西安交通大学研究生综合英语II课后习题答案gxbm.docx

Unitt 1 Putttinng iin aa Goood Worrd ffor Guiilt2. VVocaabullaryy:(1) An inccreaasinng nnumbber of chiildrrens bbookks aatteemptt too poortrray liffe aas iit iis ffor memmberrs oof ddisaadvaantaagedd annd mminooritty ggrouups. Thhis yeaar ssaw thee puubliicattionn off a ricch asssorttmennt of reaalissticc fiictiionss foor cchilldreen aagedd 8-12 andd ollderr.asssorttmenntnn.A colllecctioon oof vvariiouss kiindss; aa vaarieety多种多样样;一批批品种多多样的收收藏；多多种多样样(2) Peooplee wiith naarciissiistiic perrsonnaliity dissordder havve aa grreatt seensee off seelf-impporttancce. Theey sseekk exxcesssivve aadmiirattionn frrom othherss annd ffanttasiize aboout unllimiitedd suucceess or powwer.narrcisssissticcaddj.自自恋的,自我陶陶醉的narccisssisttn.自自我陶醉醉者narccisssistticaallyyadvv.(3) Stuudiees oon ffilmm coonsuumerrs hhad inddicaatedd teeenaage auddiennce as s aa prrimee maarkeet, witth tthe ressultt thhat Holllywwoodd fiilmmmakeers obbsesssivvelyy ccateeredd too thhat marrkett, ssomeetimmes at thee exxpennse of aduult farre.obssesssiveelyadvv.强迫迫性地, 着迷迷似地obseessiiveaadj.1 Of, reelattingg too, ccharractteriistiic oof, or cauusinng aan oobseessiion着着迷,与与着迷有有关的或或具有着着迷特征征的obseessiive gammbliing着着迷于赌赌博2 Exccesssivee inn deegreee oor nnatuure急急迫的,在程度度或性质质上过分分的an oobseessiive neeed tto wwin急急迫的想想赢的欲欲望obseessiivennesssn.（名名词）obseessvvt.(魔鬼、妄妄想等)缠住; 迷住住常用被被动结构构使窘窘困; 使烦扰扰be oobseesseed bby witth被被.附上缠住, 迷住住心窍obseessoorn.使人烦烦扰的人人或事(4) Robbinsson fouund manny ssavaagess onn thhis isllandd. TTheyy weere seeen wwarrringg, slaayinng andd eaatinng eeachh ottherr, aand saccrifficiing onee annothher by thoousaandss too thheirr goods.slaayinng <= sllayvv.trr.（及及物动词词）动词各各种形态态：sllew,slaain, sllayiing，sslayys1 To killl vviollenttly凶凶狠地杀杀死The solldieers slaain in thee baattlle wweree buurriied thaat nnighht.在那天夜夜晚，埋埋葬了在在战斗中中牺牲了了的战士士。2 Sllangg TTo ooverrwheelm, ass wiith lauughtter or lovve【俚语】 深深感感动; 压倒, 克服服; 使使禁不住住大笑Thosse oold jokkes stiill slaay mme.那那些古老老的笑话话仍让我我感动。Midddle Engglissh sslenn, sslayyen中中古英语语 sllen, sllayeenslayyernn. 杀杀人者, 凶手手对比词汇汇：deestrroy; exxterrminnatee; kkilll ; putt too deeathh(5) Atttempptinng tto mmakee mooneyy frrom thee grrowiing leegioon of botth ffemaale andd maale fanns oof bbaskketbballl, hhe sstarrtedd too wrritee loove stooriees wwithh baaskeetbaall as onee off thhe eelemmentts.leggionnn.1 Thee maajorr unnit of thee Roomann arrmy connsisstinng oof 33,0000 tto 66,0000 iinfaantrry ttrooops andd 1000 tto 2200 cavvalrry ttrooops.古罗马马军团：古罗马马军队的的主要单单位，由由3,0000至至6,0000名名步兵和和1000至2000名骑骑兵组成成2 A llargge mmiliitarry uunitt trrainned forr coombaat; an armmy.军队，兵兵团：被被训练以以用于战战斗的庞庞大的军军事单位位；军队队3 A llargge nnumbber; a mulltittudee.Seee SSynoonymms aat mmulttituude大量；众众多.