不定代词用法一览表(共8页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上不定代词用法一览表例 词含义作 用例 句both后接复数名词表示两个人或事物主语Both are teachers. 两个都是教师。宾语The teacher wanted both of us to go.老师要我们两个人都去。定语Both questions are easy.两个问题都很容易。同位语They both did it well.他们两个人都干得不错。注: 1. both与定冠词、指示代词、物主代词连用时，应放在这些词的前面。2. both在否定句中用作主语时，表示部分否定。如： Both of you wont go. 你们两个不需要都走。neither后接单数名词(与both反义)表示两个人或事物都不主语Neither is mine.两个都不是我的。宾语I want neither of the books.那两本书我都不要。定语Neither sentence is correct.两个句子都不对。注: Neither在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Neither在句子中作主语时表示全部否定。如: Neither of you is Japanese.你们两个都不是日本人。You cant eat either of them=You can eat neither of them.either后接单数名词两个人或物中任一个主语Either will be all right.两个中哪一个都行。宾语He looked at the two pens, but didnt buy either(=bought neither).他看了两支笔，但一支也没有买。定语You may take either book (=take one of the two books).=You cant take both of the two books.两本书你可以任选一本。all最少表示三个以上(肯定)主语All of them are workers.他们都是工人。宾语The teacher asked us all about the matter.老师问了我们所有的事。表语Thats all for today.今天就到这。定语All men are mortal.人总是要死的。状语He was all covered with mud.他浑身是泥。同位语They all came here.他们都到了。注: 1. all与定冠词、指示代词、物主代词连用时要放在它们的前面。如: Do you see all the birds in the tree?你看到树上所有的鸟吗？ 2. all用作状语时，应放在实义动词之前，助动词之后。如：The books were all sold out.所有的书都卖完了。 3. not与all连用时表示部分否定。none(与all反义，与no one, not any同义)最少表示三个(否定)主语None of them have come back yet.他们一个都还没有回来。宾语She chose none but the best.她只挑了最好的东西。表语Its none of your business.没你的事。同位语We none of us send anything to our teacher.我们谁也没有给老师送东西。 none用在表示最少三个以上的否定。None指不可数名词时，其谓语用单数;指可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。一般来说，从整体上来看，应用复数。例如：None of the money is mine. 这些钱都不是我的。None of the answers is(are) correct. 这些答案都不对。manymuchmany+可数名词，much+不可数名词主语Did many oppose it? 有许多人反对它吗？There is much milk in my cup. And there is not much in yours.我的杯里有许多奶，而你的杯里没有多少了。宾语I have as many as my sister has. 我和妹妹拥有的一样多。Eat as much as you like. 你尽量地吃吧。定语We have many friends. 我们有许多朋友。There is much water left.还剩下许多水。someanysome用于肯定句，any用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。主语Some of us were late for school.我们中有些人上学迟到了。宾语I want to eat some of the cakes.我想吃些蛋糕。定语I have some questions to ask. 我有些问题要问。Do you have any questions to ask? 你还有问题要问吗？注: some有时可以用于表示“请求”的疑问句中，例如： Will you please give me some tea? 给我来些茶好吗？fewa few修饰可数名词。a few表示肯定，few表示否定。主语Few of us study English. 我们中很少有人学习英语。A few of the girls are tall. 女孩中有几个个子高。宾语We have few of books. 我们几乎没有书。定语He is a man of few words. 他是个沉默寡言的人。littlea little修饰不可数名词。a little表示肯定，little表示否定。主语There is little left. 所剩无几。宾语He has done little for us. 他很少为我们做事。定语I have a little money with me. 我身上带着一点钱。eacheveryone(each指两个以上，every指三个以上)Each强调个性，every强调共性，one表示某个主语Each has his own work. 每个人都有自己的工作。One must do ones duty. 人尽其量。宾语We must help each of the students. 我们必须帮助每位同学。定语Every one of us must study hard.我们中每位都必须努力学习。同位语They each had beautiful cars.他们每人都有一辆漂亮的小车。注: 1. one的所有格为ones;反身代词是oneself;复数形式是ones。One前面可用形容词或指示代词修饰，例如: the red one, this one。但不能用形容词性物主代词修饰。例如: my one, his one的表达是错误的。 2. every的后面不能接of短语，而every one, each后面则可以接of短语。otheranotherother表示“两个”之中的另一个; another表示三个以上或不明数量中的另一个。主语I have two rubbers. One is white, the other is red.我有两块橡皮，一块是白色的，一块是红色的。宾语Show me another. 把另一个给我看。定语The other students are playing football. 另外一些同学在踢足球。Would you like another glass of water?你还要喝一杯水吗？each other表示两者之间的“互相”宾语We must learn from each other and help each other.我们必须互相学习，互相帮助。定语We should point out each others shortcoming.我们必须互相指出缺点。one another表示最少三以上的“互相”宾语They talked with one another. 