麦克阿瑟：责任、荣誉、国家35009.docx

麦克阿瑟：责任、荣誉、国家(MacArthur:Duty, Honor, Country) 我爱英语网      道格拉拉斯·麦克阿阿瑟(Douuglas MacArrthur)，美国陆军军五星上将。出出生于阿肯色色州小石城的的军人世家。11899年中中学毕业后考考入西点军校校，19033年以名列第第一的优异成成绩毕业，到到工程兵部队队任职，并赴赴菲律宾执勤勤。麦克阿瑟瑟有过50年年的军事实践践经验，被美美国国民称之之为“一代老老兵”，而其其自身的又曾曾是“美国最最年轻的准将将、西点军校校最年轻的校校长、美国陆陆军历史上最最年轻的陆军军参谋长”，凭凭借精妙的军军事谋略和敢敢战敢胜的胆胆略，麦克阿阿瑟堪称美国国战争史上的的奇才。     这是麦麦克阿瑟将军军的一篇著名名演讲，是他他一生中最后后一次也是最最感人的一次次演讲，19962年5月月，他应邀来来到他的母校校西点军校，接接受军校的最最高奖励西尔维纳斯斯·塞耶荣誉誉勋章。他检检阅了学员队队，和他们共共进午餐。     我的的生命已近黄黄昏，暮色已已经降临，我我昔日的风采采和荣誉已经经消失。它们们随着对昔日日事业的憧憬憬，带着那余余晖消失了。昔昔日的记忆奇奇妙而美好，浸浸透了眼泪和和昨日微笑的的安慰和抚爱爱。我尽力但但徒然地倾听听，渴望听到到军号吹奏起起床导对那微微弱而迷人的的旋律，以及及远处战鼓急急促敲击的动动人节奏。我我在梦幻中依依稀又听到了了大炮在轰鸣鸣，又听到了了滑膛枪在鸣鸣放，又听到到了战场上那那陌生、哀愁愁的呻吟。     TThe shhadowss are lengttheninng forr me. The ttwiligght iss heree. My days of olld havve vannishedd, tonne andd tintt. Theey havve gonne gliimmeriing thhroughh the dreamms of thinggs thaat werre. Thheir mmemoryy is oone off wonddrous beautty, waateredd by ttears, and coaxeed andd careessed by thhe smiiles oof yessterdaay. I listeen vaiinly, but wwith tthirstty earrs, foor thee witcching meloddy of faintt buglles bllowingg reveeille, of ffar drrums bbeatinng thee longg rolll. In my drreams I heaar agaain thhe craash off gunss, thee ratttle off muskketry, the strannge, mmournfful muutter of thhe batttlefiield.     然而而，晚年的回回忆经常将我我带回到西点点军校。我的的耳旁回响着着，反复回响响着：责任，荣荣誉，国家。今今天是我同你你们进行的最最后一次点名名。但我愿你你们知道，当当我到达彼岸岸时，我最后后想的是学员员队，学员队队，还是学员员队。      Butt in tthe evveningg of mmy memmory, alwayys I ccome bback tto Wesst Poiint. AAlwayss therre echhoes aand ree-echooes: DDuty, Honorr, Couuntry. Todaay marrks myy finaal rolll calll witth youu, butt I waant yoou to know that when I crooss thhe rivver myy lastt conssciouss thouughts will be off The Corpss, andd The Corpss, andd The Corpss.MacArthhur: FFareweell Adddresss to CCongreess Mr. Preesidennt, Mrr. Speeaker, and Distiinguisshed MMemberrs of the CCongreess:I standd on tthis rrostruum witth a ssense of deeep huumilitty andd greaat priide - humiility in thhe weiight oof thoose grreat AAmericcan arrchiteects oof ourr histtory wwho haave sttood hhere bbeforee me; pridee in tthe reeflecttion tthat tthis hhome oof leggislattive ddebatee reprresentts humman liibertyy in tthe puurest form yet ddeviseed. Heere arre cennteredd the hopess and aspirrationns andd faitth of the eentiree humaan racce. I do noot staand heere ass advoocate for aany paartisaan cauuse, ffor thhe isssues aare fuundameental and rreach quitee beyoond thhe reaalm off parttisan consiiderattion. They must be reesolveed on the hhighesst plaane off natiional interrest iif ourr courrse iss to pprove soundd and our ffuturee prottectedd. I ttrust, therreforee, thaat youu willl do mme thee justtice oof recceivinng thaat whiich I have to saay as solelly exppressiing thhe connsiderred viiewpoiint off a feellow Ameriican.II addrress yyou wiith neeitherr ranccor noor bittterneess inn the fadinng twiilightt of llife, with but oone puurposee in mmind: to seerve mmy couuntry. The issuees aree globbal annd so interrlockeed thaat to consiider tthe prroblemms of one ssectorr, oblliviouus to thosee of aanotheer, iss but to coourt ddisastter foor thee wholle. Whhile AAsia iis commmonlyy refeerred to ass the Gatewway too Euroope, iit is no leess trrue thhat Euurope is thhe Gatteway to Assia, aand thhe brooad innfluennce off the one ccannott faill to hhave iits immpact upon the oother. Therre aree thosse whoo claiim ourr streength is innadequuate tto prootect on booth frronts, thatt we ccannott diviide ouur efffort. I cann thinnk of no grreaterr exprressioon of defeaatism. If aa poteentiall enemmy cann diviide