语法填空题命题分析及解题技巧 讲义--2023届高考英语复习备考.docx

语法照题趣分析H解题明义一、命题分析语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，局部空白的 后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1个 单词）或所提供单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。共有10个小题，分值 15分。旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况，着重考查考 生的综合语言运用能力，表达了语言测试的交际性原那么。其考查形式分为给出 提示词和不给出提示词两种。1 .给出提示词的考查内容包括：词性转换（如名词、动词、形容词与副词等 的词性转换）；名词单、复数变化；形容词和副词的比拟等级变化；动词的时 态、语态以及非谓语动词等。2 .不给出提示词的考查内容包括：根据上下文语境填入冠词、副词、连词、 代词及介词等。二、解题步骤（一）通读全文，把握大意解题之前，我们首先应通读全文，了解大意。这一步很重要，因为一些空格 是要通过对全文结构的整体把握来确定正确答案的。此外，谓语动词也必须在 把握动作发生的时间后才能确定其时态。（二）结合语境，试填空格读懂材料以后，要结合所提供的特定语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析 设空处所缺单词的意思及词性，从上下文的逻辑及搭配的关系去确定所给提示 词在文章中的正确形式。（三）再读全文，验证复查在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大局部空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难 题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍，纠正之 前错误，最后确定正确答案。三、解题技巧【考例 44】Just be 70 (patience).解析：patiento系动词be后接形容词构成系表结构4.修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词形式。考例 45 The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.解析：officiallyo修饰动词要用副词。考例 46 17 (lucky) , he also had a cow which produced milk every day.解析：Luckilyo修饰整个句子要用副词。【考例 47】He must be 20 (mental) disabled.解析：mentallyo修饰形容词disabled,要用副词。5 .形容词和副词还要看是否有比拟等级的变化，即用原级、比拟级还是最 高级。【考例 48 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识另U) those of 61 (great) and less importance.解析：greatero空格处与比拟级less是并列关系。【考例 49 Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was 32 (nice) gift I'd ever received, and I was from a complete stranger. 解析：the nicesto根据定语从句“Id ever received”可知，空格处应用最高 级形式。6 .作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语时，前面可能有形容词修饰，一般 用名词形式。【考例 50 Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve).解析：achievemento介词of后接名词形式作宾语。【考例 51 Any smell might attract natural 65 (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.解析：enemieso动词后接名词形式作宾语，此处natural enemies“天敌”,应用复数形式。7 .在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者“冠词(+形容词)”后，常用名词形 式。【考例 52 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks.解析：developmento 冠词 the 后接名词，the+名词+of.意为“的工【考例 53 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63(able) to uair condition“ a house withoutusing electric equipment.解析：abilityo形容词性物主代词their后接名词。8 .当确定所填的词是名词时，要考虑该名词是可数还是不可数，假设是可数 名词，要注意单、复数形式。【考例 54 The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum she never suspects.解析：dayso few修饰复数名词。9 .代词可能涉及人称代词的主格与宾格、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主 代词以及反身代词之间的转换。【考例 55 On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother.解析：its。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，此处指代前面的twin,故用itso【考例 56 Then the driver stoop up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ? ” A woman on the bus shouted, uOh dear ! It is 69 (I);解析：me /mine。此处可理解为“丢行李箱的人是我”或者“那个行李箱是我的”。10 .括号中所给词是动词，也有可能是考查词类转换，涉及动词与名词、形 容词或副词之间的转换。【考例 57 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top61 (attract).解析：attractiono形容词top后面跟名词形式。【考例 58 When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22 (surprise) helpful.解析：surprisingly0副词surprisingly在句中作状语，修饰形容词helpful。【考例 59】But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.解析：choiceo形容词性物主代词her修饰名词。11 .固定搭配或常用句型。【考例 60 It could be anything -gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 70 (make) sure ifs a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.解析：makeo祈使句以动词原形开头。【考例 61 It took years of work 65(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析：to reduce。it takes +时间+ to do something“花多少时间做某事”。【考例 62 Apparently, I had difficulty 31 (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight.解析：adaptingo have difficulty (in) doing something“做某事有困难”。12 .根据句子意思及前后文逻辑关系，括号中所给词有可能是考查词类转换, 并兼顾考查其意义相反的派生词，即需要加具有否认意义的前缀dis-, im-, -ir, non-, un等，或后缀-less等，这一点虽然目前高考没有涉及，但最容易忽略， 需要同学们留意。【考例 63Most people work because it is(avoid). By contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.解析：unavoidable。根据后文“相比之下，有一些人真的享受工作”可知，前 文内容是大多数人工作是因为工作是不可防止的”，故填形容词unavoidable作 表语。