参参见 mmulttituudea leegioon oof ffollloweers大大批追随随者Midddle Engglissh: leggiouun中古古英语 leggiouunfromm Olld FFrennch leggionn源自 古法语语 leegioon对照词汇汇：armyy, baattaalioon, commpanny, divvisiion, foorcee,outtfitt, reegimmentts, quaad, teaam, trooop, unnit(6) Beiing sommewhhat oldder thaan hhe wwas, thhey innstiilleed intto hhim a ffalsse iideaa off thheirr suuperriorrityy, aand it wass byy thhis meaans theey rretaaineed hhim in theeir “sett”a sett off wiild, diissiipatted (闲游游浪荡的的) yyounng mmen.insttilllinsstilllv.trr.（及及物动词词）词形：in.stiilleed， in.stiill.ingg， iin.sstillls也也作 iin.sstills1 To inttrodducee byy grraduual, peersiisteent efffortts; impplannt:逐渐的，持持续地灌灌输；灌灌输：“Morraliity . . . mayy bee innstiilleed iintoo thheirr miindss”(TThommas Jeffferrsonn)“道德可可以灌输输到他们们的头脑脑中”(托马马斯·杰弗逊逊)Midddle Engglissh： insstilllenn中古英语语 innstiilleen(7) It is perrhapps ddiffficuult forr Whhitee Soouthh Affriccanss, wwithh ann iingrrainned prrejuudicce aagaiinstt coommuunissm, to unddersstannd wwhy expperiiencced Afrricaan ppoliiticcianns sso rreaddilyy accceppt ccommmuniistss ass thheirr frriennds.inggraiineddadj.Firmmly esttabllishhed; deeep-seaatedd根深蒂固固的；牢牢固的ingrrainned preejuddicee; 根根深蒂固固的偏见见the inggraiinedd haabitts oof aa liifettimee一生的根根深蒂固固的习惯惯(8) Whiile admminiistrratiion offficiialss weere keppt bbusyy annsweerinng tthe chaargees, thee seecreetarry aand chaairmman huustlled baack andd foorthh beetweeen commmittteees oon bbothh siidess off thhe CCapiitoll deefenndinng tthe pacce aand scoope of thee deefennse efffortt.husstlee词形：husstleed， husstliing， husstleesv.inntr.（不及及物动词词） To worrk oor mmovee ennerggetiicallly andd raapiddly赶忙，有有干劲儿儿：精力力充沛、动动作迅速速地工作作或运动动Comee onn, nnow! Huustlle!We hhusttledd too geet ddinnner reaady on timme.我们忙着着把晚餐餐按时准准备好husttle forr美口费力气气想得到到, 极极力争取取(9) Thoousaandss off soocceer ffanss sttormmed thee gaatess off ann allreaady oveercrrowdded staadiuum, minnutees bbefoore gamme ttimee. 449 ppeopple werre kkillled andd 477 innjurred in thee sstammpedde.staampeeden.1 A ssuddden freenziied russh oof ppaniic-sstriickeen aanimmalss惊逃，受受惊吓的的动物突突然狂奔奔2 A ssuddden heaadloong russh oor ffligght of a ccrowwd oof ppeopple逃窜，一一哄而散散，人群群突然猛猛冲或飞飞奔Therre wwas a sstammpedde oof ppaniic-sstriickeen ccrowwd ffromm thhe bburnningg hootell.一群惊惶惶失措的的人们, 从失失火的旅旅馆中跑跑了出来来。3 A mmasss immpullsivve aactiion 蜂拥a sttamppedee off suuppoort forr thhe ccanddidaate.纷纷支持持那个侯侯选人(10) Foor aa flleettingg moomennt II feelt uneeasyy. LLikee maany Ameericcanss maakinng ttheiir ffirsst ttripp too ann unnfammiliiar Asiian citty, I hhad harrborred quualmms aboout jusst hhow I mmighht bbe rreceeiveed.quaalmn.A suuddeen ddistturbbingg feeeliing不安，疑疑虑；突突然引起起不安的的感觉quallms of hommesiicknnesss思乡症3.Paarapphraase: (1) Butt thhen it camme tto mmy mmindd thhat peooplee haave givven up guiilt forr tooo llongg a timme. Durringg thhat perriodd off tiime of aboout tenn yeearss orr moore, thhosee weelcoome psyychoologgistts ssolvved peooplees menntall prrobllemss byy wrritiing boooks inssteaad oof ggiviing cliiniccal treeatmmentt. AAnd theey aare tryyingg too addvoccatee thhe cconcceptt thhat nobbodyy shhoulld ffeell guuiltty ffor anyythiing.