变电站集中视频监控系统设备远程配置设计与实现9399.docx

变电站集中视频监控系统设备远程配置设计与实现摘要随着电力力系统的的飞速发发展，电电力系统统的传输输电压等等级不断断提高，传传输参数数以及继继电保护护设备数数量也在在飞速增增长。视视频监控控也成了了电力系系统预防防故障的的一个重重要手段段，可以以预防许许多人为为故障以以及重要要设备表表面老化化故障。本本文对电电力系统统视频监监控系统统的发展展、组成成和功能能等进行行介绍。视视频监控控系统的的发展也也离不开开计算机机处理水水平相应应设备及及技术的的发展，现现代的视视频监控控系统依依托于网网络通过过缆线传传输实时时监控画画面，这这也对网网络传输输技术提提出了一一定要求求。本次毕业业设计我我的工作作主要集集中在视频设设备参数数的远程程配置，通通过调用用SDKK来实现现网络参参数、视视频参数数的配置置。并且且与同组组同学共共同学习习了soockeet套接接字实现现了客户户端与服服务端的的通信与与数据传传输。本本论文以以SDK调用用为重点点，实现现了视频频参数的的配置。关键词 视频监监控，SSDK调调用，参参数配置置AbsttracctWithh thhe rrapiid ddeveeloppmennt oof ppoweer ssysttem, thhe ttrannsmiissiion volltagge lleveel oof ppoweer ssysttem is inccreaasinng, thee trranssmisssioon pparaametterss annd tthe nummberr off reelayy prroteectiion devvicees aare inccreaasinng rrapiidlyy.Viideoo suurveeilllancce hhas alsso bbecoome an impporttantt meeanss off poowerr syysteem ffaullt pprevventtionn, ccan preevennt mmanyy huumann faailuure andd immporrtannt eequiipmeent surrfacce aaginng ffailluree.Thhis papper inttrodducees tthe devveloopmeent, 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paarammeteers.Keywwordds VVideeo ssurvveilllannce, SDDK ccalll, PParaametter connfigguraatioon目录摘要·······································································································································································Absttracct····························································································································································1 绪论论····································································································································································11.1研研究背景景·····················································································································································11.2国国内外研研究现状状·····································································································································12 变电电站视频频监控系系统·······························································································································32.1视视频监控控系统的的发展···························································································································32.2 视频监监控系统统的功能能和组成成··········································································································553 软件件开发平平台与开开发工具具····················································································································83.1 C+语言························································································································································83.2 