英语语法：名词性从句之主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句.docx

英语语法：名词性从句之主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句高考英语语法：名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。在复合句中能作主语、宾语、 表语、同位语等。形容词性从句即定语从句；副词性从句即状语从句; 名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。名词性 从句须用陈述语序。引导名词性从句的连接词有附属连词：that, whether, if, as if, as though ;连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, whose ;连接副词：when, where, how, whyo一、主语从句1 ,主语从句即在句子中做主语的从句。常用it作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末，谓语动词一般用单数形式。It is known to us how he became a writer.微生物特征可能显示人们去了哪里、触碰过什么。它们可能能证明一个没有标记的设备是不是你的。例 17 , My one fear is (30)after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times.(2019上海普陀一模)我的一个恐惧是，在取得这个大成就之后，斯坦将失去他对于我们这个 浅薄的时代的严酷的批判力。四、同位语从句1、同位语从句是名词性从句，说明其前面的名词的具体内容，与先行词是同位或等同的关系。定语从句是形容词性的，与先行词之间存在所 属关系，起修饰限定的作用。同位语从句常用that弓|导,that是连词, 不充当句中任何成分，不可省略。而定语从句中的that既代替先行词, 同时在从句中作主宾表语，作宾语时可省略。The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.同位语从句The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.定语从句The reason that he was ill yesterday is such a bad excuse.同位语从句The reason that he gave for his lateness was that he didn, t catch the bus.定语从句2、同位语从句的先行词是一些有限的抽象性名词，如news, idea, fact, belief, advice, demand, doubt, possibility, thought, proposal, case, hope, information, message, order, problem, promise, request, suggestion, wish, word, reason, question, truth, conclusion, result, evidence.等。而定语从句的先行词可以是任何物 和人。3 , what可以引导同位语从句，在从句中充当主宾表语。what不能引 导定语从句。whether, how可以引导同位语从句,不可引导定语从句。I didn' t have the idea what you mean.同位语从句There is some doubt whether he will come.同位语从句It is a question how he did it.同位语从句, when, where, why的先行词与从句意义相关时，它们是关系副词， 引导定语从句。不相关时，这些词是连接副词，引导同位语从句。Do you have any idea where he lives?同位语从句He solved the problem why the TV was out of order.同位语从句The question when we start the work is not decided.同位语从句The reason why he was late for class was not the reason that he gave me.定语从句直击高考：例 18 z It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) you are afraid, Thafs heavy stuff for a children's novel. (2019 上海宝山一模)它意味着做正确的事情，尽管事实上你很害怕。那对儿童小说来说是一 个沉重的话题。例 19 , He does not accept the argument (30)e-bikes present a danger to citizens. ( 2019 上海崇明区一模)他不同意电动车会给市民带来危险的观点。例 20 , Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23) they7 re paying for Facebook, because people don, t really know what their personal details are worth. （ 2019 上海嘉定区一模）尽管他们知道这个公司是干嘛的，他们仍然不知道他们为脸书支付了什 么，因为人们并不真的知道他们的个人信息有什么价值。例 21 , Even worse is the possibility （30）we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. （ 2019 上海浦东一模）更糟糕的可能是我们将根本就没有海鲜享用了。例 22 , The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland . While they are rare north of 88° , there is evidence（1） they range all the way across the Arctic zand as far south as James Bay in Canada . （2019 全国 1卷）北极熊是在北极圈和远至新大陆南端的大块陆地聚集区被发现的。他们 很少在北纬88度的地区出现，有证据说明他们的足迹一路跨过北冰洋, 往南直抵加拿大的杰姆土湾。例 23 , "There' s no question （26）plants are capable of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air under laboratory conditions,“ says Claudio. （ 2019 上海浦东三模）克劳迪欧说：在实验室里植物有能力去除挥发性的化学毒气，这是不成 问题的。五、what/which加名词引导的名词性从句, what/which可以作为限定词，后修饰名词，构成特殊疑问句。what 用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合，后可加else,不可力口who同）； which用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合，后可带。f。后可接单复数。如 what problems have you met? What language can you speak?Which city do you live in ? Which cities have you been to?1 , what/which加名词，可以引导名词性从句或短语，what/which作 名词的定语，句子用陈述语气。I don' t know which place I should go to.此时what后可以是复数或不可数名词，不能是单数可数名词。He gave me what money he had about him.I spent what little time I had with her. I gave him what books I had.直击高考: 例 24 , Teachers get real-time updates on students' progress as well as suggestions on (28)subjects they need to spend more time perfecting.(2020上海虹口一模)老师们有了时间去更好地更新学生们的进展以 及为学生需要花更时间完善哪门学科提出建议。例 25 , The brothers' skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror (30)moods or interests we bring to our reading of them. ( 2020 上海徐:匚一模) 格林兄弟具有把这些东西诠释为一个普遍的写作形式的才能，而这种写 作形式似乎反映了我们在阅读它们时带入进的情绪和兴趣。六、what引导的名词性从句,表示"的东西或事情,相当于"the thing that.; all that.; everything that'”:He saves what he earns. What Mary is is the secretary.1 ,表示”的人或的样子"，相当于the person thatHe is no longer what he was. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?2 ,表示"的数量或数目"相当于the amount/number thatOur income is now double what it was ten years ago.3 ,表示“的时间”，相当于the time that:After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.4 ,表示"的地方，相当于the place thatThis is what they call Salt Lake City.5 ,句型A is to B what C is to D , what相当于as，但在此句型不能 用as代替,what作连词用，引导状语从句。Air is to us what water is to fish.七、名词性wh-从句wh-词包括 who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh- 从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补 语和间接宾语等：主语: How the book will sell depends on its author.