【中考英语教学精创】牛津译林版中考复习语法 直接引语和间接引语.docx
直接引语和间接引语在英语中直接引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语。 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。当直接引语转变为间接引语时，句中的人称、时态、指示代词、 时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。直接引语间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时cancouldmaymightmusthad to指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week/monththat week/monthyesterdaythe day beforelast week/monththe week/month beforethree days agothree days beforetomorrowthe next/following daynext weekthe next/following week地点状语herethere动词comegobringtake间接宾语大多数都是宾语从句，宾语从句变化规那么：主现从不限,（主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据实际情况运用任何时态）。主过 从四过（即主句是一般过去时，从句要用4种相应的过去时态：一般 过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。以上变化应根据 实际情况而定，以下3种情况不需要变化。1 .直接引语有确定的过去时间时，时态不需要变化。Eg:Jim said, “The story took place in 1890s.”一Jim said that the story took place in 1890s.2 .当地、当时转述时,here, this, that不用变。当天转述yesterday, tomorrow等不变。Eg:一He said , 'T 11 take this book. ”-一What did he say just now ?>He said he would take this book .3 .直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时时态不变。Eg:The teacher told us , “Light travels much faster than sound. ” 一The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.一.人称的变化。“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不变动:“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称转变为与主句的主语相一致的 人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称转变为和主句的宾语相一致的 人称。“第三人称不变动”即直接引语中的第三人称转变为间接引语时人称 不变。Eg:He said, “I like English very much. ”He said that he liked English very much. （一随主）He said to Silly , “How is your father now?”一He asked Silly how her father was then.（二随宾）Mr Wang said , “Mary is a good student. ”一Mr Wang said Mary was a good student.（第三人称不变动）二.各种直接引语转变成间接引语的方法1 .直接引语为陈述句间接引语由that引导的宾语从句，that常省略，引述动词主要 有 explain, think, believe, answer, reply, suggest, advise say, repeat 等等.Eg:My mother said , m going to go shopping. ”一My mother said she was going to go shopping.2 .直接引语为一般疑问句间接引语那么要用if/whether引导的宾语从句，并将原来的疑问 句语序变为陈述性语序。引述动词常用的有want to know, be not sure, be puzzled , ask, wonder , don't know 等等。Eg:The teacher asked me , “Do you like English?”一The teacher asked me if/whether 1 like English.3 .直接引语为特殊疑问句时间接引语那么是用原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句，并将原来的疑问 句语序变成陈述性的语序。Eg:He asked me, “Which subject do you like best?”一He asked me which subject 1 liked best.4 .直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句时，那么间接引语不再是一个宾语从句。而是需 要将祈结句中的谓语动词变成不定式。作宾语补足语。否认句需要在 不定式前加上not o引述动词有say改成order, beg, warn, advise, ask, tell 等等。Eg:The teacher said, “keep quiet in class. ”>The teacher told us to keep quiet in class.The officer said to the soldier, "Don' t stay here.”>The officer ordered the soldier not to stay here. 有的祈使句表示建议。那么改成“suggest/ advise that +should+”结构。Eg: “Eat an apple a day to keep healthy. " the doctor said. 一The doctor suggested/advised that we should eat an apple a day to keep healthy. “Let，s ”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，常用 “suggest+doing. ”Eg:She said , "Let' s go shopping.”一She suggested going shopping.
