Unit 4 Natural Disasters Section A Reading and Thinking 学案--高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册.docx

Unit 4 Natural DisastersSection A Reading and Thinking 学案学习目标1、学会本节单词、短语。2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。词汇解析l.ruin n. & vt.破坏；毁坏搭配：fall into ruin 衰落，衰败financial ruin 破产2.shock（1）n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克搭配：in shock震惊,吃惊He' s still in a state of shock.他至今还惊魂未定。The news of his death came as a great shock to everyon已他去世的消息让所有人都非常震 惊。She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.她因休克被送到医院。2） ） vt.（使）震惊搭配：It shocks sb. to see/hear看到/听到使某人震惊。It shocked them to hear that he had gone abroad.听说他出国的消息，他们惊讶不已。3） trap（1） vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套（trap一trapped一trapped）be/get trapped in困在中；陷入中trap sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事They were trapped in the lift.他们被困在电梯里。By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth.他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说 出真相。（2） n.险境；陷阱lay/set a trap （for sb.）（给某人）设下圈套fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套people caught in the unemployment trap 陷入失业困境中的人们If you choose this way, you' re likely to fall into a trap.如果你选择这条路，你可能会落 入圈套。4 .bury vt.埋葬；安葬搭配：bury one' s face/head in one? shand' s 双手掩面/双手抱头bury one, s feelings隐藏感情，感情不外露a deeply buried memory 深埋的记忆.breathe vi. & vt.呼吸搭配：breathe in/out 吸气/呼气breathe into 注入breathe regularly 均匀呼吸breathe hard呼吸困难breathe freely/easily 安下心来breathe a sigh of relief 舒了 一口气5 .suffer（1）vt.遭受；蒙受pain/hardship经历痛苦/困难a defeat/a loss/damage/punishment 遭受失败/ 损失/ 损害/ 惩罚She is suffering a lot of pain.她遭受着巨大的痛苦。The car suffered heavy damage in the accident.这辆汽车在事故中遭到了严重破坏。（2） vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦a bad back 背疼a bad cold患重感冒ill health身体不好a headache/toothache 头痛/ 牙痛How long have you been suffering from a headache?你头痛有多久了？【词语积累】sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者suffering n.苦难；痛苦；让人痛苦的事（常用复数）句式剖析1、现在分词短语作定语单个的现在分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰 词之后。Eg： an amusing story 一个可笑的故事students wishing to going hiking想要去徒步旅行的学生现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：现在分词表示动作的主动或进行过去分词表示动作的被动或完成Eg : falling leaves正在飘落的树叶fallen leaves 落叶2、现在分词短语作状语 现在分词短语作原因状语现在分词短语作时间状语 现在分词短语作结果状语3、主语 + be + adj. （+ for sb.）+ to do该句型中的形容词多为表示主语的性质、特质的词。使用时要注意一下几点：句子主语和动词不定式是被动关系，主动形式表被动动词不定式有时有自己的逻辑主语（for sb.）如果动词不定式是不及物动词，在不及物动词后面加上适当的介词。练习一、根据首字母填写单词T in the building with fire totally out of control, people hung on the windows,signing for help.（根据首字母单词拼写）I wanted to sort out this problem with him, but it was like banging my head against ab wall .（根据首字母单词拼写）They were t in the deep hole and couldn't get out.二、根据汉语意思填写单词The government appealed to the International Red Cross to help the people suffering from the（洪灾）.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）1. We should make every（努力）to protect our valuable drinking water.（根据汉语 提示单词拼写）Do you value（智慧）or courage?（根据汉语提示单词拼写）三、根据中英文提示填写单词She b（掩面、埋葬）her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.（根据中英文提示单词拼写）2. As far as I know, he has ever s（遭受）from a serious illness.（根据中英文 提示单词拼写）四、根据所给汉语提示填空3. He was shaking with fright（就好像看见了鬼一样）.4. It seemed （仿佛世界末日即将来临）。（根据汉语提示完成句子）In less than one minute, a large city lay（严重受损, 破败不堪）.（根据汉语提示完成句子）五、句型转换The problem is too difficult for me to work out.一The problem is I can't work it out.（同义句转换）The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.（同义句转换）一The house is.六、汉译英（整句）困在迷雾中，我什么也做不了，只能哭泣，无助又失落。（汉译英）5. 经过不懈努力，营救人员终于把幸存者从废墟下挖了出来。（effort; ruin）（汉译英）身上穿着不同的衣服，她在镜子前转来转去，像时装秀上的超级模特一样欣赏自己。（汉译英）七、完成句子6. 我们队又进了一球。看起来我们要赢得比赛了。Our team has scored another goal. It looks.7. 他张开嘴似乎要说些什么。He opened his lips to say something.参考答案:1. Trapped【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在着火的大楼里，猛烈的火力完全失控,，人们紧紧 抓住窗户，寻求帮助。