直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.宾语未卜足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.同位语:I have no idea when he will return.形容词宾语：Fm not sure why she refused their invitation.介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.八、虚拟语气(should ) do表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等语气和表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意 义时，从句中的动词要用虚拟语气”(should) +d。”。It is necessary/important/natural/strange that,It is suggested/requested/desired that 等句型中做主语。insist, suggest, decide, advice, require, request, doubt 等动词后做 宾语。suggestion, order, requirement, advice, request, demand 等名词 后做宾语或表语从句。以上情形下，从句中需要用虚拟语气（should） doo注意insist、suggest不表建议做某事时不用虚拟。如He insisted that he was right. His pale face suggested he was ill.直击高考答案：l,what which 2, C 3 , what 4 , What none 5 , what 6 , that 7 , D 8 , that 9 , where10 , what 11 , that 12 , why 13 , which 14 , no matter how where 15 ,C 16 ,where whether 17 ,that 18 ,that 19 ,that 20 ,what 21 , that 22 , that23 , that 24 , what 25, what选择填空：1 .you have done might do harm to other people.A. That B. What C. Which D. This. They have no idea at all.A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place he has gone D. where he has gone to3.1 eaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. WhoUpon graduation he asked to be sent to. A. where he is most neededB. where he needed C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly neededThese photographs will show you.A. what does our village look like B. what our v川age looks likeC. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like4. Can you make sure the gold ring? A. where Alice hadputB. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice putNo one can be sure in a million years. A. what man will look like 常用以下句式:It is a fact that, It is an honor that, It is common that, It is a pity that ,It is said that ,It seems that, It is natural that 等。2 , what与that在引导主语从句时的区别：what引导主语从句时在从句中充当主宾表等句子成分，that不充当句 子成分。What you said yesterday is right.That she loves him is a truth.3 , It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比拟：1 ） It作形式主语是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。it引导的强调句那么是对句子某一局部进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分, 都可用连词that引导，强调人时也可用whoo）判断句子是否强调句，只要将连接局部it is/was . that/who去掉， 句意仍然完整的，就是强调句。2 ）强调句只强调主语、宾语或状语，注意句型it is not until. that 及特殊疑问句中的强调句。It was not until his mother came back that he began to do his homework.8. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like8.the Games will be held in Beijing is not known.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. ThatIt worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. which B. that C. if D. foryou don' t like him is none of my business.A. What B.Who C.That D. WhetherIt is said was all he said.A. that that; that B. what what; what C. that which, what D. that that, whatHe asked for the violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid9. 一 Do you remember he came?Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. ifis a fact that English is accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. ItSarah hopes to become a friend of shares herinterests.A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter whowe can' t get seems better than we have.A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; whatwe' II go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. WhereIt is generally considered unwise to give a child he orshe wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenevercaused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What That C. How D. WhereIt was a matter of would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever一 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.一 Is that you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. whatD. where15. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. WhoeverThese wild flowers are so special I would do I can tosave them.A. that B. which C. whichever D. whatever24.she couldn1 t understand was fewer and fewerstudents showed interest in her lessons.A. That; what B.What; why C.What; because D.Why; that. What the doctors really doubt is my mother willrecover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C.whether D. why.is no possibility Bob can win the first prize inthe match.A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whetherWhen you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that27. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need. A. that; to beimprovedB. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving Are you still thinking about yesterday7 s game?Oh, that' s A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited29. We cannot figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out A. that B. as C. why D. when.1 think Father would like to know I've been up toso far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. why C. what D. howA modern city has been set up in was a wasteland tenyears ago .A. what B. which C. that D. whereParents are taught to understand important educationis to their children7 s future. A. that B. how C. such D. soThe road is covered with snow. I can't understand theyinsist on going by motor-bike. A. why B. whether C. when D. howAfter Yang Li Wei succeeded in circling the earth,our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how32. A story goes Elizabeth I of England liked nothing morethan being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. when B. where C. what D. thatThe other day, my brother drove his car down the street atI thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. thatAlong with the letter was his promise he would visitme this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whetherMary wrote an article on the team had failed to win thegame.A. why B. what C. who D. thatDanby left word with my secretary he would call againin the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. whichThe way he did it was different we were used to .A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which.1 was surprised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which43. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased he was a man of action. A. which B.that C. what D. whetherWe haven't settled the question of it is necessary forhim to study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D. thatmakes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. WhoeverSee the flags on top of the building? That was we didthis morning.A. when B. which C. where D. whatPeter insisted he pay the bill. A. on that B. what C. that D.on which What did your parents think about your decision?-They always let me do I think I should. A. when B. thatC. how D. what44. Engines are to machines hearts are to animals.A. as B. that C. what D. which.1 just wonder that makes him so excited.A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it isOne advantage of playing the guitar is it can give you agreat deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. whenHe spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning his teammates had done. A. what B. which C.why D. while- It' s thirty years since we last met-But I still remember the story, believe it or not,we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. whenThere is much chance Bill will recover from his injury intime for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. ifNobody believed his reason for being absent from the class he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. thatC. where D. becauseThese shoes look very good. I wonder. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D.how much are they costDoris1 success lies in the fact she is co-operative andeager to learn from others. A. which B. that C. when D. why Could you do me a favor? - It depends on it is.A. which B. whichever C. what D. whateverThe other day, my brother drove his car down the street atI thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. thatAlong with the letter was his promise he would visitme this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whetherWe heard the news our team had won. A.that B.whatC.whether D. whyThe fact he hadn' t said anything surprised us all.B. why B. if C. that D. whether.1 have no idea she will be back. A. that B.where C.thatwhen D. whenWe must keep in mind the fact China is still adeveloping country.A. whether B. that C. why D. whenThey have no idea at all. A. where he has goneC. where did he go C. where has he gone D. which place he has gone选择填空答案：1-5 BACAB 6-10 CACBC 11-15 ADADC 16-20 AB BAA21-25 ADDBC 26-30 AAAAC 31-35 CABAB 36-40 DCBAB41- 45 CABCA 46-50 DCDCD 51-55 CABAB 56-60 CBCCB61-65 AC DBAWhen and where was it that you were born?What is it that you want to say?It is only when you appreciate something that an enduring feeling of happiness will follow.4 , whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 可弓 |导名词，性从句和 状语从句，no matter what/who/whom/which只能引导状语从句。 whenever, wherever, however不能引导名词性从句，只能引导状语 从句，相当于 no matter when/where/howoWhoever leaves the room last should turn off the lights.Wise parents do not give the children whatever they want直击高考： 例 1 1Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp,in (27)she distributed it to children. ( 2016 上海真题)最终我决定跟踪她，所发生的一切确实让我吃惊。她把这些食物带到难 民营，在那里分发给孩子们。例 2 , - We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?-No, _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A. who B. that C. what D. Which（2012上海真题）我们只有这个小书柜，你要吗？不，我想要找的是更大更坚固的。例 3 ,is true of skating is also true of life. （ 2019 上海闵行区 一模）那些对于滑冰真实可信的道理同样适合于生活。例 4 ,would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste an