2022中考英语备考复习：情态动词用法 讲与练.docx
情态动词用法讲与练情态动词基本常识1 .情态动词：本身有一定的词义，但要与行为动词一起使用，增添情态色彩，表示说 话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。2 .情态动词有三类：1）只作情态动词的有：can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should.2）可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need和dare.3）具有情态动词特征（半情态动词）的有：have, has to, be able to, unable to, be going to, had better.3 .情态动词的语法特征：1）情态动词+实义动词原型；2）情态动词没有人称和数的变化；3）情态动词只有原型和过去式两种形式；4）情态动词不能和其他的助动词或情态动词连用。几组情态动词的用法1 .情态动词need用法：1）用作情态动词“没有人称和数的变化”。need + do sth.变否认句：neednJt + do sth ;变疑问句：Need sb + do sth ?2）用作实义动词"有人称、数和时态”的变化。a） need + to do sth.变否认句：don't /doesn't /didn't + need to do sth.变疑问句：一Do / Does /Did sb + need to do sth?Yes, sb do/does / did.No, sb don't / doesn5t /didn't.b） need不能用于被动语态结构，当主语是物时，可以主动表被动：Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done.The table needs painting. =The table needs to be painted.2 .半情态动词had better用法：1) had better + 动词原形 =Ifs best to do sthYou had better stay at home. = It's best to stay at home.2) had better not + 动词原形We had better not play the computer games.3 . must 与 have to 用法1) 一般情况下，两者可互换。must = have tOo2) must"必须，应该”，表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。(内在原 因)have t。"必须，不得不”，强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。(外界 原因)1.In China, many students feel stressed because of too much homework.Don't worry. Our government has realized this problem. Tm sure therebe good news for them soon.A. can B. must C. should D. need【解析】句意：在中国，很多学生因为太多作业而感到压力很大。不要担忧。 我们的政府已经意识到了这个问题。我相信很快就会有好消息给他们。can能，会;must 一定;必须;should应该;need需要。根据句中"I'm sure”表示"我确信"可知,说话人对 此非常有把握，must语气最强，符合语境。应选B。2. You be able to control all the things that happen to you, but youcan decide not to be reduced by them.A. need not B. may not C. must not D. should not【解析】句意：你 控制发生在你身上的所有事情，但你可以决定不被它们拖累。need not不需要;may not可能不;must not禁止，不能;should not不应该。根 据句中“but you can decide not to be reduced by them”可知，此处使用 may not,表示推 测，意为“你可能无法控制发生在你身上的所有事情”。应选瓦3. Allen, shall we go to the bookstore this afternoon?一I'm sorry, David, but I meet my cousin at the train station.A. have to B. can C. may D. could【解析】句意：一一艾伦，我们今天下午去书店么？大卫，不好意思，我【解析】句意：根据交通法，12岁以下的儿童 在路上骑自行车。won,t将不会;wouldn't将不会;needn't不必;mustn't不允许。根据“children under 12”可知，用 mustn,t表示不允许。应选D。7. 一China is going to use Al to protect the Great Wall.Great! Al is so helpful that people use it in their daily life now.A. must B. can C. shall D. have to【解析】句意：中国计划用人工智能来保护长城。真棒！人工智能如此有帮 助，以至于人们如今在日常生活中 使用。must必须;can能够;shall将;haveto不得不。根据前文'Al is s。helpful”可知，此处表示'能够在日常生活中使用”。应选B。8. I be late, so don't wait for me to start the meeting.A. mustn'tB. needn't C. need D. may【解析】句意：我 遽到了，因此不要等我开会吧。mustn't禁止;needn't没必要;need 需要;may 可能。根据“so don't wait for me to start the meeting”可知，此处表 示不确定推测，用may表示“可能”。应选D。9. Children be told not to swim alone in the river.A. can B. may C. must D. might【解析】句意：孩子们 被告诉不要一个人在河里游泳。can能够;may可能;must必须;might可能。分析句意可知，孩子们必须被告诉不要一个人在河里游泳，此 处应用情态动词must。应选C。10.一Mom, I watch TV tonight?Sure, but you finish your homework first.A. can; mustn5t B. may; could C. may; can't D. can; must【解析】句意：妈妈，我今晚 看电视吗？ 当然，但是你OK, but I have to fold the clothes first.A. Must B. Should C. Could D. May【解析】句意：你 带狗去上班吗？ 好的，但我得先把衣服叠好。Must必须、一定;Should应该;Could能、能够，can的过去式，也可以表示委婉语气;May 可以。根据下文“OK, but I have to fold the clothes价st”可知，上文是问“你能带狗去上班 吗？ ”要填could,表示委婉语气，其他选项语意不通。应选C。去火车站接我的表弟。have to不得不;can能;may可能;could是can的过去式,能。根据“meet my cousin at the train station”可知，此处表达的是“不得不”,用have tOo 应选 A。4. You are not allowed to play with fire in the forest. It kill plants,animals and even people.A. might B. might not C. should D. should not【解析】句意：不准在森林里玩火。它 杀死植物、动物甚至人类。might可能，表示推测;might not可能不，表示推测;should应该，表示建议;should not不 应该，表示建议。根据"You are not allowed to play w止h fire in the forest”可知，在森林里 不可以玩火，因此推测可能会杀死植物、动物或人。应选A。5. Is this book Linda's? It be hers. Sandy's name is on thecover.A. can't B. mustn* * * 4 5 6t C. needn't【解析】句意： 这本书是琳达的么？ 一 是她的，桑迪的名字在封面上。can't 不可能;mustn't 禁止;needn't 没必要。根据“Sandy's name is on the cover" 可知，此处表达的是否认的推测，用can't表示“不可能”。应选A。6. According to the traffic law, children under 12 ride bicycles on theroad.A. won't B. wouldn't C. needn't D. mustn5t 先完成作业。can可以，may可以，两者都可以引导一般疑问句表示请 求。mustn't表禁止;could能够;can't不能;must必须。根据语境可知，妈妈表示必须先完 成作业才能看电视，故第二空格处应用情态动词must表必须。综上所述，D选项两空均正 确。应选D。11._you please take the dog for work?
