50. Solution one is most likely to.A. pump even more chemicals into the atmosphereform a protective layer with volcanic eruptionsblow up a balloon to get rid of poisonous chemicalsdraw as much sunlight as possible51. What can be learned about solution two?A. It needs more valid scientific experiment.B. It aims to cool the warm surface water in the ocean.C. It may do harm to animals and plants living in the seaIt is much more expensive to carry out than solution one.52. What does the writer think of solution three?A. It is effective because it will benefit world economy.B. Whether it will come true remains to be seen.C. Putting it into practice may cost nothing.D. Action has been taken to carry it out.【答案】50. A51. C 52. B【解析】【分析】本文为篇说明文，介绍了rh于大气排放有害化学物质引起的气候改变现象的三种 解决方案。【50题详解】推理判断题。根据文章 Solution one 中关键句 “Though it sounds crazy, a group of researchers from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, which would let a lot of chemicals, such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), go into the atmosphere.M (尽管这听 起来很疯狂，但英国大学的一组研究人员正在计划建造一条12英里长的管道，由一个巨大 的气球支撑，这将使大量的化学物质，如二氧化硫进入大气。)可知，方案一更有可能向大 气中排放更多的化学物质。应选A项。51题详解】细节理解题。根据文章 Solution two: stir up the oceans 中关键信息 uRisks: The tubes would possibly destroy sea life, and the plan may not work.”（风险：这些管道可能会破坏海洋生物， 这个计划可能行不通。）可知，方案二可能会对生活在海洋中的动物和植物造成伤害。应选 C项。52题详解】推理判断题。根据文章 Solution three: stop burning fossil fuels 中关键