2021-2022学年江苏省常州市前黄高级中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）.docx

2021-2022学年江苏省常州市前黄高级中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（考试时间：120分钟总分：150分）第一局部：听力（共20小题，每题L5分，总分值30分）第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why does the man like his new room?A. It is near his friends* flats.B. It is larger than the old one.C. It is close to the school.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Do you like your new room?M: It's nice to have enough space for all my things, so Fm glad I moved. But I miss my friends and neighbors. I especially miss living so close to the school.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How much will the man pay for two general tickets and two student tickets?A. $40.B. $20.C. $30.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:How much are the tickets?W: They're ten dollars each fbr the general public, but student tickets are half price.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What do we learn about Jack?A. He spoke to the boss.B. He gave orders like a boss. C. He worked thereas a boss.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Do you get along well with Jack at the office?M: He ordered everyone about as if he were the boss there.4 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman suggest?细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容"but it is just beginning production and sales in Nairobi now（但现在它才刚刚开始在Nairobi生产和销售）"可知，目前可以在Nairobi买到这种 环保厕所。应选A项。【26题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第五段内容“The United Nations says more than two and a half billion people around the world do not have good sanitation. Many have no choice but to use the outdoors, which is not only bad for the environment, but also harmful to people's health. Each year, poor sanitation leads to three fifths of those people getting an infectious disease which on average causes one out of 1,000 patients to die.（联合国表示，全球有超过25亿人没有良好的卫生设施。 许多人别无选择，只能使用户外，这不仅对环境有害，而且对人们的健康有害。每年，卫生 条件差导致五分之三的人感染传染病，平均每1000名病人中就有一人死亡）”可知，该段主 要讲述了在没有良好的卫生设施的情况下，选择户外（排便）对于环境和人体都带来了危害。 因此选项A “poor sanitation may cause many problems（恶劣的卫生条件可能导致许多问题）” 贴合该段主旨要义，为作者想要通过该段表达的信息。应选A项。【27题详解】词义猜想题。结合前后文语境可知，Jack Smith的话应是对前文提到的事实“The United Nations says more than two and a half billion people around the world do not have good sanitation.（联合国表示，全球有超过25亿人没有良好的卫生设施。）”进行评论，因此“This” 应是指代前文提到的事实，即，很多地方没有良好的卫生设施。应选B项。CGiven all the heated debates about how America's children should be taught, it may come as a surprise to learn that students spend less than 15% of their time in school. While there's no doubt that school is important, a series of recent studies remind us that parents are even more so. A study, for example, finds that parental involvement -checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home -has a more powerful influence on students1 academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. Another study, reports that the effort put forth by parents has a bigger impact on their children's educational achievement than the effort devoted by either teachers or the students themselves. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $ 1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement.So parents matter a lot -a point made clear by decades of research showing that a major part of the academic advantage held by children from wealthy families comes from the "concerted cultivation （协作培养）of children as compared to the more laissez faire（散养的）style of parenting common in working- -class families. But this research also reveals something else that parents, of all backgrounds, don't need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an edge. They don't need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-prep courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler talk,But not just any talk. Although well-known research by psychologists Betty Hart and Todd Risley has shown that professional parents talk more to their children than less- affluent （不富有 的）parents-a lot more, resulting in a 30 million “word gap“ by the time children reach age three-more recent researches are raising our sense of exactly what kinds of talks at home contributed to children's success at school. