高考英语一轮复习被动语态讲义.docx
高考被动语态讲义、构成助动词be+过去分词done时态结构一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+donef过去时的被动语态was/were+done一般将来时的被动语态will be+done;am/is/are going to be+done过去将来时的被动语态Would be + done;Was/were going to be +done现在进行时的被动语态Am/is/are being +done过去进行时的被动语态was/were being + done现在完成时的被动语态have/have been + done过去完成时的被动语态had been + done含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+done二、使用1 .不知道或没必要指明动作的执行者时(不带by短语)A meeting(hold) in the office at 7:00 tomorrow evening.2 .动作的执行者被较长的修饰语修饰时(出于行文需要)The window(break) by the boy who lives next door.3 .强调或突出动作的承受者时The injured(take) to hospital三、不能使用被动语态的几种情况.不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态，如 happen, occur, fail, remain,spread, take place, break out, come true 等。The disease(spread) easily.1 .表示状态的动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如benefit, fit, lack, contain, join, last, arrive at/in,agree with, look like, consist of, suffer from, succeed in 等。This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.2 .表示归属的动词(短语)不用于被动语态，如have, own, belong to等The red pen(belong) to me.3 .宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，谓语动词用主动语态，不用被动语态We often(help) each other.四、其他表示被动含义的结构1 .某些由及物动词转化来的不及物动词常和副词well, easily, smoothly连用，用主动结构表 示被动含义。如 read, write, clean, wash, sell, act 等。This sweater(sell) well.2 .“系动词+形容词”结构表示被动含义某些系动词，如feel, prove, smell, taste, sound等加上形容词，用主动语态表示被动含义。 His explanation(sound) reasonable to me.3,"动词need+doing结构表被动动词 need, require, want, deserve, be worth后接 v-ing, 主动结构表示被动含义 The idea is well worth(consider).4 .非谓语动词(短语)表示被动含义有些非谓语动词可以主动形式出现，表示被动含义。如bet。blame等Which driver was to blame for the accident?5 .介词短语表示被动含义某些介词短语也可以表示被动含义。如under discussion, under consideration, on sale等。 The problem is still under discussion.五、被动形式表主动含义1 .某些“动词+反身代词”结构在变成被动结构时表示主动意义。如devote, seat, dress, amuse, lose, prepare, concern 等She devoted herself to her career. = She was devoted to her career.2 .某些动词的过去分词如gone, fallen, retired等表示主动含义 Winter is gone and spring is coming.六、主动语态变被动语态易错点1 .双宾语结构中，变为被动语态时分为两种情况：转化为to型的结构和转化为for型的结构 Give, send, take等常带有两个宾语，主动语态变被动语态时，可以将其中任何一个宾语 改为主语，另一个保存不动。假设将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语、那么原来的间接宾语前通常 加tOoJack sent Mary a postcard.(变为被动语态)Mary(send) a postcard by Jack.A postcard(send) to Mary by Jack.Buy, make, find等常带有两个宾语，变为被动语态时，通常将直接宾语变为被动语态中 的主语，原来的间接宾语前通常加for。间接宾语不可作主语。He bought me a new coat.(变为被动语态)A new coat(buy) for me by him.2 .“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构变被动句时，主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为 主语补足语。His mother allows him to watch TV in the evening.He(allow) to watch TV by his mother in the evening.3 .省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,在变为被动句时要加上to,如make, let, hear, watch, see, feel, notice, help, observe 等。The made me repeat the whole story.I(make ) to repeat the whole story.4 .动词短语变被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不可遗漏。The robbery is being looked into by the police.
