讲与练16 词句猜测题攻略(含答案解析)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版).docx

2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）16词句猜想题攻略【高频考点回顾】【题型解读】1 .命题要求：主要是考查考生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句意的能力，考查熟词生义或代词的指代含义, 突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。2 .设题角度：可以针对单词、短语的意思进行考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行 设题。3 .解题思路：根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境 主观臆断。4 .解题方法：学会“顺藤摸瓜”和"上下取证: 利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上 下文语境等方法来猜出单词、短语或句子的意思。【正确选项特征】.本意延伸。其真实的含义与其字面意思无关，在原意的基础上进行延伸或者拓展;1 .逻辑通顺。在内容上，与词或短语所在的句子、段落有关，符合上下文逻辑；.接近原意。会采取另一种用词或表达方式，而且与原句意思最接近。【干扰选项特征】.构词法干扰，指片面地从构词法的角度猜想、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；1 .上下文错误信息干扰，指依据错误的上下文信息而对单词、短语或句子作出的错误猜想;.代词错误指代干扰，指对代词的具体指代理解错误而造成的错误猜想词义。【解题技巧】技巧1词义（词组）猜想题：“一定、二找、三推测”清扫读文章确定题干中的关键信息定位到原文信息句，找出画线词二找二找三推测（组）所在，并找出关键词 1比对选项，综合分析，推测词义,、进而得出答案【真题例如】（2021 全国乙卷B.节选）When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for aPaying compliments to childrenB. You'll get it the next timeLet's find out how you made it.12. What should be avoided according to the study?A. Overstressing the intelligence.B. Pay compliment to children.C. Addressing children's mistakes.D. Offering chances to find mistakes.【答案】ADDA【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过实验结果说明在孩子的成长过程中，不应该过度地强调智力的重要 性。9 .词义猜想题。根据第一段"Nothing succeeds like success, as every parent of a straight-A student knows, but trying to stress academic excellence by telling your child, "You're so smart!”（没有什么 比成功更成功的 了，每一 个全优生的父母都知道，但试图通过告诉孩子“你太聪明了 ！”来强调学业上的优秀，可能会 counterproductiveo广可知每个全优生的父母都知道成功的意义，结合but表示转折，所以试图通过告诉孩子 “你很聪明”来到达让孩子学业优秀的目的，可能会得到相反的结果，由此可推知counterproductive指的是“相 反的”意思。应选A项。10 .细节理解题。根据第二段“The larger the brain response was, the more the child focused on the mistake. Based on the data, they concluded that children with a “growth mindset“ were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.（大脑的反响越大，孩子对错误的关注就越大。基于这些数据，他们得出结 论，具有“成长型思维模式”的儿童在犯错后更有可能有更大的大脑反响。）”可知，“成长心态”儿童在研究中 更关注的是错误。应选D项。11 .推理判断题。根据最后一段"Instead, it's better to reassure your children that mistakes happen, and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.（相反，最好是让你的孩子知道错误发生了，并找出他们在哪 里犯了错误，是如何犯的可知，当孩子犯了错误时，父母应该说“让我们看看你是怎么出错的。”应选D 项。12 .推理判断题。根据第一段"According to a 2017 study, children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.”可知，据2017年的一项研究，认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比认为智力可以成长和改变的孩子更 不可能关注错误并从错误中恢复过来。由此推知，我们应该防止过度强调智力。应选A项。4Yoga originated in ancient India some 5,000 years ago. It has since spread across the world to many cultures. In the last few years, yoga has been offering classes aiming at the hearing impaired（听障者）.Most yoga classes are based on a model in which students learn by listening to their teacher's statements. As many yoga positions limit the ability to see the teacher, hearing-impaired participants who rely on lipreading （唇读） or sign language are left on their own during a class.Recognizing the hearing -impaired are eager to attend yoga classes, one British yoga studio determined to fill the lack. Bethaney Mouzer, a yoga instructor launched Sign Yoga in 2019, with the goal of bringing yoga to people for whom the practice may have previously been forbidden.Mouzer, who was born to non-hearing parents, is used to existing two worlds. After becoming a yoga teacher in 2015, she fielded requests from many people who were interested in yoga, but struggled to find teachers to accommodate their needs.At first Mouzer started out small, holding single-day workshops at local studios in Birmingham and Worcester, where she