hiis strrengthh on ttwo frronts, it iis forr us tto couunter his eeffortt. Thee Commmunistt threeat iss a gllobal one. Its ssuccesssful advannce inn one sectoor thrreatenns thee desttructiion off everry othher seector. You can nnot apppeasee or ootherwwise ssurrennder tto commmunissm in Asia withoout siimultaaneoussly unndermiining our eeffortts to halt its aadvancce in Europpe.Beyonnd poiintingg out thesee geneeral ttruismms, I shalll conffine mmy disscussiion too the generral arreas oof Asiia. Beefore one mmay obbjectiively assesss thee situuationn now existting tthere, he mmust ccompreehend sometthing of Assia's past and tthe reevoluttionarry chaanges whichh havee markked heer couurse uup to the ppresennt. Loong exxploitted byy the so-caalled colonnial ppowerss, witth litttle oopporttunityy to aachievve anyy degrree off sociial juusticee, inddividuual diignityy, or a higgher sstandaard off lifee suchh as gguidedd our own nnoble adminnistraation in thhe Phiilippiines, the ppeoplees of Asia foundd theiir oppportunnity iin thee war just past to thhrow ooff thhe shaackless of ccoloniialismm and now ssee thhe dawwn of new oopporttunityy, a hheretoofore unfellt diggnity, and the sself-rrespecct of polittical freeddom.Muusteriing haalf off the earthh's poopulattion, and 660 perrcent of itts nattural resouurces thesee peopples aare raapidlyy conssolidaating a neww forcce, booth mooral aand maateriaal, wiith whhich tto raiise thhe livving sstandaard annd ereect addaptattions of thhe dessign oof moddern pprogreess too theiir ownn disttinct cultuural eenviroonmentts. Whhetherr one adherres too the conceept off coloonizattion oor nott, thiis is the ddirecttion oof Asiian prrogresss andd it mmay noot be stoppped. IIt is a corrollarry to the sshift of thhe worrld ecconomiic froontierrs as the wwhole epiceenter of woorld aaffairrs rottates back towarrd thee areaa whennce itt starrted.IIn thiis sittuatioon, itt becoomes vvital that our oown coountryy orieent itts polliciess in cconsonnance with this basicc evollutionnary ccondittion rratherr thann purssue a coursse bliind too the realiity thhat thhe colloniall era is noow passt andd the Asiann peopples ccovet the rright to shhape ttheir own ffree ddestinny. Whhat thhey seeek noow is frienndly gguidannce, uundersstandiing, aand suupportt - nnot immperioous diirectiion - the digniity off equaality and nnot thhe shaame off subjjugatiion. TTheir pre-wwar sttandarrd of life, pitiifullyy low, is iinfiniitely lowerr now in thhe devvastattion lleft iin warr's waake. WWorld ideollogiess playy litttle paart inn Asiaan thiinkingg and are llittlee undeerstoood. Whhat thhe peooples strivve forr is tthe oppportuunity for aa litttle moore foood inn theiir stoomachss, a llittlee bettter cllothinng on theirr backks, a littlle firrmer rroof oover ttheir headss, andd the realiizatioon of the nnormall natiionaliist urrge foor polliticaal freeedom. Thesse polliticaal-soccial ccondittions have but aan inddirectt bearring uupon oour owwn nattionall secuurity, but do foorm a backddrop tto conntempoorary plannning wwhich must be thhoughttfullyy conssidereed if we arre to avoidd the pitfaalls oof unrrealissm.Of more direcct andd immeediateely beearingg uponn our natioonal ssecuriity arre thee channges wwroughht in the sstrateegic ppotenttial oof thee Paciific OOcean in thhe couurse oof thee pastt war. Prioor theereto the wwesterrn strrategiic froontierr of tthe Unnited Statees layy on tthe liiterall linee of tthe Ammericaas, wiith ann expoosed iislandd saliient eextendding oout thhroughh Hawaaii, MMidwayy, andd Guamm to tthe