中考英语语法复习动词时态语法专项讲义.docx

动词时态知识清单：英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时, 以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。体态方式时间一般进行完成完成进行现在do; doesam/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doing过去didwas/were doinghad donehad been doing将来will dowill be doingwill have donewill have been doing过去将来would dowould be doingwould have donewould have been doing般时态(simple tense).一般现在时(do/does/am/is/are)用法：A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。例：She is a student.B)经常性、习惯性动作。常与表频率的词连用：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never, every day, once a year 等。彳列：He always helps others.【注意工区分频率副词C）客观事实和普遍真理。alwaysusuallyoftensometimeshardlynever百分比100%70%50%20%5%0彳列： The earth turns around the sun.D）表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、 停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常 见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。彳列： The next train leaves at 3 o,clock this afternoon.下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。How often does this shuttle bus run?这班车多久一趟？E）在时间状语从句（when）和条件状语从句（if）里经常用一般现在（有时也用 现在完成时）表示将来事情。句中有时会出现“as soon as”，此时句子也用一般现 在时。例： When I am free, I will go on a date.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the film.I will phone you as soon as I get the tickets to the art exhibition.1 . 一 般过去时（did/was/were）用法：A）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例：She arrived in Shanghai an hour ago.他一小时前到达上海。B）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作例：When I was young, I often made a noise.我小的时候经常吵闹。2 .一般将来时用法：A） 一般将来时表示在将来的某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。由“助动词 shall/will + do/be”构成的。例：We won't be free this afternoon.今天下午我们没空。【注意工 在书面语中，主语是第一人称I或We时，常用助动词shall + do/be： I shall be there soon.我不久就到那。表示“带愿意色彩的将来”时，常用will例：I will tell you all about it.我将把全部情况告诉你。B)其他表示将来时的结构：(1) be going to + do表示按计划、安排发生的例：Fm going to learn a foreign language.我准备学一门夕卜语。表示按某种迹象发生例：It's going to rain this afternoon.今天下午要下雨。(2) “be to + do”表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。例：The boy is to go to school tomorrow.男孩明天要去上学。Are we to go on with this work?我们要继续这项工作吗？(3) “be about to + do”表示即将发生的动作，常与when连用,不加具体时间。例：I was about to go to school when it began to rain.我正要去学校时开始下雨了。3 .过去将来时用法：A)由“should/would + do/be”构成。例：We should ask for the teachefs help.我们应该寻求老师的帮助。B)由“was/were + going to do”构成。例：She said she was going to see him.她说她准备下午去看他。二、进行时态(continuous tense).现在进行时(am/is/are + doing)用法：A)表示现在正在进行的动作。例：We are waiting for the bus.我们正在等车。B)表示当前一段时间的活动或现阶段进行的动作。例：They are working in a factory these day.他们这几天正在工厂劳动。C)有些动词(如come/go/leave/arrive/begin/start)现在进行时可表将要发生的动 作，一般跟时间状语。例：Mary is coming back from Beijing.玛丽就要从北京回来了。【巧i己工 当题中看至listen!, look!, right now, while, now, these days, at the moment 等词语时，用现在进行时。1 .过去进行时(was/were + doing)用法：A)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作例：What were you doing at ten last night?昨晚十点钟你在干什么？B)表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作：例：She was cooking when I came in.我进来时她正在做饭。三、完成时态(perfect tense).现在完成时(have/has done)用法：A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。彳列：I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.B)表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下 去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加 一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。彳列：So far, many of his ideas have been challenged.将非延续性动词(瞬间动词)转化为延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe onfinishbe overjoinbe inleavebe awaydiebe deadC）表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose 等。例：John has broken his left leg.约翰摔断了左腿.【巧t己】：当题中看至'already 9yet? so far, in the last/past.9 before, ever, never, since” 等词时，用现在完成时。【注意】：A.现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：是动 态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与 现在没有联系。彳列：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.他曾经在那家医院工作了 8年。He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.他已经在那家医院里工作了 8年。（表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现 在，现在仍在那家医院工作。）B.因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有 动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续）My sister has married since she was 5 years.（瞬间动词）C.在“this is the first/ second/ third. time that.”句型里要求用完成时。例： This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。D.句型“It is/ has beensince”所使用的两种时态都正确。例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.从我上次见到他以来已经 10 年了。 E.“has/have been+地点”表示已经去了，并且现在回来了。“has/have gone to+地点” 表示到了、或在路上例：They have been to Beijing.现在已经不再北京They have gone to Beijing.在去北京的路上或刚到那2 .现在完成进行时(has/have been doing)表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，有可能继续或停止。例：She has been learning English for 6 years.他已经学习英语六年了.过去完成时(had been/ done)用法：表示发生在过去某一时间之前的动作，即“过去的过去”。例：She knew she had met him before.他知道她以前见过他。