(2)IIn tthe passt, it wass coommoonlyy thhougght thaat tto llovee hiimseelf, evveryyonee shhoulld ffirsst ggivee upp hiis gguillt. Forr thhe mmostt paart of thee paast tenn yeearss, ppeopple dellibeerattelyy iggnorred thee seensee off guuiltt wiithoout unddersstanndinng iits meaaninng aand siggnifficaancee.(3)WWhatts morre, we wouuld nevver be onee off thhosee whho ggivee upp thheirr guuiltt whhilee beecommingg moore andd moore detteriioraatedd inn exxcesssivve aadmiirattionn off thhemsselvves.(4)TTherre aare peooplee whho aare torrturred by unrreassonaablee guuiltt. OOf ccourrse we aree noot wwilllingg too bee onne oof tthemm orr guuidee ouur cchilldreen tto bbe oone of theem.(5)IIn ssuchh a chaangeeablle wworlld, ourr seensee off duuty is verry llikeely to chaangee ouur ffeellingg. NNow an oldd coonceept mayy coonfllictt wiith a nnew onee onn whhat we shoouldd doo. TTherre iis aagreeat diffferrencce bbetwweenn ouur bbeliief andd thhe eeduccatiion we gott, aand thaat ddifffereencee reesullts in thee seensee off guuiltt.(6)IIf gguillt rreprreseentss thhe cconttraddicttionn off ouur sstanndarrds of behhaviior, itt iss a goood tthinng ffulll off sttrenngthh annd hhumaanneess.(7)IIn ssomee asspecct, thee soo-caalleed bbad feeelinng rrefllectts tthe besst nnatuure of humman beiing. Beecauuse we donnt wannt tto ffeell guuiltty, we willl nnot do badd thhinggs.(8)IIn tthatt asspecct, guiilt cann maake us civviliizedd annd fforcce uus bby cconsscieencee too bee goood peooplee innsteead of putttinng ooursselvves in thee fiirstt pllacee urrgenntlyy.4. CClozze: Guillt ccan be a ffeellingg off (11) remmorsse aboout an acttionn orr siituaatioon iin wwhicch yyou hadd soome cullpabbiliity or (2) rrespponssibiilitty. Soomettimees wwe ccan feeel gguillty eveen ttherre iis nno (3) reeasoon.Any ideeas aboout whaat hhas (4) ttrigggerred thhe gguillt? Whaat iis oof iinteeresst iin oour conntexxt iis tthe neuurottic sennse of guiilt whiich is a fformm off (55) anxxietty mosstlyy coonneecteed tto rreprresssed, muurdeerouus rragee. TThe perrsonn feeelss ass iff hee haad (6) coommiitteed a mmoraal ccrimme.Doess tooo mmuchh (7) ccritticiism reeallly ccausse ttoo mucch gguillt? Harrsh parrenttingg leeadss too deecreeaseed (8) emmpatthy, gguillt, andd seelfconntrool. Chiildrren aree moore likkelyy too (99) devveloop a ssensse oof mmoraalitty/ connsciiencce iif ppareentss usse iinduuctiion. Guuiltt meeanss thhat a ppersson doees ssomeethiing thaat (10) vviollatee ttheiir mmoraal ccodee, (11) vvaluue sysstemm, oor ttheiir ssensse oof rrighht/ wroong andd goood/ baad. In othher worrds, onnce theey ddo ssomeethiing (122) agaainsst theeir dutty, peooplee wiill havve tthe sennse of guiilt. Inn thhe ffinaal aanallysiis wwe jjudgge tthinngs by wheetheer ttheyy (113) fuulfiill thhe ppurpposee foor wwhicch ttheyy weere madde. It is a (14) ggeneerallly acccepptedd prrincciplle tthatt onne ccannnot conndemmn ssomeethiing forr (115) faailiing too acchieeve whaat iit wwas nevver (166) inttendded too acchieeve. Iff maan iis mmereely a (17) bbiocchemmicaal macchinne, he cannnott bee (118) juudgeed on anyy moorall grrounnds (199) sinnce thhe bbehaavioor oof mmachhinees iis ppreddeteermiinedd byy thheirr veery (200) natturee aand is in no sennse “moorall.”5. TTrannslaatioon:A. TTrannslaate thee foolloowinng pparaagraaph intto CChinnesee.To bbe hhapppy, a mman musst ffeell, ffirsstlyy, ffreee annd, secconddly, immporrtannt. 人要想想快乐，首首先必须须感到自自由，其其次，必必须感到到自己重重要。HHe ccannnot be reaallyy haappyy iff hee iss coompeelleed bby ssociietyy too doo whhat he doees nnot enjjoy doiing, orr iff whhat he enjjoyss dooingg iss iggnorred by soccietty aas oof nno vvaluue oor iimpoortaancee. 假假如迫于于社会压压力做自自己不乐乐意做的的事，或或者乐于于做的事事被认为为一文不不值，毫毫不重要要，得不不到社会会的承认认，那么么这样的的人是不不可能真真正快乐乐的。AA maan iis aa laaborrer if thee joob ssociietyy offferrs hhim is of no inttereest to himmsellf bbut he is commpellledd too taake it by thee neecesssitty oof eearnningg a livvingg annd ssuppporttingg hiis ffamiily. 倘若若一个人人对社会会给予他他的差事事不感兴兴趣，干干下去只只是出于于谋生和和养家糊糊口的需需要，那那么此人人就只是是个雇佣佣劳动者者。A mann iss a worrkerr iff hee iss peersoonallly inttereesteed iin tthe jobb whhichh soocieety payys hhim to do. 倘若若一个人人打心眼眼里对社社会掏钱钱让他干干的差事事感兴趣趣，那么么他就是是一个工工作者。WWhettherr a jobb iss too bee cllasssifiied as labbor or worrk ddepeendss, nnot on thee joob iitseelf, buut oon tthe tasstess off thhe iindiividduall whho uundeertaakess itt. 一一件差事事究竟是是劳动还还是工作作并不取取决于差差事本身身，而是是取决于于干这个个差事的的人的喜喜好。TThe diffferrencce ddoess noot ccoinncidde wwithh thhe ddifffereencee beetweeen a mmanuual andd a menntall joob. 这种差差异并不不等同于于体力和和脑力劳劳动之间间的区别别。Whhichh a mann iss caan bbe sseenn frrom hiss atttittudee toowarrd lleissuree. 从从一个人人对休闲闲的态度度可以看看出他属属于哪类类人。TTo aa woorkeer, leiisurre mmeanns ssimpply thee hoourss hee neeedss too reelaxx annd rrestt inn orrderr too woork effficiienttly. 对工工作者而而言，休休闲不过过是放松松休息几几个小时时，为的的是工作作起来效效率更高高。Hee iss thhereeforre mmoree liikelly tto ttakee tooo llitttle leiisurre tthann tooo mmuchh. 所所以他很很可能花花很少的的时间休休息，而而不是很很多。TTo tthe labboreer, on thee ottherr haand, leeisuure meaans freeedoom ffromm coompuulsiion, soo thhat it is natturaal ffor himm too immagiine thaat tthe fewwer houurs he hass too sppendd laaborringg, aand thee moore houurs he is freee tto pplayy, tthe bettterr. 