signed continuously throughout the classes. The sessions were an immediate hit, and Mouzer began posting classes online via a Facebook page called Sign Yoga. Finally, once there was enough demand, Mouzer also started teaching in London.Today, Sign Yoga is a mostly online company, with live Zoom classes and pre - recorded lessons accessible to students, as well as occasional in-person classes held in local parks. Mouzer ran a Deaf Accessible Yoga Teacher Training workshop in May.13. How are most yoga classes carried out?A. By following teachers* instructions.B. By adjusting yoga positions frequently.C. By encouraging students to participate.D. By ignoring the needs of disabled learners.14. Why did Bethaney Mouzer create Sign Yoga?A. To satisfy the needs of sign language.B. To make a fortune by teaching Yoga.C. To compensate for her suffering while learning Yoga.D. To make Yoga accessible to the hearing-impaired.15. What does the underlined word "fielded“ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Refused.B. Answered.C. Presented.D. Repeated.16. Which word can best describe Mouzer according to the last two paragraphs?1 . Kind.B. Romantic.C. Grateful.D. Good-tempered.【答案】ADBA【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍一种针对听障人士的瑜伽悄然流行。13 .细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Most yoga classes are based on a model in which students learn by listening to their teacher's statements. As many yoga positions limit the ability to see the teacher, hearing-impaired participants who rely on lipreading （唇读）or sign language are left on their own during a class.（大多数瑜伽课程都是基于这 样一种模式，即学生通过倾听老师的陈述来学习。由于许多瑜伽姿势限制了人们看到老师的能力，那些依 赖唇读或手语的听力受损的参与者只能在课堂上自己练习。）”可知，大多数瑜伽课是通过听老师的指导来 学习。应选A。14 .细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Recognizing the hearing -impaired are eager to attend yoga classes, one British yoga studio determined to fill the lack. Bethaney Mouzer, a yoga instructor launched Sign Yoga in 2019, with the goal of bringing yoga to people for whom the practice may have previously been forbidden.（英国家瑜彳加工作室 认识到听力受损的人都渴望参加瑜伽课程，他们决心填补这一空缺。瑜伽教练贝瑟尼穆泽于2019年推出了 “标识瑜伽”，目标是把瑜伽带给以前可能被禁止的人。）”可知，她创立Sign Yoga的目的是为了让听障人士 也能接触到瑜伽。应选D。15 .词义猜想题。根据本句话“After becoming a yoga teacher in 2015, she fielded requests from many people who were interested in yoga, but struggled to find teachers to accommodate their needs. （2015 年成为瑜伽老师后，她 处理了许多对瑜伽感兴趣的人的请求，但很难找到满足他们需求的老师。）”可知，她回应了许多对瑜伽感 兴趣的人的要求，但却很难找到能满足他们需求的老师。由此判断，该划线词意思是“回应应选B。16 .推理判断题。根据第五段“At first Mouzer started out small, holding single-day workshops at local studios in Birmingham and Worcester, where she signed continuously throughout the classes. The sessions were an immediate hit, and Mouzer began posting classes online via a Facebook page called Sign Yoga. Finally, once there was enough demand, Mouzer also started teaching in London.（一开始，莫泽的工作规模很小，她在伯明翰和伍斯特的当地 工作室举办了一天的工作坊，在整个课程中，她都在那里不断签约。这些课程立即引起了轰动，Mouzer开始通过一个名为Sign Yoga的Facebook页面在网上发布课程。最后，一旦有了足够的需求，Mouzer也开始 在伦敦教书。）”和最后一段中 “Mouzer ran a Deaf Accessible Yoga Teacher Training workshop in May.（今年 5 月，Mouzer举办了一个聋人瑜伽教师培训研讨会。）”由此可推知，她是善良的。应选A。