他们互相交谈。They helped one another with English. 他们在英语上互相帮助。注:other相当于名词时，其复数形式为others,其所属格形式为others和others。each other的所属格为each others。one another的所属格为one anothers。不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all，both，each，every，some，any，many，much，（a）few，（a）little，one，ones，either，neither，other，another，no，none以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词（如：anybody，something，no one）。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。但none和由some，any，no，every+thing，-body，-one构成的复合不定代同（如somebody等）只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。（这些词作定语时，有些语法书称之为形容词）下面我们把一些主要的不定代词用法归纳如下：one的用法1.one（一个），可以指人，也可以指物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。One should not praise oneself. 一个人不应炫耀自己。（one作主语和宾语）If one wants to visit the city，one must find ones own guide.如要参观这个城市，得自己找向导。2.one，ones（one的复数形式）可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词，以避免重复。Do you have a car？Yes，I have one. 你有一辆小汽车吗？是的，我有一辆。I like small cars better than large ones. 我喜欢小汽车，不喜欢大汽车。3.one的前面可用this，that，the，which等词修饰。There are three pens，which one is yours，this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box？这儿有三支钢笔，哪一支是你的？这支？那支？还是在铅笔盒里的那支？4.a+形容词+one这一形式，经常见到或使用。I have an old bike，but he has a new one.我有辆旧自行车，他有辆新的。own后面不用oneYour shoes dont fit me， Id better wear my own.我穿你的鞋不合适，我最好还是穿我自己的。it和one的比较it用来指特定的东西（the+名词）；而one则用于替代不特定的东西（a，an+名词）You have a pen，can I use it（=the pen）？你有一支钢笔，我可以用它吗？（特指）Do you have a pen？Yes，I have one（=a pen）.你有钢笔吗？是的，我有一支。（泛指）some，any的用法I have some money in my pocket，but it is not enough. Do you have any？我口袋里有一些钱，但不够，你有钱吗？1. some，any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中，any一般用于否定旬、疑问句和条件句中。I have some science books.我有一些科技书。（some在肯定句中译为一些）There is some ink in the bottle.瓶子里有一些墨水。I havent any money.（=I have no money.）Do you have any？我一分钱都没有了，你有（钱吗）？注意notany =noany在否定句、问句中不须译出来。You can ask me if you have any questions.（条件句）如果你有任何问题，你都可以问我2. some，any与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。I have something important to tell you我有重要的事告诉你。I dont know anything about it (I know nothing about it .)关于这件事，我什么都不知道。Anybody can do it.任何人都可以做这件事。注意something，anything，nothing三者跟形容词时，形容词要放在它们的后面。.在疑问句中，一般不用some，只有当问句表示一种邀请或请求，或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。Will you have some tea？你喝茶吗？（表邀请）Did somebody call me this morning？今天上午有人给我打电话吧？（表可能已约好）4.在否定句中，some表示半否定，any表示全否定。I dont know some of you.我只认识你们中的一些人。（我不会认识你们）I dont know any of you.你们，我一个也不认识。5.some用于单数可数名词前时，表示“某个”，而不是“一些”。This morning some boy asked for you.今天上午，有个男孩要求见你。There must be some reason for what hes done.他干这些事，肯定有某种原因。比较Is there anything to eat？有什么吃的吗？（不知有没有，只是问一问）Is there something to eat？有一些吃的吧？（希望，而且断定会有）3 other，another的用法1. another（=an other），别的、另一个，泛指众多中一个，一般后面接单数名词，前面不能加定冠词。This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one（=another book）？这本书对我而言太难了，可以给我另一本吗？（another是指许多书中的一本，作为定语）I dont like this one. Show me another.我不喜欢这个，给我看看另一个好吗？（another作宾语）He got three books；one is a dictionary，another is a play，the third is a grammar.他买了三本书，一本是字典，另一本是剧本，还有一本是语法书。（another作主语）有时another可以用在复数名词前译为“再、又”。You may stay for another ten days.你可以再住十天。2. the other表示两个中的一个，常与one连用。onethe otherI have two pencils；one is red；（and）the other is blue.我有两支铅笔，一支是红的，另一支是蓝的。There are only two books left. But I dont like this one. Will you please show me the other？只剩下二本书了。可我不喜欢这一本，请给我另一本好吗？必背！惯用词组each other one another互相 one after another 一个接一个the other day前几天3. other+名词=others（别的）Some are listening to the radio，others are watching TV.一些人在听广播，一些人在看电视。