(精品~)高考英语经典长难句分析及其复习重点词汇用法.doc

#*【精品】高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法 1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【句式翻译】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针 对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。 【句式分析】本句是一个含有 so 引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含有一个 than 引导的比较状语从句。【词语点拨】1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that 可能做Hes very likely to send me an email tonight. =Its very likely that hell send me an email tonight. 很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。 The company is likely to set up a branch in our city. =Its likely that the company will set up a branch in our city. 这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。 2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解I cant follow these instructions - they dont make sense. 我不理解这些指示-根本讲不通嘛。We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it. 我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。3) appeal to 吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于 Blue and red appeal to me, but I dont like gray or yellow. 我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him. 杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。 We can appeal to the website for the information we need. 我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。 【语法点拨】本句中的 than any other，意为“比其他任何一个” ，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。如：China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. #*中国比非洲的任何国家都大。 2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.【句式翻译】年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责 任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。 【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时又含有一个 who 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 adults。【词语点拨】1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；be exposed to 暴露于；接触We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers. 我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。 We should allow children to be exposed to new ideas. 我们应当让孩子们接触新思想。 2）manage v.应付，设法对付；管理；能解决；manage to do 设法做成We need people who are good at managing. 我们需要擅长管理的人。 He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 他设法把游客及时送到机场。 Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully. 如果掌控小帆船不够小心，它们在水中就容易翻。 【语法点拨】 “the+比较级，the+比较级” ，表示“越越” 。如：The more we get together, the happier well be. 我们越是多聚会, 我们越快乐。The longer she worked at it, the more enthusiastic she became. 她越干越来劲。 3. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”. 【句式翻译】她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿 意承担困难的任务。 【句式分析】本句含有一个 than 引导的比较状语从句。【词语点拨】take on 承担；呈现He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities. #*他一向乐于挑重担。 The chameleon can take on the colour of its background. 变色龙可呈现出与其背景相同的颜色。 【语法点拨】当我们要对两个人或物进行比较时，就采用比较级，比较级的构成：形容词或副词 的比较级+than+比较成分，意思是：“更些”或“较” 。Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help. 当别人需要帮助时，行动胜于语言。 In a word, practice is far more important than book knowledge. 一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。 4. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests. 【句式翻译】也许更重要的是，你越善于管理你的学习时间，你就会有更多的时间用在你课外的 兴趣上。 【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时含有两个非限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词 the time 和 the more time。【词语点拨】1) devote vt.献身；专心于；常接 time/money/energy/life/oneself 作宾语，构成短语 be devoted to=devote oneself to 献身于，致力于；to 为介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词。 Lang Lang devoted a lot of time to playing the piano even when he was a little child. 郎朗小时候就把很多时间都用来弹钢琴。After her marriage, the singer couldnt devote herself totally to her music. 结婚之后这个歌手无法全力倾注于音乐。 2）spend some money/ time on sth=spend some money/time (in) doing sth 表示“花费(时间、金钱等)做某事” ，其中的介词 in 可以省略。Every day, most of the students in this school spend three hours on their homework. 这所学校大多数学生每天花三个小时做家庭作业。It is bad for children to spend a lot of time playing computer games. 用很多时间玩电脑游戏对孩子是有害的。 【语法点拨】 “the+比较级，the+比较级” ，表示“越越” ，具体用法第 2 句。5. He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Masters degree at university in chemistry. 【句式翻译】他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到 1942 年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的那一年。 【句式分析】本句含有一个 after 引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了过去完成时态。#*【词语点拨】gain vt.（经过努力）获得，取得We gain knowledge by practicing again and again. 我们从反复训练中获取知识。 They realized that passing the exam was no longer enough to gain a place at university. 他们认识到仅仅通过这个考试，并不能确保在大学获得一席之位。 【语法点拨】过去完成时的构成：had done，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去” 。表示过去某一时间可用 by, before, after等构成的短语，也可用 when, before 等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。如：His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift he had long expected. 当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 12 岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。6. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space. 【句式翻译】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。 【句式分析】本句是由并列连词 and 连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。