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics found that two way adult-child conversations were six times as effective in promoting language development as intervals （间歇）in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this mutual back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thoughts and opinions matter. As they grow older, this feeling helps middle-and upper-class kids develop into confident supporters for their own interests, while working-class students tend to avoid asking for help or arguing their own case with teachers, according to a research presented at American Sociological Association conference earlier this year.The content of parents9 conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, which predicts future achievement in the subject. Psychologist Susan Levine, who led the study on number words, has also found that the amount of talk young children hear about the spatial properties of the physical world-how big or small or round or sharp objects are-predicts kids' problem-solving abilities as they prepare to enter kindergartenWhile the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. And again, the way mothers and fathers talk to their middle-school students makes a difference. Research by Nancy Hill, a professor at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education, finds that parents play an important role in what Hill calls "academic socialization-setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals （going to college, getting a good job）.Engaging in these sorts of conversations, Hill reports, has a greater impact on educational accomplishment than volunteering at a child's school or going to PTA meetings, or even taking children to libraries and museums. When it comes to promoting students' success, it seems, ifs not so much what parents do as what they say.28. The first paragraph mainly tells us that.A. Teaching methods are vital to students in the USA B. schooling is necessary for American students C. parents affect their children's achievement greatly D. schools have paid more money to get the same results as parental involvement 29. From the second paragraph we can know that in the USA.A. children from rich families may have more academic advantagesworking-class parents tend to talk to their children moreB. wealthy families tend to adopt laissez-faire style of parentingparents have many ways to give their children an advantage30. What is the most effective talk between parents and children in improving language development?A. Professional parents' talk.B. Two-way conversation.C. Adults talking all the time.D. Children speaking as interludes.31. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. It's necessary fbr children to follow the example of their children.B. Children should be active in their educational accomplishment.C. Parents should often communicate with the teachers of their children.1） . Parents? influence stays with children fbr a long time.【答案】28.C29. A 30. B 31. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母教育的重要性。并用很多研究结论来证明父母 教育比学校教育更重要。28题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 u While there's no doubt that school is important, a series of recent studies remind us that parents are even more so.（毫无疑问,学校很重要，但最近的一系列研究 提醒我们，父母更重要。）”及本段内容可知，第一段主要介绍了父母对孩子的成就影响很 大。应选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “So parents matter a lot -a point made clear by decades of research showing that a major part of the academic advantage held by children from wealthy families comes from the concerted cultivation （协作培养）of children ” as compared to the more laissez faire（ft 养的）style of parenting common in working- -class families.（因此，父母很重要 几十年的 研究说明，富裕家庭的孩子在学业上的优势主要来自于“对孩子的协同培养”，而不是工人 阶级家庭中普遍存在的更加放任的教育方式。）”可知，来自富裕家庭的孩子可能有更多的 学业优势。应选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics found that two way adult-child conversations were six times as effective in promoting language development as intervals in which the adult did all the talking.（例如，加州大学洛杉矶分校公共卫生学院的研究人员在儿科学 杂志上发表的一项研究发现，成人与儿童之间的双向对话在促进语言开展方面的效果是成人 说话的间隔时间的6倍。）”可知，父母和孩子之间最有效的交流方式是双向对话。应选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. And again, the way mothers and fathers talk to their middle-school students makes a difference. Research by Nancy Hill, a professor at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education, finds that parents play an important role in what Hill calls "academic socialization-setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals （going to college, getting a good job）.（虽然随着孩子长大，父母与孩子之间的对话也会改变，但这些交流对学业成就的影响 仍然很大。再说一次，父母与中学生交谈的方式也会产生影响。哈佛大学教育研究生院教授 南希希尔的研究发现，父母在希尔所谓的“学术社会化”中扮演着重要角色一一设定期 望，将当前行为与未来目标（上大学、找一份好工作）联系起来。）”可推断，父母对孩子的影 响会持续很长一段时间。应选D。DSam, I say to myself as I start across the bridge, you must stop these thoughts and start thinking about what to do now that you have lost your falcon, Frightful.Life, my friend Ban do once said, is meeting problems and solving them whether you are an amoeba or a space traveller. I have a problem. I have to provide my younger sister Alice and myself with meat. Fish, nuts, and vegetables are good and necessary, but they don't provide enough fuel for the hard physical work we do. Although we have venison now, I can*t always count on getting it. So far this year, our venison has been only road kill from in front of Mrs Strawberry's farm.I decide to take the longest way home, down the flood plain of the West Branch of Delaware to Spillkill, my own name for a