对对劳动者者而言恰恰恰相反反，休闲闲意味着着摆脱了了羁绊，他他总盼着着少干多多玩，工工作时间间越短越越好，这这种想法法也在情情理之中中。B. TTrannslaate thee foolloowinng ssenttencces intto EEngllishh.(1)PPeopple apppealled to thee gooverrnmeent to putt inn a goood wwordd foor tthe reaal hheroo affterr thhe ttrutth ccamee ouut.(2)OOn tthe commingg off thhe NNew Yeaar, it occcurrred to Samm thhat he shoouldd puut aasidde hhis worrk ffor a wwhille aand calll hhis parrentts.(3)IIn aa tiime of chaangee, yyounng ppeopple oftten putt seelf-inttereest in thee fiirstt pllacee annd ttunee ouut ssociial commmittmennt.(4)TThe govvernnmennt hhas reaalizzed thaat sseriiouss soociaal pprobblemms mmay ariise froom weaalthh poolarrizaatioon, andd meeasuuress haave beeen ttakeen tto sshorrtenn thhe ddisttancce.(5)AAs tthe cosst oof bbeinng ffamoous, sttarss arre ppartticuularrly vullnerrablle tto ccritticiism, beecauuse peooplee allwayys hhavee hiigheer eexpeectaatioons of theem.(6)AAfteer tthe terrrorristt atttacck wwas succcesssfuullyy suupprresssed, thhe hhorrror-strrickken hosstagges werre ssheppherrdedd accrosss aa seecreet ppasssagee too thhe ssafeety zonne. (7)Finnallly, thee auuthoor cchosse tto rretoort thee ruumorr noot bbecaausee off anny pperssonaal ooffeensee, bbut rattherr inn reespoonsee too innjurriess innfliicteed oon ootheers. (8)Thee crrimiinall exxplaainss too hiis llawyyer thaat hhis willl iis sso nnatuurallly fraagille tthatt hiis pphyssicaal nneedds oofteen ooverrpowwer hiss feeeliing, whhichh leeadss too thhe tthefft oof hhis acqquaiintaancee. (9)Wheen hher graandmma, thee onnly perrsonn whho lloveed hher in thee woorldd, ppasssed awaay, herr heeartt waas ffillled witth nnothhingg ellse butt deeep sorrroww annd rregrret.Unitt 2 In thee Beeginnninng: Godd annd SScieencee2. VVocaabullaryy(1) proofanne (2) ignniteed (3) conncocctedd (44) rreveerbeerattionns (5) subbverrsivve (6) eniigmaaticc (77) cconvverggencce (8) proovissionnal (9) deefy（110) traansppareent3. PParaaphrrasee(1) Its hhardd annd eevenn inntolleraablee too immagiine thee innfinnitiive uniiverrse, liike thee enndleess timme, butt thhis ideea ccan at leaast makke ppeopple feeel ccalmm annd ppeaccefuul.(2) Howweveer, in reccentt deecaddes, thhe SSteaady Staate moddel of uniiverrse hass beeen subbstiitutted in sciienttifiic ffielld bby aa moore diffficcultt iddea thaat tthe uniiverrse is fulll oof fforccefuul aactiionss.(3) Thee Biig BBangg thheorry mmakees ssomee asstroonommerss veery uneeasyy, bbut at thee saame timme, creeatees aa liittlle eexciitemmentt inn reeliggiouus ffielld ffor it seeems to connfirrm ttheiir bbeliief in creeatiion.(4) Sciiencce eeducced thee Biig BBangg thheorry ffromm thhe hhardd woork of asssumpptioon aand tesstifficaatioon aand eveen uunexxpecctedd buut ppleaasannt iinciidennts, whhichh shharee l