Vissuall C+开发发工具·······························································································································93.3 SDKK调用·····················································································································································993.4 MySSQL数数据库··········································································································································103.5 Naviicatt foor MMySQQL 数数据库可可视化工工具·················································································1113.6软软件安装装中出现现的问题题及解决决··································································································1124 视频频监控系系统的网网络传输输技术·······································································································1444.1视视频图像像压缩技技术·····························································································································1144.2 视频压缩缩编码的的发展························································································································1144.3 H.2264视视频编解解码标准准······················································································································1164.4网网络传输输介质········································································································································1194.5 TCPP/IPP网络通信信协议··························································································································204.6 socckett通信技技术·····································································································································2225 服务务端与客客户端设设计····························································································································245.1 概述·····························································································································································2245.2 服务端端程序设设计···································································································································255.3 远程参数数配置模模块实现现··················································································································2285.4 客户端端程序设设计···································································································································30总结·······································································································································································34致谢·······································································································································································35参考文献献····························································································································································35附录外外文翻译译原文··································································································································37附录外外文翻译译············································································································································43附录 部分代代码·········································································································································448IX 变电站集中视频监控系统设备远程配置设计与实现第1章 绪论1.1 背景近年来，随随着电力力系统的的飞速发发展，电电压等级级越来越越高，电电力系统统越来越越复杂。传传统的RRTU（远远程终端端单元）四四遥：遥遥测，遥遥信，遥遥调，遥遥控，已已经越来来越无法法满足SSCADDA（数数据采集集与监控控控制系系统）的的满足。现现在1110KVV以下的的变电站站已逐渐渐变得少少人或无无人值守守，变电电站监控控系统的的发展与与逐渐完完善是随随着电力力系统的的发展而而发展的的。而仅仅凭传统统的四遥遥来实现现变电站站的无人人值守，几几乎是无无法令人人放心的的。传统的电电力系统统监控是是通过互互感器采采集电气气量，把把电气量量传送到到监控室室上屏。然然而事实实是，若若监控室室能监控控到异常常时，继继电保护护设备已已经动作作但未起起到作用用或者保保护失灵灵。监控控室此事事只能将将事故段段解列出出电力系系统以便便于事故故排查以以及维护护。这时时我们就就需要一一种更好好的保护护方法，使使电力设设备初现现故障倪倪端时就就对其进进行维护护。传统统的方法法是安排排人员巡巡查，但但是人员员巡查容容易产生生疏忽，或或者出现现问题时时不能及及时观察察到而产产生事故故，这时时我们就就需要一一种类似似于人眼眼观测但但是能长长时间进进行持续续观察的的方法视频频监控。可以认为为视频监监控是RRTU“四遥”之外的的第五遥遥“遥遥视”。通过过多个摄摄像头对对重要的的设备进进行长期期不间断断的监控控，监控控被监控控对象的的外表状状态，温温度等。并并且也可可以用来来监控一一些人为为的问题题，如误误操作，防防火防盗盗等。视视频监控控系统发发展至今今可以归归纳为三三个阶段段：模拟拟信号视视频监控控系统、数数字信号号视频监监控系统统，模拟拟与数字字相结合合的视频频监控系系统。1.2 国内外外研究现现状国外对于于视频监监控系统统的研发发较早，早早在上世世纪九十十年代初初就已经经开发了了以模拟拟信号为为主的视视频监控控系统，而而在200世纪末末转入了了以数字字信号为为主的的的视频监监控系统统，之后后发展到到数字信信号与模模拟信号号相结合合并且与与网络化化相结合合的视频频监控系系统。我我国视频频监控系系统起步步较晚，在在20005年之之前都是是以发展展模拟视视频监控控系统为为主，之之后三年年发展到到数字监监控系统统，在220099年后至至今，都都在发展展网络化化的视频频监控系系统。近年来，随随着计算算机处理理能力的的飞速发发展，视视频监控控也蓬勃勃发展，人人脸识别别技术在在视频监监控中已已不是一一个构思思，人脸脸识别技技术已经经能完全全投入使使用但依依旧有许许多不足足仍需继继续完善善。在变电站站视频监监控中，巡巡检机器器人的出出现标志志着视频频监控系系统的更更进一步步的发展展。巡检检机器人人配备有有红外摄摄像头，超超高像素素的摄像像头等设设备，能能检查关关键设备备的外表表状态，温温度情况况等，并并将采集集到的镜镜头信息息传输到到监控室室实时播播放及保保存。他他能够弥弥补一些些人工巡巡查的失失误，比比如日复复一日的的观察很很难察觉觉到设备备状态的的变化，而而通过录录像的对对比很容容易发现现一些设设备的表表面损坏坏等。图1-11 国网网东善桥桥变电站站智能巡巡检机器器人如图1-1，是是国网南南京东善善桥5000KVV变电站站的智能能巡检机机器人，它它装备有有高像素素摄像头头，红外外摄像头头等，它它能把拍拍摄到的的画面实实时传输输到监控控室并存存储。第2章 视频监监控系统统2.1 视频监监控系统统的发展展2.1.1 第第一代视视频监控控系统最初的第第一代视视频监控控是采用用了一对对一的方方式，即即一台摄摄像机对对应着一一台相对对的监视视器，安安装有有有多少台台摄像机机就需要要有多少少台监视视器。第第一代视视频监控控被称为为传统模模拟闭路路视频监监视系统统（CCCTV）。之之后出现现了视频频切换设设备，改改变了视视频监控控系统只只能一台台监视器器对应一一台摄像像机的尴尴尬局面面。此时时的视频频监视系系统依旧旧处于只只能监视视而不能能控制的的阶段。随随着单片片机技术术的飞速速进步，模模拟闭路路监视系系统又增增加了一一些功能能如多路路视频切切换，摄摄像机云云台控制制等一些些控制功功能。这这样的纯纯模拟的的视频监监控系统统存在着着大量的的局限性性：（11）传输输线路受受外界影影响大，只只能在小小范围内内进行视视频传输输；（22）受限限于传输输线路以以及切换换器容量量，视频频监控的的可扩展展性差；（3）视频频的存储储依靠录录像带，录录像带满满载时需需要更换换，无法法做到224小时时连续监监控，录录像带不不易于保保存，极极易丢失失或被盗盗取，录录像带的的存放也也是一个个较大的的问题；（4）录像像质量低低。