fast stream that cascades down the south face of the mountain range I'm on. I need time to think. Perhaps Alice and I should be like the early Eskimos. We should walk, camp and hunt, and when the seasons change, walk on to new food sources. But I love my tree and my mountaintop.Another solution would be to become farmers, like the people of the Iroquois Confederacy who once lived here. They settled in villages and planted corm and squash, bush beans and berries. We already grow groundnuts in the damp soil and squash in the poor land. But the Iroquois also hunted game. I can't do that anymore.Fm back where I started from.Slowly I climb the Spillkill. As I hop from rock to rock beneath shady basswoods and hemlocks, I hear the cry of the red-tai led hawk who nests on the mountain crest. I am reminded of Frightful and my heart aches. I can almost hear her call my name, Cree, Cree, Cree, Car-ree.Maybe I can get her back if I beg the man who is in charge of the peregrines at the university. “But it's the law/ he would say. I could write to the president of the United States and ask him to make an exception of Alice and me. That wont work. The president swore to uphold the Constitution and laws of the United States when he took office.I climb on. I must stop thinking about the impossible and solve the problem of what to do now. I must find a new way to provide for us. Frightful is going to be in good hands at the university, and she will have young.I smile at the thought of little Frightfuls and lift my reluctant feet.When I am far above the river, I take off my clothes and moccasins and bathe in a deep, clear pool until I am refreshed and thinking more clearly. Climbing up the bank, I dress and sit down. I breathe deeply of the mountain air and try to solve my problem more realistically.32. What does this excerpt main describe?A. Delicate mental activities.C. Everchanging story events.33. What is Sam*s first worry?A. How to get back quicklyC. How to ensure the safety of Frightful, himself.34. What do we know about Frightful?A. He left Sam and Alice due to lack of food, taken away.C. He is living with the red-tailed hawk happily, university.35. Which of the following can best describe Sam?A. Humorous.B. Aggressive.Unrealistic.【答案】32.A33. D 34. B 35. C【解析】B. Unique story environment.D. Complicated character relationship.B. How to get enough venison.D. How to provide meat for Alice andB. He helped Sam hunt before beingD. He has given birth to babies in theC. Responsible.D.【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了山姆一路上思考妹妹爱丽丝和自己生存问题的一系列 微妙的心理活动。【32题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了山姆从一开始过桥时默默对自己说的话、想起朋友 曾说过的话，到走最远的路回家途中对自己和妹妹生活方式的思考、再到爬山时又想起了猎 鹰Frightful以及思考一些不可能的事情,最后决定更现实地解决自己的问题这些细微的心理 活动，可知这段摘录主要描述了微妙的心理活动。应选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 “I have a problem. I have to provide my younger sister Alice and myself with meat.（我有个问题。我必须给我妹妹爱丽丝和我自己提供肉）”可知，山姆首先 担忧的是自己和妹妹的生存问题，应选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 “Sam, I say to myself as I start across the bridge, you must stop these thoughts and start thinking about what to do now that you have lost your falcon, Frightful.（山姆， 当我开始过桥时，我对自己说，你必须停止这些想法，开始思考既然你已经失去了你的猎鹰 Frightful,你该怎么办）”可知，没有猎鹰后山姆不知道该怎么办了，可推知猎鹰以前帮山姆 捕猎，应选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 “I have a problem. I have to provide my younger sister Alice and myself with meat.（我有个问题。我必须给我妹妹爱丽丝和我自己提供肉）”可知，山姆首要 想的是给自己的小妹妹爱丽丝解决保持体力的食肉问题，第三、四段中又想到了像爱斯基摩 人一样生活或当农民，一路上都在为自己和妹妹如何生存绞尽脑汁，可推知山姆是一个负责 任的人，应选C。第二节（共5小题；每题2.5分，总分值12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It is very important for kids to be courageous. A brave child is more likely to withstand negative peer pressure, say no to temptations （诱惑）and fight the good fight. 36 It boosts kids' resilience （适应力），confidence and willpower as their as well as their learning, performance and school engagement. Here are several ways to develop kids' courage:Set a model of courage. Kids who watch their parents stick their necks out to do the right thing are more likely to do the same. 37 Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fear instead of taking a shortcut. Your kids will learn how to take on the tough challenge they face by witnessing how you tackle your fears.38 Research finds that kids are more likely to be courageous if they believe that their parents encourage them to support those in need. Discuss bravery with your kids: Tell them "Courage is making the choice to do what you know is right even if you are afraid.”Ask your kids to share their acts of bravery. Learning to be brave takes practice, so encourage your children to do something courageous every day. 39 A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time.Teach your kids how to reduce their fears. If not kept under control, fear can be powerful.40 You might encourage positive