Phhilipppines. Thatt saliient pprovedd not an ouutpostt of sstrenggth buut an avenuue of weaknness aalong whichh the enemyy coulld andd did attacck.Thee Paciific wwas a potenntial area of addvancee for any ppredattory fforce intennt upoon strrikingg at tthe boorderiing laand arreas. All tthis wwas chhangedd by oour Paacificc victtory. Our sstrateegic ffrontiier thhen shhiftedd to eembracce thee entiire Paacificc Oceaan, whhich bbecamee a vaast mooat too prottect uus as long as wee heldd it. Indeeed, itt actss as aa prottectivve shiield ffor alll of the AAmericcas annd alll freee landds of the PPacifiic Oceean arrea. WWe conntrol it too the shorees of Asia by a chainn of iislandds exttendinng in an arrc froom thee Aleuutianss to tthe Maariannnas heeld byy us aand ouur freee alllies. From this islannd chaain wee can dominnate wwith ssea annd airr poweer eveery Assiaticc portt fromm Vladdivosttok too Singgaporee - wwith ssea annd airr poweer eveery poort, aas I ssaid, from Vladiivostook to Singaapore - annd preevent any hhostille movvementt intoo the Paciffic.Anny preedatorry atttack ffrom AAsia mmust bbe an amphiibiouss effoort.* No ammphibiious fforce can bbe succcessfful wiithoutt conttrol oof thee sea laness and the aair ovver thhose llanes in itts aveenue oof advvance. Withh navaal andd air supreemacy and mmodestt grouund ellementts to defennd basses, aany maajor aattackk fromm conttinenttal Assia tooward us orr our friennds inn the Paciffic woould bbe dooomed tto faiilure.Underr suchh condditionns, thhe Paccific no loonger repreesentss menaacing avenuues off apprroach for aa prosspectiive innvaderr. It assummes, iinsteaad, thhe friiendlyy aspeect off a peeacefuul lakke. Ouur linne of defennse iss a naaturall one and ccan bee mainntaineed witth a mminimuum of milittary eeffortt and expennse. IIt envvisionns no attacck agaainst anyonne, noor doees it proviide thhe basstionss esseentiall for offennsive operaationss, butt propperly mainttainedd, wouuld bee an iinvinccible defennse aggainstt aggrressioon. Thhe hollding of thhis liiterall defeense lline iin thee westtern PPacifiic is entirrely ddependdent uupon hholdinng alll segmments thereeof; ffor anny majjor brreach of thhat liine byy an uunfrieendly powerr woulld rennder vvulnerrable to deetermiined aattackk everry othher maajor ssegmennt.Thiis is a millitaryy estiimate as too whicch I hhave yyet too findd a miilitarry leaader wwho wiill taake exxceptiion. FFor thhat reeason, I haave sttronglly reccommennded iin thee pastt, as a mattter oof millitaryy urgeency, that underr no ccircummstancces muust Foormosaa falll undeer Commmunisst conntrol. Suchh an eeventuualityy woulld at once threaaten tthe frreedomm of tthe Phhilipppines and tthe looss off Japaan andd mighht welll forrce ouur wesstern fronttier bback tto thee coasst of Califforniaa, Oreggon annd Wasshingtton.To unndersttand tthe chhangess whicch noww appeear uppon thhe Chiinese mainlland, one mmust uundersstand the cchangees in Chineese chharactter annd cullture over the ppast 550 yeaars. CChina, up tto 50 yearss ago, was complletelyy non-homoggenouss, beiing coomparttmenteed intto grooups ddivideed agaainst each otherr. Thee war-makinng tenndencyy was almosst nonn-exisstent, as tthey sstill folloowed tthe teenets of thhe Connfuciaan ideeal off paciifist cultuure. AAt thee turnn of tthe ceenturyy, undder thhe reggime oof Chaang Tsso Linn, effforts towarrd greeater homoggeneitty prooducedd the startt of aa natiionaliist urrge. TThis wwas fuurtherr and more succeessfullly deevelopped unnder tthe leeadersship oof Chiiang KKai-Shhek, bbut haas beeen broought to itts greeatestt fruiition underr the preseent reegime to thhe poiint thhat itt has now ttaken on thhe chaaracteer of a uniited nnationnalismm of iincreaasinglly domminantt, agggressiive teendenccies.TThrouggh theese paast 500 yearrs thee Chinnese ppeoplee havee thuss becoome miilitarrized in thheir cconceppts annd in theirr ideaals. TThey nnow coonstittute eexcelllent ssoldieers, wwith ccompettent sstaffss and commaanderss. Thiis hass prodduced a neww and dominnant ppower in Assia, wwhich, for its oown puurposees, iss alliied wiith Sooviet Russiia butt whicch in its oown coonceptts andd methhods hhas beecome aggreessiveely immperiaalistiic, wiith a lust for eexpanssion aand inncreassed poower nnormall to tthis ttype oof impperiallism.TThere is liittle of thhe ideeologiical cconceppt eitther oone waay or anothher inn the Chineese maake-upp. Thee stanndard of liiving is soo low and tthe caapitall accuumulattion hhas beeen soo thorroughlly disssipatted byy war that the mmassess are despeerate and eeager to foollow any lleaderrship whichh seemms to promiise thhe allleviattion oof loccal sttringeenciess.I haave frrom thhe begginninng bellievedd thatt the Chineese Coommuniists' suppoort off the Northh Koreeans wwas thhe domminantt one. Theiir intterestts aree, at preseent, pparalllel wiith thhose oof thee Soviiet. BBut I belieeve thhat thhe agggressiivenesss reccentlyy dispplayedd not only in Koorea bbut allso inn Indoo-Chinna andd Tibeet andd poinnting potenntiallly towward tthe Soouth rrefleccts prredomiinantlly thee samee lustt for the eexpanssion oof powwer whhich hhas annimateed eveery woould-bbe connqueroor sinnce thhe begginninng of time.The JJapaneese peeople, sincce thee war, havee undeergonee the greattest rreformmationn recoorded in moodern histoory. WWith aa commmendabble wiill, eeagernness tto leaarn, aand maarked capaccity tto undderstaand, tthey hhave, from the aashes left in waar's wwake, erectted inn Japaan an edifiice deedicatted too the supreemacy of inndividdual llibertty andd perssonal digniity; aand inn the ensuiing prrocesss therre hass beenn creaated aa trully reppresenntativve govvernmeent coommittted too the advannce off poliiticall moraality, freeedom oof ecoonomicc enteerprisse, annd soccial jjusticce. Pooliticcally, econnomicaally, and ssociallly Jaapan iis noww abreeast oof manny freee nattions of thhe earrth annd willl nott agaiin faiil thee univversall trusst. Thhat itt may be coountedd uponn to wwield a proofounddly beeneficcial iinflueence oover tthe coourse of evvents in Assia iss atteested by thhe maggnificcent mmannerr in wwhich the JJapaneese peeople have met tthe reecent challlenge of waar, unnrest, and confuusion surrooundinng theem froom thee outsside aand chheckedd commmunismm withhin thheir oown frrontieers wiithoutt the slighhtest slackkeningg in ttheir forwaard prrogresss. I sent all ffour oof ourr occuupatioon divvisionns to the KKoreann batttlefroont wiithoutt the slighhtest qualmms as to thhe efffect oof thee resuultingg poweer vaccuum uupon JJapan. The resullts fuully jjustiffied mmy faiith. II knoww of nno nattion mmore sserenee, ordderly, and indusstriouus, noor in whichh highher hoopes ccan bee enteertainned foor futture cconstrructivve serrvice in thhe advvance of thhe humman raace.Off our formeer warrd, thhe Phiilippiines, we caan loook forrward in coonfideence tthat tthe exxistinng unrrest wwill bbe corrrecteed andd a sttrong and hhealthhy nattion wwill ggrow iin thee longger afftermaath off war''s terrriblee desttructiivenesss. Wee mustt be ppatiennt andd undeerstannding and nnever fail them