图2-11 模拟拟视频监监控系统统2.1.2 第第二代视视频监控控系统到了200世纪900年代，得得益于通通信技术术，计算算机多媒媒体技术术获得了了相对较较为快速速的进步步，人们们依靠计计算机对对于数据据的强大大处理能能力，较较为显著著的提升升了对于于视频信信息的采采集和处处理能力力，提高高了视频频录像的的画面质质量使视视频监控控系统的的功能进进一步发发展。并并且开发发出了视视频捕捉捉卡，并并将其与与计算机机相结合合。这种种第二代代视频监监控系统统大体模模型是“模拟数字”系统。第第二代视视频监控控系统基基于多媒媒体技术术的，以以模拟信信号为传传输信息息来输入入信息，但但是编码码、视频频播放和和控制系系统是依依靠的数数字信号号。由于于其核心心设备基基本都是是数字设设备所以以人们称称其为数数字视频频监控系系统11。 图2-2 数数字视频频监控系系统数字视频频监控系系统依旧旧存在着着一些局局限，每每台摄像像机都要要安装单单独的视视频电缆缆，将导导致后来来的布线线变得复复杂，一一台磁盘盘刻录机机最多只只能支持持16台摄摄像头。磁磁盘的保保存依旧旧会出现现问题。2.1.3 第第三代视视频监控控系统在20世世纪900年代末末到211世纪初初，计算算机处理理能力，网网络带宽宽和存储储器的容容量获得得了长足足的发展展，同时时出现了了数量相相当可观观视频信信息处理理技术，视视频监控控进入了了全数字字化的网网络时代代，即数数字多媒媒体视频频监控系系统。数数字多媒媒体视频频监控系系统的IIP摄像像机都内内置了WWeb服服务器以以及网络络接口，这这些摄像像机生成成的数字字文件为为JPEEG或MPEEG-44格式。用用户远程程访问WWeb服服务器页页面即可可实现参参数配置置、远程程控制以以及图像像监控等等功能2。数字字多媒体体视频监监控系统统通过网网络接口口接入因因特网后后，其存存储容量量以及传传输范围围将不再再受到限限制。第第三代视视频监控控系统不不仅没有有前两代代视频监监控系统统的局限限性反而而还有着着它的巨巨大优势势，简便便且易于于控制，易易于升级级，可扩扩展性强强，完全全实现远远程监控控，可以以使冗余余的存储储器获得得利用3。 图2-3 数数字多媒媒体视频频监控系系统21世纪纪初出现现的嵌入入式处理理器，使使高速大大量的对对音视频频的编解解码处理理变得简简单起来来。与网网络通信信技术相相结合，出出现了集集网络传传输、本本地存储储、可编编程图像像/声音音编解码码和自动动化为一一体的嵌嵌入式数数字视频频监控系系统。可可以满足足视频监监控系统统发展的的两大要要求：网网络化和和数字化化。2.1.4 第第四代视视频监控控系统近几年来来，出现现的第四四代视频频监控系系统是在在第三代代视频监监控系统统的基础础上，结结合图像像处理、模模式识别别和计算算机视觉觉技术等等形成的的智能视视频监控控系统。摄像机的拍摄画面质量越来越高，计算机处理能力的飞速提高，使得电脑可以自动分析画面，其强大的数据处理能力可以过滤掉画面中多余无用的信息，自动识别人、动物以及其他物体，并且抽取画面中的重要信息如车牌号等。智能视频频监控系系统可以以智能的的识别出出人与物物，比如如人脸识识别，车车牌识别别与记录录。还可可以进行行运动轨轨迹的识识别，这这一技术术可以应应用到汽汽车自动动驾驶技技术上。还还可以对对视频环环境的判判断，如如有人把把摄像头头的位置置调偏（这这时很常常见的）可可以自动动调回去去，又或或者有人人把摄像像头镜头头挡住之之类的，可可以实现现对监控控室的提提醒。2.2 视频监监控系统统的组成成及功能能视频监控控系统主主要由由由前端系系统和终终端系统统两大部部分组成成，传输输系统与与终端系系统通过过传输系系统进行行通信。如如图1-4所示示，是一一个基本本的视频频监控系系统。由由摄像机机采集画画面，经经过解码码器转换换后通过过传输线线传输到到监控室室，若监监控室由由控制要要求则可可以通过过控制线线对摄像像机进行行控制。图2-44 视频频监控系系统的组组成2.2.1 前前端系统统前端系统统包括：摄像机机、云台台、解码码器、拾拾音器。摄像机是是视频监监控系统统中最重重要的部部分，没没有摄像像机视频频监控系系统则无无从谈起起。监控控用的摄摄像机的的分辨率率和像素素比电脑脑摄像机机高但是是比专业业的数码码相机或或数码摄摄像机低低。从外外形上主主要分为为枪型摄摄像机、半半球摄像像机、快快速球形形摄像机机三种，枪枪型摄像像机分为为普通枪枪型摄像像机和红红外枪型型摄像机机。如图图2-5所示示，a)为枪枪型摄像像机，bb）为红红外枪型型摄像机机，c）为半半球摄像像机，dd）为高高速球形形摄像机机。图2-55 视频频监控摄摄像机枪型摄像像机室内内室外都都可以适适应，用用于监控控固定的的画面，但但是可以以将其安安装在云云台上以以扩大监监控范围围。可以以在摄像像机上添添加LEED红外外照明装装置，可可以使摄摄像机获获得夜视视功能，如如图2-5bb）就是是红外监监控摄像像机，可可以将其其应用于于夜间和和无照明明设备的的场所。半球形摄摄像机安安装于室室内天花花板上，由由于其较较小且不不引人注注意，具具有美观观和隐蔽蔽的效果果。快速球形形摄像机机又称为为快球。它它集摄像像机，云云台，解解码器，快快速变焦焦镜头于于一体，可可以实现现全方位位的监控控。云台可以以使摄像像头移动动，以此此来实现现更大范范围的监监控。解解码器可可以将输输入的模模拟信号号转换并并输出为为数字信信号，方方便进一一步的压压缩和传传输。拾拾音器就就是采集集声音信信号别放放大传输输，一般般的视频频监控系系统中不不包含拾拾音器。2.2.2 传传输系统统传输系统统包括：各种缆缆线。一一般传输输系统只只是传输输图像信信号和控控制信号号，偶尔尔包含声声音信号号。对于于传输系系统来说说最重要要的是尽尽量保持持原始信信号不失失真以及及尽量减减弱外界界信号的的干扰。目目前多采采用视频频基带传传输，若若传输线线路过长长则采用用光纤传传说。2.2.3 终终端系统统终端设备备包括：硬盘刻刻录机及及显示设设备、监监控矩阵阵、存储储设备、电电视墙等等。终端系统统包括显显示部分分与控制制部分。如如今的监监控室的的显示都都是以一一个电视视墙来同同时显示示多个画画面，需需要关注注的画面面会被监监控人员员切换到到面前的的显示器器上来监监视。