be trapped in被困在，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词。根据首 字母提示及句意，故填Trapped。2. brick【详解】考查名词。句意：我想和他一起解决这个问题，但这就像我的头撞在砖墙上一样。根据空后的“wall”以及首字母提示可知，空处需要名词brick“砖。作定语修饰后面的名词。故填brickotrapped【详解】考查语态。句意：他们被困在很深的洞里，无法出来。根据单词首字母以及句意“被困”可知应填trap,和主语构成被动关系，结合were可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填3. floods【详解】考查名词。句意：他呼吁国际红十字会帮助遭受洪水灾害的人们。根据汉语提示可 知，“洪灾”为名词flood（此处为泛指意义的洪水，应用复数），在句中做介词from的宾语。 故填 floodso. effort【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该尽一切努力保护我们珍贵的饮用水。根据汉语提示“努 力”，可知应填名词effort,作宾语，短语make every effort to表示“尽一切努力”。故填effort。4. wisdom【详解】考查名词。句意：你重视智慧还是勇气？分析句子可知，空处与courage并列作value 的宾语，也需要一个抽象名词，应使用wisdom表示“智慧”。故填wisdom。5. buried【详解】考查时态。句意：她双手掩面，听到这个坏消息后哭了起来。根据句意以及首字母 和汉语提示，空处应用动词bury,表示“掩面，埋葬' 且根据句中wept使用过去式形式可 知，句子使用一般过去时，所以空处动词使用过去式形式。故填buried。6. . suffered【详解】考查过去分词。句意：就我所知，他曾经患过一场大病。根据"has ever”（曾经）可知，句子的时态为现在完成时，动词suffer应使用过去分词suffered,表已完成的动作,“suffer from”意为遭受，忍受。故填suffered。7. as if he had seen a ghost【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他吓得直哆嗦，就好像看见了鬼一样。根据提示可知，此处 使用了 as if引导的状语从句，是一种虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态。 故填asifhehadseenaghost。8. as if the world would come to an end【详解】考查动词短语和虚拟语气。句意：看起来仿佛世界末日即将来临。分析句式可知， 用It seemed as if表示“看起来仿佛”，后面的从句应该用虚拟语气。根据汉语提示可知，从 句中是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，所以从句中用would+动词原形。用动词短语come to an end 来表示"末日来临故填 as if the world would come to an end。9. in ruins【详解】考查短语。句意：不到一分钟，一座大城市化为废墟。“严重受损，破败不堪”是in ruins o 故填inruinsso difficult that【详解】考查固定用法。句意：这道题太难了，我解不出来。例句中用“t。to:太而 不能”,转换同义句可用“so.that+否认句：如此以至于不能”表达。故填so difficultthato10. too expensive for me to buy【详解】考查固定句型。句意：这个房子对于我来说太贵了，我买不起。太而不能应用 短语tooto，昂贵的应用expensive,对于我来说应为for me,介词后用宾格me,结合句 意，故填 too expensive for me to buyoTrapped in the dense mist, I could do nothing but burst into tears, helpless and disappointed. 【详解】考查动词短语、非谓语动词和形容词作状语。表示“困在迷雾中"用过去分词短语 trapped in the dense mist,作原因状语;表示“什么都做不了只能”应用could do nothingbut结构，其中介词but表示“除了”，因其前面有实义动词do,所以后面跟不带t。的不定 式；表示“哭泣”用动词短语burst into tears,跟在介词but后用原形；表示“无助又失落”用形 容词 helpless and disappointed,作状语，故翻译为 Trapped in the dense mist, I could do nothing but burst into tears, helpless and disappointed.11. With/Through tireless efforts, the rescuers/the rescue workers finally dug out the survivors from the ruins.【详解】考查时态。句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，“不懈努力”翻译为tireless efforts, 使用介词with/through表示“经过”，构成介词短语With/Through tireless efforts作状语；主语 “营救人员”可译为the rescuers/the rescue workers,使用复数形式表示泛指，谓语“挖出”使用 短语dig out,副词finally表示“终于”，作状语修饰动词，动词使用过去式形式，即finally dug out,后接宾语“幸存者"the survivors, “从废墟下”使用介词短语from the ruins作状语。故翻 译为 With/Through tireless efforts, the rescuers/the rescue workers finally dug out the survivors from the ruins.12. With different being changed dresses on her body, she turned around and around in front of the mirror, admiring herself as if she were a super model at a fashion show.【详解】考查时态、非谓语和虚拟语气。事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时；be changed dresses （换衣服）用动名词作介词With的宾语，形容词different作定语修饰动名词短语being changed dresses, turn around and around （转来转去），in front of （在前面），admire （欣赏）用现在分词表主动，作状语，as if引导方式状语从句，用虚拟语气，be动词用were, “超级 模特”表达为super model。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：With different being changed dresses on her body, she turned around and around in front of the mirror, admiring herself as if she were a super model at a fashion show.13. as if we are going to win the game【详解】考查表语从句。结合句意可知，空处用as if"好像"引导表语从句，“赢得比赛”译为 win the game,根据“Our team has scored another goal.”可知，空处表示符合实际情况或很快要 实现的事，无需用虚拟语气，应用一般将来时，表示有迹象要发生的事情，用be going to do 结构， 故填 as if we are going to win the game。14. as if/though【详解】考查状语的省略。根据汉语提示可知此处用as if/though引导方式状语从句，主句 为一般过去时，根据语境可知从句用过去将来时，“他似乎要说些什么“翻译为：as if/though he was to/would say something,根据题干的空格数和空格后的“to say something”排除 would, 从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语是be动词，故可以省略主语和谓语。故填asif/though o