5Skyscraper didn't always mean a tall building. The earliest reference to the word dates back to 1788, when it was used to describe a really tall horse, according to The Oxford English Dictionary. By the 1790s, a Philadelphia doctor had used the term to describe the triangular sail at the very top of a ship.After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the Home Insurance Company hired architect William Jenney to design a tall, fire-proof head office. Jenney was inspired to design the building's steel framework （框架）after his wife placed a heavy book on a small birdcage and found that the cage supported the weight. Today, that revolutionary structure is widely considered to be the first skyscraper.Since then, the competition to build the world's tallest building has been as sharp as the top of the Empire State Building. In the late 1920s, Walter Chrysler and his architect arranged for the secret construction of a roof that added 125 feet of height to the new Chrysler Building, making it 1,046 feet tall. The plan allowed them to eclipse（使逊色）the 927-foot Bank of Manhattan Trust Building.However, only 11 months after the Chrysler Building was ranked the world's tallest, it was surpassed by a new neighbor the Empire State Building. Yet when it opened in 1931, less than 25 percent of the building was occupied. New York jokers called it the “Empty State Building”.The largest skyscraper in the world always seems to be under construction. Jeddah Tower in Saudi Arabia is the latest and it's expected to stretch nearly one kilometer （3, 280 feet） into the sky.17. What did the word “skyscraper“ originally mean?A. A triangular sail.B. A high building.C. A fire-proof head office.D. An extremely tall horse.18. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “surpassed" in paragraph 4?A. given awayB. left behindC. put offD. taken upWhy was the Empire State Building called "Empty State Building”?A. It was ranked the world's tallest.B. Tourists were not allowed to visit it.C. Its construction lasted eleven months.D. Only a few people lived or worked in it.19. How does the passage develop?A. In order of time.B. In order of space.C. By analyzing causes.D. By giving definitions.【答案】DBDA【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述摩天大楼的起源以及它的建造历史。17 .细节理解题。根据第一段"Skyscraper didn't always mean a tall building. The earliest reference to the word dates back to 1788, when it was used to describe a really tall horse, according to The Oxford English Dictionary.（摩天大楼并不总是指高楼。据牛津英语词典记载，该词最早见于1788年，当时它被用来形容一匹非 常高大的马。）由此可知，摩天大楼起初意思是非常高的马。应选D。18 .词义猜想题。根据最后一段"The largest skyscraper in the world always seems to be under construction. （世 界上最大的摩天大楼似乎总是在建设中。）可知上文“However, only 11 months after the Chrysler Building was ranked the world's tallest, it was surpassed by a new neighbor the Empire State Building. （ 然而，在克莱斯勒 大厦成为世界第一高楼的11个月后，它就被新邻居帝国大厦超越了。）可推断，帝国大厦是继克莱斯 勒大厦之后又一所比克莱斯勒大厦更高的摩天大楼，由此猜想surpassed意为“超越”的意思,同leave behind （使落后）同义，应选B。19 .细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Yet when it opened in 1931, less than 25 percent of the building was occupied. New York jokers called it the "Empty State Building."（然而,当它在 1931 年开放时,只有不到 25%的建筑 被占用。纽约有人称其为“空州大厦”。）由此可知，帝国大厦又被叫做“Empty State Building”是因为它被占用 不到25%,所以应该很少的人在里生活或工作，应选D。20 .推理判断题。根据文章的摩天大楼的一词起源时间1788年，到到了 18世纪90年代，一位费城医生用 这个词来描述船顶部的三角形帆，再到1871年芝加哥大火后，家庭保险公司聘请建筑师威廉詹尼设计一个 高大的防火总部，以及后来的一些建造各个摩天大楼的时间，可知本篇文章是按照时间顺序表达的，应选A。6A new product from Google may help people solve their sleep problems, but some privacy rights groups are concerned.Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep. The basic model costs about $100 and the sleep-tracking technology will be available for free for the rest of 2021. The sleep tracker makes Google's product different from a similar home assistant from Amazon. If you put the Nest Hub beside your bed, it can follow how you sleep. That is because of a new computer chip called Soli, which can sense motion. Some people may like the new technology because they would not have to wear another device to bed. Some companies make products people can wear on their wrist to track their sleep.Google says the new Nest Hub will