【考例 64He walked in the street(aim), not knowing where to go.解析：aimlessly。根据后文“不知该往何处去”可知，前文内容是“他在街上漫 无目的地走”，故填副词aimlessly修饰动词。【考例 65Although the life detector has many(advantage), it is still of much help to our rescue.解析：disadvantageso根据后文它依然对营救工作有很大帮助”可知，前文 内容是“虽然生命探测器有许多缺点”，故填名词复数disadvantages作宾语。（一）不给出提示词填空题的解题技巧这种考查形式主要考查考生对语篇的理解和逻辑关系的把握情况以及对习 语和常见句式的掌握程度。考查的内容主要涉及连词、冠词、介词、代词、情 态动词、复合句和特殊句式等。由于没有提示词，因此需要考生根据短文大意 和上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析和理解等来确定空格处在句中 的功能，界定其词性，进而明确其意义，最后确定其正确形式。1 .如果句子缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。【考例 1 Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of 37 , and yet find it impossible to say no?解析：youo主句的主语是you,所以宾语从句中仍然使用宾格you作为介 词of的宾语。【考例 2 When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop ignoring me, he says, uln a minute, 5, but still checks to see if 38 has posted something new on the internet.解析：someone/somebody0宾语从句中缺主语，根据句意可知应填 someone/somebody。2 .名词前面假设没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很 可能填限定词。【考例 3】The adobe dwellings （土坯房）built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers.解析：the。形容词最高级前加the。【考例 4 Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 16farm, which looked almost abandoned.解析：a。farm在文中是第一次出现，且表示泛指。3 .如果句子不缺主语、表语或宾语，在名词或代词前面一般填介词。【考例 5】In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _50 their hands.解析：witho w计h+表示具体工具的名词，意为“用【考例 6 The mother continued to care for the young panda 67 more than two years.解析：for0此处for表示时间的长短。4 .假设两个或两个以上单词或短语之间没有连词，那么可能填连词。【考例 7 In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.解析：ando此处列举了一些亚洲国家，它们之间是并列关系。考例 8 But the river wasn't changed in a few days 64 even a few months.解析：or。此处表示选择关系，指那条河流没有在几天内或几个月内发生 改变。5 .假设两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号、破折号或句号，一般填并列连 词或附属连词。（1）并列句【考例 9】It was time for her to have a new baby, 70 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.解析：ando此处两个分句之间为并列关系，故使用and。（2）名词性从句【考例 10】Eventually, I decided to follow her and _26 happened truly amazed me.解析：whato连接代词what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。考例 11 He's so addicted to it that he just can,t stand the idea 34 there may be an important text.解析：thato连接词that引导同位语从句，且在从句中不作成分。【考例 12】I didn't understand 20 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.解析：why。连接副词why引导宾语从句并在从句中作状语表示原因。（3）定语从句考例 13 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析:when。先行词the mid-1980s指时间且定语从句中不缺少主干成分, 缺少状语，故用关系副词when来引导。【考例 14 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.解析：who0先行词Confucius （孔子）指人，非限制性定语从句中缺少主 语，故填who。【考例 15】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.解析：that/whicho此题中定语从句的先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语， 故填 that/whicho（4）状语从句【考例 16】 Overtime, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解析：as/wheno as/when引导时间状语从句。【考例 17】The first parking space I found was convenient, but Id noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. 25 I was in a good mood, I let her have it.解析：As/Because/Sinceo as/because/since 引导原因状语从句。6 .假设句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不 一致或主谓不一致时，那么很可能填情态动词或表示强调或疑问的助动词（do,does, did 等）。【考例 18 Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you 51 always rely just on the Internet for your research.解析：shouldn't。由前文“you should usually consult different types of sources”可知，空格处应填情态动词shouldn't,表示“不应该”。【考例 19 Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”解析：Dido本句为一般疑问句，且全篇文章是一般过去时态，故用do的过 去式。7 .根据特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。（1）根据“it isthat.”强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。【考例 20 But like so many other things, it is only too much stress 34 does you harm.解析：that。考查强调句型，本句强调的是句子主语only too much stresso（2）根据倒装句式判断，是填构成局部倒装条件的。nly, so, neither, never, hardly 等，还是填 do, does, did 等。【考例 21 Not until I returned 32 I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.解析：did, “not until”位于句首时，主句要用局部倒装，且主从句时态保 持一致，故填did。（3）根据it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。