2020年12月英语四级真题第3套.docx

2020年12月大学英语四级考试真题（三）Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)Directions For this part, )OU are allowed 30 miiutes to write on the topic Dlanges in the Wayofi Communication. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Listening Comgrehension (25 minutes)Yilffl IBG 2020 12Btmfll9i'it9rffl;ft9TWi0inJ1r*ltl!iniJllli'Wi0ffllft,.RFVMM¥Part S Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) ection ADirections In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one weira for each blank " . a lilt ofchoices given in a 'WOTd bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making )OUT choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the rorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the 怆nfc in the bank more than mceThe things people make, and the way they make them, determine how cities grow and decline, and influence how empires rise and fall. So, any disruption to the world's factories 26. Ad thatdisruption is surely coming. Factories are being digitised, filled with new sensors and new computers to make them quicker, more 27, and more efficient.Robots are breaking free from the cages that surround them, learning new skills and new ways of working. And 3D printers have long a world where you can make anything, anywhere, from acoaputerised design. .That vision iscser to reality. These forces will lead to cleaner factories,producing better goods at lower prices, personalised to our individual needs and desires.1 Humans will be30 many of the, dirty, repetitive, and dangerous jobs that have long been a _l_! of factory life.一Greater efficiencymeans fewer people can do the same work. Yetfaciory bosses in manydeveloped countries are worried about a lack of skilled human workers-and see 33 and robots as a sotution. But eq/iomist Helena Leu rent says this period of rapid change in manufacturing is a34opportunity tomaketheworlda better place. "Manufacturing istheonesystemwhereyouhavegotthe biggest sourceof innovation, thebiggestsourceofeconomicgrowth,andthebiggestsourceofgreatjobsin tffiepast. You can see it changing. That's an opportunity to35 that system differently, and if wecan, it will hdve tremendous significance."A) automationF) featureK) mattersB) concernsG) flexibleL) movingC) enormouslyH) inevitably.M) promisedD) fantasticI) interactionN)shapeE) fascinatedJ) leaning0) sparedlm! 2020¥ 12 47Section BDirections In this section,)ouare going to read a passage with ten statements attaclupl to it. Each statement contain/ information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markea with a letter; Answer the questions by marking the correspmding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Hist ary of the Lmch BoxA) Kwas made of shiny, bright pink plastic with a Little MeRMaid sticker on the front, and I carried it with me nearly every single day. My lunch box was one of my first prized possessions, a proud statement to everyone in my kindergarten "I love Mermaid-Ariel on myVunch box.nThat bulky container served me well through my first and second grades, until the live-action version of 101 DalmafiaNS hit theaters, and I needed the newest red plastic box with characters like Pongo and Perdita on the front. I know I'm not alone here-I bet you loved your first lunch box, too.B) Lunch boxes have been connecting kids to cartoons and TV shows and super-heroes tor decades. But it wasn't always that way. Once upon a time, they weren't even boxes. As schools have changed in the past century, the midday meal container has evolved right along with them.C) Let's start b,ack at the begj nning of the 20th centurj-the beginning of the lunch box story, really. While there were neighborffiood schools in cities and suburbs, one-room scffioolhouses were common in rural areas. As grandparents have been saying for generations, kids would travel miles to school in the countryside (often on foot).D) nYou had kids in rural areas who couldn't go home from school for tunch, so bringing your lunch wrapped in a cloth q in oiled paper, in a little wooden box or something liZe that was a .veiy longstanding rural tradition/' says Paula Johnson, *head offiood history section at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington, D. C.E) City kids, on the other hand, went home for lunch and came back. Since they rarely carried a meal, the few metal lunch buckets on the market were mainly for tradesmen and factory workers.F) After World War II, a bunch of changes reshaped school0and lunches. More women joined the workforcec Small schools cnsolidated into larger ones, meaning more students were farther away from home. And the National School Lunch Act in 1946 made cafeterias much 'more common. Still, there wasn't much of a market for lunch containers-yet. Students who carried their tunch often did so in a re-purposed bucket or tin of soe kind.H)(And then Everything changed intheyearof 1950. You mightaswellcallit.theYearoftheLundi Box, thanks in -large part to a genius move by a Nashville-based manufacturer, Aladdin Industries. The company already made square metal meal containers, the Uind workers carried, and %<ne had started to show up in the hands of scffiool kids.I) But these containers were really durable, lasting years on end. That was great for the consuMer, not so much for the manufacturer. So executives at Aladdin hitonan idea that would harness the newfound popularity of television. They covered tunch boxes with striking red paint and added a picture of TV and radio cowboy Hopalong Cassidy on the front.J) The company sold 600,000 units the first year. Itwasamj r "Ah-ha!'1 moment, anda wave of other manufacturers jUMped on board to capitalize on new TV shows and movies. "The Partridge Family, 西Ji.2020&¥12JJ 48the Addams ffiamily, the Six Million Dollar Manf the Bionic Woman-everything that was on television ended up on a lunch box," says Allen Woodall. He's the founder of the Lunch Box ffiuseum in Cfumbus, Georgia. "It was a great marketing tool because kids were taking that TV show to school with them, and then when they got home they had them captured back on TV," he says.K) And yesz y oread that right There is a lunch box museum, right near the Chattahoochee River. Woodall has more than 2,000 items on display. His favorite? The Green. Hornet lunch boxz because he used to listen to the radio show back in the 1940s.L) The new trend was also a great example of planned obsolescence, that isz to design a product so that it will soon become unfashionable or impossible to use and will need replacing. Kids would beg for a new lunch box every year to keep up with the newest characters, even if their old lunch box was perfectly_ .usable.M)The metal lunch box craze lasted until the mid-1980s, when plastic took over. Two theories exist as to why. The first-and most likely-is that plaitic had simply become cheaper. The second theory- possibly an urban myth-is that concerned parents in several states proposed bans on metal lunch boxes, claiming kids were using them as "weapons" to hit one another. There's a lot on the internet about a state-wide ban in Florida, but a few days worth of digging by a historian at the Florida State Historical Society found no such legislation. Either way, the metal lunch box was out.N) The last few decades have brought a new lunch box revolution, of sorts. Plastic boxes changed to lined cloth sacks, and eventually, globalism brought tiffin containers from India and bento boxes from Japan. Even the old metal lunch boxes have regained popularity. "Idon'tthinkthe/?0(/m (JI,ezJ-JIJ) has passed/ says D. J. Jayasekaraz owner and founder of lunchbox, com； a retailer in Pasadena, California. "I think it has evolved. The days ofthe ready-made,' you stick it in a lunch box and carry it to school' are kind of done."The introduction of backpacks changed the trunch box scene a bit, he adds. Once kids started carrying book bags, that bulky traditional tun;h box was hard to fit inside. "But you can'tjust throw a sandwich in a backpack/' Jayasekara says. "It still has to go into a ntainer."That is, in part, whysmallerand softer containers have taken off-they fit into backpacks.O) And don't worry-whether it's a plastic bento box or a cloth bag, lunch containers can still easily be covered with popular culture." We keep pace with the movie industries so we can predict which characters are going to be popular for the qfiing months/ Jayasekara says. "You know, kids are kids."36. Lunch containers were not necessary for school kids in cities.37. Putting TV characters on lunch boxes proved an effective marketing strategy.38. Smaller lunch boxes are preferred because they fit easily. into backpacks.39. Lunch boxes have evolved along with the traniformation of schools.40. Around the beginning ofthe nineteen fifties, some school kids started to use metal meal containers.41. School kids are eager to get a new lunch box every year to stay in fashion.42. Rural kids used to walka long wayto school in the old days.43. The author was proud of using a lunch box in her childhood.44. The most probable reason for the popularity of plastic lunch boxes is that they are less expensive.45. The durability of metal meal containers benefited consumers.。2020。