【词语点拨】suitable adj.合适的，适当的；构成短语：be suitable for 适合They dont think this article is suitable for publication. 他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。 John wanted to change over to a more suitable job. 约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。 【语法点拨】将来完成时的构成：will/shall have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作” 。常与 by + 将来时间，before+将来时间和 by the time 引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如： He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。 When we get there，shell have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已上班去了。 7. In todays world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning. 【句式翻译】在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗#*继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话， “英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词 but 连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个 if 引导的条件状语从句。【词语点拨】1) celebrate vt.庆祝The whole city celebrated the New Year with fireworks. 全城放焰火来庆祝新年。 2) affect vt.影响，感动 I told him firmly that his opinion will not affect my decision.我坚定的告诉他，他的观点不会影响我的决定。 The audience present was deeply affected by his speech.在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。 【语法点拨】将来完成时, 具体用法第 6 句。8. One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire. 【句式翻译】历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元 500-550 年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。 【句式分析】本句包含一个 when 引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。【词语点拨】attempt v. he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House. 【句式翻译】埃德蒙兹是第一个非洲裔美国人作为全职演讲撰稿人为美国总统工作。他也是第一 位非洲裔美国人作为演讲撰稿人总监为白宫工作。 【句式分析】本句包含有两个由分号分隔开的分句,不定式短语 to work和 to serve都作定语，修饰 the first African American。【词语点拨】serve v. 服务；用作；端上We found that birch bark could serve as paper. 我们发现桦树皮可以作纸用。 Air hostesses all smile when they serve the passengers. 空姐们为乘客服务时总是满脸笑容。 Please clear your books away so that I can serve dinner. 请把你的书收拾一下以便我端上饭菜。 【语法点拨】动词不定式可以放在表示次序的词 the first, the last 等后面以及 the only, the very, the right 等词后面作定语, 且与这些词有逻辑上的主谓关系。结构为：the first/last /only/very/right/best/youngest .+n./pron. + to do sth，表示“第一个/最后一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的/最好的/最年轻的做某事的人/物” 。 如：The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。 New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote. 新西兰成为现代史上第一个允许妇女有选举权的国家。 19. The Olympic spirit - the spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather than winning - has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 【句式翻译】奥林匹克精神强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。 【句式分析】本句是复合句,which 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 spirit，to succeed 修饰 desire，作定语。【词语点拨】rather than 与其；不愿；而不是。用于连接两个并列成分，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致#*Tom rather than his friends has been chosen. 是汤姆而不是他的朋友们被选中。 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。 I decided to send an e-mail rather than telephone. 我决定发邮件而不是打电话。 【语法点拨】有些名词后常跟不定式作定语，如：time, way, right, reason, effort, chance, movement, ability, desire, tendency 等。如：Thank you for giving me a chance to make a speech. 谢谢你给我发言的机会。 Mr. Green has the ability to bring out the best in others. 格林先生能做到扬人之长。 20. When you set out to do something different, theres no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher - to be a published writer - is unbelievably rewarding. 【句式翻译】当着手去做不同的事情，看不到结果，所以，发现自己的名字写在出版商的合同上 要成为一个出版作家是令人难以置信的回报。【句式分析】本句是复合句，包含有三个从句，when 引导时间状语从句，so 引导结果状语从句，where 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 position，to find 在句中作主语。【词语点拨】rewarding adj. 值得的；有报酬的So far my time with these children has been very rewarding. 到目前为止,我和这些孩子们度过的时光非常有价值。Government service can be a rewarding and secure career. 政府部门的工作可以很有回报，很有保障。 【语法点拨】动词不定式可以作主语，位于句首。如果动词不定式短语过长，为了避免句子头重 脚轻，可用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式短语后置，具体用法第 17 句。如：To obey the law is the duty of everybody. 遵守法律人人有责。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。 21. To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle”with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter. 【句式翻译】要真正开发同理心，你最好在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有多样化的会员的#*俱乐部或团队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈” ，或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。【句式分析】本句是复合句，that 引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a club or a team，volunteer, join, have 和 spend 是并列的谓语动词，To really develop在句中作目的状语。 【词语点拨】volunteer v. 志愿 n. 志愿者Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside. 一些大学生自愿到农村去。 She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week. 目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作，一周去 3 天。【语法点拨】不定式 to do 可以作目的状语（其否定形式：not to do） ，相当于 in order to do 和 so as to do (so as to do 只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如：One should get enough exercise to keep healthy. 为了维持身体健康，一个人要有足够的锻炼。 To find a better job, a lot of people choose to go to the big cities. 为了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。 22. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. 