Some students went to the Summer Palace. Other students（=others）stayed at home last Sunday.上周日，一些同学去颐和园，一些同学（还有同学）呆在家里。4. the other +名词=the others，译为其余的，相当于the rest。There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students（=the others）are boys.我们班有三十个学生，二十名女孩，其余的都是男孩。比较:Some of the pencils are red. The others（=the other pencils）are green.有些铅笔是红的，其余的都是绿的。Some of the pencils are red，others（=other pencils）are green.有些铅笔是红的，还有一些是绿的。（暗示可能还有些笔是别的颜色的：白色的、黄色的）4 all，both的用法All of them go to the movies.他们都去看电影。Both of my parents are healthy.我的双亲身体都健康。1. all代表或修饰两个以上的人或物，或不可数的东西。在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。All of us like her.（作主语）=We all like her.（作同位语）我们所有的人都喜欢他。All the oil（不可数名词）has been used up.（作主语）所有的油都用完了。Thats all for today.（作表语）今天就到这儿了。You havent eaten all（of）the bread.（作宾语）你的面包没有吃完。All the students were there.（作定语）所有的学生都在那儿。注意: all，both的位置和频度副词一样放在be动词、情态动词及助动词之后，如有多个助动词，则放在第一个助动词之后。放在一般动词（实义动词）之前。They all（both）went there.他们（两个）全都去那里了。2. both是指两者都；而all是指三个和三个以上的人或物都。在句中可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。注意它们的区别：比较They were all waiting outside the gate.他们（三个以上）都在大门外等着。They were both waiting outside the gate.他们两个都在大门外等着。5 each，every的用法On each（every）side of the square there were policemen.在广场的四周都有警察。1. 从数量上看：each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。There are many trees on each side（不能用every side）of the street.大街的两侧有许多大树。On each（every）side of the square there were soldiers.广场的四周都是士兵。3. 从含义和语法功能上看：each是“单个”的意思，侧重于个体、个性，在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”的意思，侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语，也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。必背！含有every的词组every week每周 every two weeks每两周every other day（week，line）每隔一天（每隔一周，每隔一行）every other ten days每隔十天Every student is here.=All the students are here.所有的学生们都出席了。（强调整体）Each of the boys has a bike.每个男孩子都有一辆自行车。（each作主语，强调个体，每一个）。There are flowers on each side of the river.（作定语）河两岸都是花。Two men came and I gave a book to each.（作宾语）两个人来了，我给他们每人一本书。each作同位语时在句子中位置及谓语动词的变化。The students have two pens each.（作同位语）每个学生有两支钢笔。They each have two pens.（作同位语）他们每人有两支钢笔。Each of the students has two pens.（作主语）每个学生有两支钢笔。Each of them has two pens.（作主语）他们每人有两支钢笔。注意 every在句中只能作定语，而它的合成词只能作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语，也就是说every后面必须跟名词，而它的合成词后面绝不可能跟名词。Every boy is here .=Everybody is here.每个人都在。6 either，neither，both的用法either：指两者中的任意一个。neither：指两者中没有一个，全否定。both：指两者都，肯定。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。（没有一部是好的）Either of the films is good.（作主语，谓语动词用单数）两部电影中有一部不错。He wrote to neither of them.他没给他们两个任何一个人写信。He wrote to either of them.（作宾语）他给他们中的一个人写了信。Neither teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师，没有一个经常解答问题。Either teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师中有一位常常解答问题。Both the teachers often answer the questions.（作定语）这两个老师都常常解答问题。注意: 三词作定语时的比较，both后面的名词要用复数，谓语动词用复数。either和neither后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。7 many，much的用法 Many（of）the students have sports.（作主语）许多学生参加体育锻炼。He has not got much time to go over his lessons.（作定语）他没有多少时间复习功课了。We are many；you are few.（作表语）我们是多数，你们是少数。She has much（work）to do.（作宾语）她有许多工作要去做。8 few, a few; little, a little 的用法There are few minutes left. Hurry up!就剩下几分钟了，快点儿！Dont worry! There are a few minutes left.别着急，还有几分钟呢。There is little time left. Hurry up!没多少时间了，快点儿！There is a little time left. Dont worry.别着急，还有时间呢My sister has a few friends. But she has few good friends.我姐姐有一些朋友，但是她几乎没有真正的好朋友。注意:以上例句的few, a few, little, a little后的名词的数，及谓语动词。专心-专注-专业