create reports each week that show how long and how well a person sleeps. It will also show if they snore, cough or wake up often. The company said it studied 15,000 people over the course of 110,000 nights to develop the technology.For people who want to know more about their sleep, the device sounds like a good idea. But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering. Jeff Chester is one of those people. He is the director of the Center for Digital Democracy. “Google's goal is to monetize every cell of your body/ he said.Google recently bought FitBit, a company that makes a health tracker people can wear on their wrist. Some technology experts think Google may find a way for the Nest Hub to work with the FitBit.Google says the sleep tracker has a lot of privacy protections. For example, it will only work if the user turns it on. The company said it will not use a person's sleep information to try to sell advertising. But Chester said he is not so sure that promise will be kept.20. Which is true about the Google's new Nest Hub?A. It's the first device to track people's sleep.B. It has some functions as a home assistant.C. It can be available for free for the rest of 2021.D. It is the same as a health tracker produced by FitBit.21. Why are some people concerned about the Google's new product?A. Because private information may be let out.B. Because the sleeping problems can't be solved.C. Because sleep may be interrupted.D. Because sleeping reports may be created each week.22. What does the underlined word mean?A. Make money on. B. Keep track of. C. Take care of. D. Give away.23. Whafs the best title of the text?A. Google's New SoliGoogle's sleep problem solverB. Google's Newest Nest HubA Sleep Tracker【答案】BAAC【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了谷歌的最新设备NestHub,跟踪用户睡眠是它的功能之一，一些 隐私权组织对此表示担忧。21. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep.（谷歌 周二展示了最新的NestHub家庭助理设备。除了识别你的声音，显示图片，视频，新闻和天气，它还可以 跟踪你的睡眠）”可知，谷歌最新的NestHub有一些家庭助理的功能。应选Bo细节理解题。根据第四段的“But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering但是，关注隐私的人担忧谷歌会如何处理它提供的信息）“可知，一些人担忧该 设备会泄漏个人信息，即泄露个人隐私。应选A。22. 词句猜想题。根据第四段的"But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering4但是，关注隐私的人担忧谷歌会如何处理它提供的信息）”和最后一段的“The company said it will not use a person's sleep information to try to sell advertising4该公司表示，不会禾II用一个人 的睡眠信息来卖广告户可知，一些人担忧自己的睡眠信息会被谷歌公司用来赚钱。而且Jeff是担忧隐私泄露 者中的一员，由此推知划线词所在句子意为“谷歌的目标是让你身体的每一个细胞都为它赚钱。即划线词意 为“靠 挣钱、与make money on同义。应选A。23. 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的“Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep.（谷歌周二展示了最新的NestHub家庭助理设备。除了识别你的声音，显示图片，视频，新 闻和天气，它还可以跟踪你的睡眠）”结合下文对该设备的介绍，可知本文主要介绍谷歌最新的Nest Hub。故 “谷歌最新的Nest Hub”可以作为最正确标题。应选Co7Have you ever heard about Black Friday and Cyber Monday? Surely, they are all about finding the best deals on holiday gifts for yourself and family members. And have you heard about GivingTuesday? Here is something about it!GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community. The "Global Day of Giving” was started in 2012 by New York City nonprofit 92nd Street Y and the United Nations Foundation.Unlike Black Friday, GivingTuesday serves a more altruistic purpose. In its first year, the movement brought in almost $10 million for charities, and things have only improved since. In 2019, many GivingTuesday social media campaigns worldwide helped raise an amazing $ 1.9 billion from 27 million donors! Over the past five years, many higher education institutions have also been using the Tuesday after Thanksgiving to ask alumni for donations. In 2019, the University of Michigan, which calls it Blueday, received 5887