【考例 22 Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.解析：it。it作形式主语，替代真正的不定式主语“to choose a suitableChristmas present for her father”。(4)根据习惯用法或固定搭配判断。考例 23 But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析：too考查动词的固定搭配goback to"追溯到工【考例 24】 So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch.解析：as<,考查习惯用法as.as possible"尽可能地8 .根据常识和上下文语境来判断语义和词形。【考例 25】Unbelievable! Oh., if you don5t mind, 111 stop and take a deep 70_.解析：breath。根据上下文语境，Peter认为这样的事情是不可能的，所以 他想深呼吸让自己平静下来。【考例 26 Every kind of communication is important. It is 54 important what kind of call we make or letter we send. What is important is that we let others know we care about them.解析：note根据句意“打何种 ，寄何种信件不重要，重要的是我们要让 对方知道我们在乎他们。”可知，填not。(-)给出提示词填空题的解题技巧。1 .假设句中缺少谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并 列关系时.，所填动词就是谓语动词，需要考虑动词时态、语态以及数的变化。【考例 27 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63_ (be) often acceptable.解析：is。考查主谓一致，单个动名词短语作主语，视为单数。【考例 28】In recent years, stress 33 (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.解析：has been regardedo考查时态和语态，本句的时间状语in recent years常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系， 所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式。2.假设句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所填动词就是非谓语动词。 用动词-ing形式(动名词或现在分词)、ed形式还是不定式形式，确定的方法 主要有以下几种：(1)作宾语，通常用动名词或动词不定式形式。【考例 29】My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.解析：introducing。动词include后接动名词作宾语。【考例 30 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to uair condition“ a house without 64 (use) electric equipment.解析：using。介词without后接动名词作宾语。【考例 31 I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused_66 (stop) until we reached the next stop.解析：to stopo动词refuse后接不定式作宾语。(2)作表语，通常用现在分词或过去分词形式。一些表示心理活动的动词， 用过去分词作表语时，多位于系动词(be, become, feel, get, look, seem 等)之后，表示主语本身(一般为人)“感到的”；用现在分词作表语时，表 示主语(一般为物)“令人.的”。考例 32 Do you find yourself getting impatient or 38_ (annoy) with people over unimportant things?解析：annoyedo空格处和形容词impatient构成并列关系和系动词get构 成系表结构，填annoyed"恼怒的，生气的”，表示你变得生气。【考例 33 For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 18 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.解析：pleased。空格处在系动词feel后构成系表结构，填pleased“高兴的”， 表小Mary感到同兴。(3)作定语，通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。不定式表示 将要发生的动作；现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或 完成的动作。【考例 34 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析：permittedo被修饰名词reporter和permit之间是被动关系，故用过 去分词作定语。【考例 35 For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 64 (eat) !解析：to eato动词不定式作something的后置定语。【考例 36】 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.解析：living。被修饰名词people和live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在 分词作定语。(4)作状语，通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用动词不定式形式。【考例 37 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.解析：to createo动词不定式作R的状语。【考例 38 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day.解析：to cool。"形容词+enough”后接不定式作结果状语。作时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状语，常用分词形式。与逻辑主语是主 动关系，用现在分词；与逻辑主语是被动关系，就用过去分词。【考例 39 People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs (树枝)to remove it.解析：using。use与逻辑主语people之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴 随状语表示主动。【考例 40 31 (shock) , I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.解析：Shocked。shock与逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状 语表示被动。(5)作补语，通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。不定式表示 动作的全过程；现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完 成的动作。【考例 41 As I back into my car, I saw the same lady 28 (look) in at me.解析：lookingo空格处作感官动词see的宾补，根据“同一位女士看着我” 可知，应用现在分词looking表示主动或正在进行的动作。【考例 42】While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the v川age was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.解析：settledo空格处作使役动词get的宾补，根据“我是被她安置在房间 里”，故用过去分词表示被动的动作。3,作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或补语(表示性质或状态)， 通常用形容词形式。【考例 43 Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 63 (care) mother.解析：caAng或carefulo修饰名词mother应用形容词。