12n 49Section C；Directi ons There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markea A), B), C)andD). You should decide on the best choice and maik the coiresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the fiollowing pas.gge.Agrowing number of U.S. bike riders are attracted to electric bikes for convenience, health benefits and their fun factor. Although ebikes first appeared in the 90s, cheaper options and longer-lasting batteries are breathing new, life into the concept.Established bike companies and startups are embracing ebikes to meet demand. About 34 million ebikes were sold worldwide last year, according to data from eCycleElectric Consultants. Most were sold in Europe and China, where the bikes already have exploded in popularity. Recently, the U. S. market has grown to 263,000 bikes, a 25% gain from the prior year.The industry is benefiting from improved batteries as suppliers over the yeacs developed technology for laptops, smartphones and electric cars. In 2004, the price of batteries used on ebikes fell, spurring European sales.But lower st options ai'e emerging, too. This month, three U. S. bikeshare companies, Motivate, LimeBike and Spin, announced electric bicycles will be added to theirfleets. New York-based (Jump Bikes is already operating an electric bikeshare in Washington, D. C,and is launching in San Francisco Thursday. Rides cost $ 2 for 30 minutes.The system works like existing dockless bikeshare systems, where riders unlock bikes through a smartphone app. "This is the beginning of a long-term shift away from regular pedal (1$)to electric bikes," said Jump Bikes SO Ryan Rzepecki. "When peoplefirstjumponanebike, theirface lights up. Its exciting and joyt'ul in a way tffiat you don't get from a regular bike."Two years ago, CEO Chris Cocalis of Pivot Cycles, which sells high-end 的 untain bikes, found that U.S. bike shops weren't interested in stocking ebikes. Some retailers warned Cocalis that they'd drop the brand if it came out with an electric bike.Now that sales are taking off, the vast majority of bike dealers are asking Cocalis when he'll make an ebike available. -"There's tremendous opportunity to get a generation ofp%ple foi whom sutfering_isn't their thing/' Cocalis said. "Ebike riders get the enjoyable part ofcycliig without the massive suffering of climbing huge hills."46. What do we learn from the passage about ebikes?A) Their health benefits and fun values outweigh their cost.B) They did not catch public atte睢i n in the United States until the-1990s.C) They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.D) Their widespread use is attributable to people's pvir nmental awareness., 47. What brought about the boost in ebike sales in Europe at the beginning of the century?A) Updated technology of bike manufacture.B) The falling prices of ebike batteries.C) Changed fashion in shorfi-distancetravel.D) The rising costs for making electric cars.ImQ 2020 Q12 ,U 5048. What is the prospect of the bike industry according to Ryan Rzepecki?A) More will be invested in bike battery research.B) The sales of ebikes will increase.C) It will profit from ebike sharing.D) It will make a difference in people's daily lives.49. What prevented Chris Cocalis from developing ebikes sooner?A) Retailers' refusal to deal in ebikes.B) High profits from conventional bikes.C) Users' concern about risks of ebike riding.D) His fiocus on selling costly mountain bikes.50. What makes Chris Cocalis believe there is a greater opportunity for ebike sales?A) The further lowering of ebike prices.B) The public's concern fortheir health.C) The increasing interest in mountain climbing.D) The younger generation's pursuit of comfortable riding.Passage lvoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the Hollowing p;mage.The terms "global warming" and "climate change" are used by many, seemingly interchangeably. But do they really mean the same thing?Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans continue to alter the planet. Later, political strategists adopted the terms to inft'uence public opinion.In 1975, geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term "climate change11* in an article published by Science. In 1979, a National Academy of Sciences report used the term "global warming" to define increases in the Earth's average surface temperature, while" climate change" more broadly referred to the numerous effects of this increase, such as sea-level rise and ocean acid Ucation (it优).During the following decades, some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt in the minds of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use, deforestation and other human activities to influence the planet's climate.Word use played a critical role in developing that doubt. For example, the language and polls exgert Frank Luntz wrote a memo encouraging the use of "climate change" because the phrase sounded less scary than "global warming," reported the Guardian.However, Luntz's recommendation wasn't necessary. A Google NgMBwechart shows that by 1993 climate change was already more commonly used in books tffian global warming. By the end of the nex