【句式翻译】自豪地阅读我写的内容时，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来 了。 【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有三个非谓语短语，reading my words 和 only to find分别作时间状语和结果状语，bearing作宾补。【词语点拨】glance vi 瞥；浏览；后面常跟 at, through, over 等介词I picked up the phone book and glanced through it. 我拿起电话簿，匆匆扫了一遍。 He glanced at his watch and left the room. 他匆匆看了一下手表，离开了房间。 【语法点拨】动词不定式作结果状语时，通常表示出乎意料的结果，常被 just 或 only 修饰，置于句末，用逗号和句子分开。如： I went to the classroom, only to find nobody there. 我去了教室，却没有见到一个人。 He rushed to the door, only to discover that it was locked and barred. 他冲到门边, 却发现门已被锁死了。23. At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest female to win the womens world title for platform diving at the World Championships in Australia in 1991. #*【句式翻译】1991 年，12 岁的伏明霞就获得了一项吉尼斯纪录，当时她参加了在澳大利亚举行的跳台跳水世界锦标赛，成为最年轻的女子世界冠军。 【句式分析】本句是复合句，when 在句中引导状语从句，to win the women's world title作定语，修饰 the youngest female。【词语点拨】championship n.冠军称号；锦标赛We are proud for you to win the championship. 我们为你赢得冠军而骄傲。 All the gold medals for the championship fell to the team. 本届锦标赛的所有金牌都被这个队夺得。 【语法点拨】动词不定式作定语，具体用法第 18 句。24. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. 【句式翻译】把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程，也不可能通过任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡 来加速其消除的过程。 【句式分析】本句是由并列连词 and 连接的复合句，To get rid of alcohol 和 to speed it up 在句中都作主语。【词语点拨】1)get rid of 摆脱；除去How to get rid of air pollution is still a big problem. 如何清除空气污染仍然是个大问题。 2)measure n. 尺寸；措施；手段 vt. 挣扎；争取 n.打斗；挣扎；斗争The climbers struggled against the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain. 登山者在强风中艰难的行走，最终到达山顶。 They struggled to get out of the burning building. 他们艰难地逃离了着火的大楼。 With a struggle, I managed to control my feelings. 经过一番斗争，我把情绪控制住了。 【语法点拨】1)having done 作状语，具体用法第 25 句。2)不定式 to do 常跟在下列动词后作宾语：ask, agree, beg, begin, start, wish, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, seek, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, would/should like 等。如： His parents choose to live in the countryside. 他的父母决意在乡下居住。 We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 我们约定在这里见面，但是到现在她还没露面。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？ 28. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. 【句式翻译】西班牙流感在十八个月内夺去了五千万人的生命，该病似乎专门袭击年轻力壮的人， 而不是老迈长者，被认为是历史上最严重的一次传染病。 【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有一个句式：be believed to do/be 被认为做/是，Having killed在句中作状语，to strike作定语，修饰 tendency。【词语点拨】strike vt. 攻（袭）击；打，打动； (钟)敲响报(时); 使突然想起 n.打击；罢工Snowstorms often strike that area in winter. 冬天暴风雪常常袭击那个地区。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 The clock struck twelve. 钟敲十二点。 I was struck by the beauty of the West Lake.我被西湖的美景给迷住了。 It suddenly struck me that I ought to make a new plan.#*我突然想到, 我应该制订一个新的方案。The bus drivers have been on strike for several days. 公共汽车司机罢工好几天了。 【语法点拨】1）(sth/sb)be believed to do/be 被认为做/是= It is/ was believed that，在这个句式中，不定式作主语补足语，可以代替 believe 用于这个句式的动词还有：say, suppose, think, know, report 等。如：Do you know why Friday is believed to be an unlucky day? 你知道为什么星期五被认为是不吉利的日子吗？ The old castle was believed to have ghosts living in it for many years. 多年来人们一直相信这座古堡里面居住着幽灵。 The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20-year period. 人们认为建造这座大金字塔花去了 20 多年的时间。Yao Ming is thought to be one of the best basketball players in the world. 姚明被认为是世界上最棒的篮球运动员之一。 2）having done 作状语，具体用法第 25 句。3）to do 作定语，具体用法第 19 句。29. I dont know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that youve never travelled outside of Asia, I thought Id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.【句式翻译】我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以， 我想告诉你一点关于你期望找到的东西。 【句式分析】本句是有并列连词 but 连接的复合句,同时包含有四个从句，what your expectations are，that youve never travelled，Id tell you 和 what you can都是宾语从句；knowing和 to find在句中分别作主语和宾语。【词语点拨】expect v.期望；预期You cant expect to succeed if you attempt tasks above your ability. 如果你要做能力达不到的事，就别指望成功。 The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his expectation. 西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。 【语法点拨】1）doing 可以作主语：很多情况下，相当于 to do，有时也可用 it 作形式主语。常用 doing 作主语的句型：It is no good/use doing做没用It is useless doing做没用It is worthwhile doing做是值得的It is useless trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our advice. #*劝说李小姐接受我们的建议是没有用的。 如果 doing 有自己的逻辑主语，doing 前可以用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。如： Toms/his coming late made the manager very angry. 汤姆/他来晚了让经理很生气。to do 和 doing 做主语的区别：to do 常表示具体的某一动作; doing 表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时，多用动名词。如： Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesnt pollute the air. 骑自行车是很好的运动; 而且还不污染环境。2）不定式 to do 作宾语：具体用法第 27 句。30. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. 【句式翻译】摆脱负面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的，同时主动地使 你相信自己的积极的品质。 【句式分析】本句是复合句，that your image is是宾语从句，to get rid of在句中作定语，to realize 和 to actively convince是并列成分，作表语。【词语点拨】far from 远离；远非，远远不是The work he did yesterday is far from perfect. 他昨天做的的工作远非十全十美。 Far from relieving my cough, the medicine made it worse. 这药非但不镇咳，反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。 2）convince vt. 使信服；常用于以下结构：