监监控人员员可以通通过控制制摄像机机的云台台，以及及摄像机机的开/关来进进行控制制。第3章 软件开开发平台台与开发发工具3.1 C+语言3.1.1计算算机语言言种类计算机语语言的种种类非常常之多，大大体上可可以分为为三大类类：机器器语言，汇汇编语言言，高级级语言。计计算机所所能识别别的语言言只有机机器语言言，但机机器语言言是由00和1构成的的代码，非非常不易易于人们们识别和和记忆。而汇编语语言实质质上与机机器语言言是相同同的，但但其代码码是由英英文构成成的标识识符，都都是直接接对硬件件进行操操作的。汇汇编语言言编出的的文件相相对于高高级语言言较小且且执行速速度很快快。但是是汇编语语言的缺缺点是程程序相对对很长，复复杂，比比较容易易出错。高级语言言是相对对与汇编编语言来来说的，它它并不是是一个具具体的语语言，它它包含了了很多语语言，如如：C/C+、Jaava、BBasiic等，这这些语言言各有不不同。本本次毕业业设计就就采用了了C+高级语语言。3.1.2C+及其其特点C+语语言是一一种高级级语言，它它是C语言的的扩展，也也是C语言的的超集。C+是面向对象程序设计的高级语言。C+源源程序设设计好后后要进行行编译、连连接生成成可执行行的程序序文件，最最后执行行并且调调试程序序。C+源程程序的扩扩展名是是.cppp，将将源程序序进行编编译，即即将高级级语言CC+语语言翻译译成机器器语言代代码，编编译后的的程序扩扩展名为为.obbj。最最后连接接程序生生成一个个可执行行文件，其其扩展名名为.eexe。在C+中，类类是一种种结构化化的数据据类型，它它是用来来组织数数据和函函数的。类类是将数数据和数数据操作作函数结结合在一一个单元元内的机机制，类类构成了了C+面向对对象程序序设计的的基础，是是封装的的基本单单元。C+的的软件复复用功能能之一是是模块。C+既允许其用户构造函数模板，也允许用户构造类模板。模板是把函数或者类将要处理的数据类型参数化，使参数具有多态性。C+的的一个重重要功能能是继承承和派生生。继承承是面向向对象程程序设计计可以复复用代码码的最重重要的方方法，它它允许用用户在保保持原来来的类的的基础上上进行扩扩展并增增加新的的功能。继继承显现现了面向向对象程程序设计计的层次次结构。呈呈现了一一个由浅浅入深的的认识过过程。在在C+中可以以由一个个类派出出一个新新类。通通过继承承可以对对类进行行分层，C+通过类的派生机制来支持继承。通过类派生出的新类也可以作为基类再继续派出更加新的类，以此形成了一个层次结构。继承反映映了事物物之间的的联系，个个性与共共性间的的关系。相相对于独独立设计计而言，继继承的工工作量少少，重复复的部分分可以从从基类继继承过来来，不需需要单独独编程来来实现功功能。C+自自带了一一个标准准库，称称之为CC+标标准库，其其包含了了丰富的的函数和和类库等等，在编编程时可可以直接接使用，C+标准库的存在避免了重复劳动，大大提高了程序设计的效率。C+标准库包含了：STL（标准模板类库：Standard Template Library），C标准函数库，其他。3.2 Vissuall C+6.0开发发工具Visuual C+6.00是微软软推出的的Vissuall C+开发发工具的的6.00版本，VVisuual C+是微软软的产品品Vissuall Sttudiio工具具集的重重要组成成部分。Visual C+6.0可以在Windows的系统环境下开发应用程序，是一个功能齐全，高效率的可视化编程工具。Visuual C+6.00提供了了MFCC类库，用用户通过过MFCC类库可可以很方方便的开开发出符符合用户户要求的的功能。相相对于其其它的开开发工具具，Viisuaal CC+66.0完完成功能能目标要要求花费费的时间间要少很很多。Visuual C+以可视视化技术术为基础础，以CC+语语言为蓝蓝本，以以大量的的可视化化工具为为骨架，让让用户可可以高效效率的开开发应用用程序。3.3 SDKK调用全程软件件开发工工具包（SDKK：Sooftwwaree Deevellopmmentt Kiit）一般都都是一些些软件工工程师为为特定的的软件包包、软件框框架、硬硬件平台台、操作作系统等等建立应应用软件件时的开开发工具具的集合合。它可以简简单的为为某个程程序设计计语言提提供应用用程序接接口APPI的一一些文件件，但也也可能包包括能与与某种嵌嵌入式通通讯的复复杂的硬硬件。一一般的工工具包括括用于调调试和其其他用途途的实用用工具。SDK 还经常包括示例代码、支持性的技术注解或者其他的为基本参考资料澄清疑点的支持文档4。本次毕业业设计所所用到的的软件开开发工具具包是海海康威视视的SDDK包。其其中包含含了网络络通讯库库、软件件解码库库、硬件件解码库库等功能能部件。其其文件名名和功能能组件如如图所示示：图3-11 SDDK主要要功能组组件该SDKK的主要要功能包包括：11、图像像预览；2、云台台控制；3、语音音对讲；4、解码码卡远程程升级；5、文件件回放及及下载；6、远程程关闭/重启；7、参数数配置等等。海康威视视的SDDK包含含了海康康威视的的各种功功能函数数，这些些功能函函数被封封装在DDLL（DDynaamicc Liink Libbrarry）中中。用户户在开发发过程必必须有函函数声明明的的头头文件（.h文件）和和库文件件（.llib文文件）才才能调用用DLLL中的函函数。所所以我们们必须将将我们需需要用到到的DLLL文件件，头文文件和库库文件导导入Viicauual C+6.00中。海康威视视对于实实现不同同的视频频监视功功能将SSDK分分为不同同的模块块。无论论实现哪哪个模块块的功能能时都要要进行初初始化SSDK，注注册设备备，用户户注销，释释放SDDK资源源。初始始化SDDK是对对整个SSDK进进行初始始化。模模块功能能的使用用是在注注册设备备之后进进行。注注销和释释放SDDK是对对内存进进行重新新分配。该SDKK的主体体是网络络通讯库库(HCCNettSDKK.dlll)，网网络通讯讯库应用用于摄像像头与视视频客户户端之间间的网络络通讯，具具有远程程参数配配置及码码流数据据的获取取和处理理等通讯讯功能。软软件解码码库(PPlayy Cttrl)用来实实现实时时码流数数据的显显示，回回放录像像文件等等。硬解解码库(DsSSdk.dlll)实现现实时数数据流的的显示和和对监视视器进行行矩阵输输出。