XXXX-08 VOA Special English (双语)11219.docx

2010-08 VOA SPECIAL ENGLISHCONTENTD01 Bringing Color to Life and Tears to Eyes With a Natural DyeD02 Slaughterhouses on Wheels Come to the Aid of Small FarmsD03 Breastfeeding, a Skill That Mom and Baby 'Learn From Each Other'D04 Muslim College Opens in US With Hopes and SuspicionsD05 UAE, Other Nations Target BlackBerry for Access to User InformationD06 Political Tensions Grow as Iraqis Fail to Agree on a GovernmentD07 BelittleD08 A Simple Operation Can Cure Tragic Condition in Mothers With FistulaD09 Ideas for Getting a Firm Grip on Weed ControlD10 Study Finds No Reason to Delay Pregnancy After a MiscarriageD11 Obama Signs Spending Bill to Protect Teachers JobsD12 The Rise and Fall of Mark Hurd as H-P ChiefD13 Millions in Pakistan Struggle Against Record FloodsD15 Killing of 10 Aid Workers 'Horrific' but Not UncommonD16 Phone Call About Fertilizer Could Be a Big Help to Philippine Rice FarmersD17 Scientists Look for Answers as More US Girls Enter Puberty at Earlier AgeD18 For 'Cabaret Stars of Tomorrow,' a Chance to Train NowD19 Verizon and Google Propose Rules of the Road for the InternetD20 Israelis, Palestinians Set to Restart Direct TalksD21 Touch All BasesD22 Imported Foods Raise Obesity, Health Issues for Pacific IslandersD23 Housing Plan Threatens Seed Bank in RussiaD24 Experts Urge More Efforts to Fight Cancer in Poor CountriesD25 San Francisco Educator Works to Keep Young People 'Alive and Free'D26 GM to Test Investors' Hunger for Risk With Stock OfferingD27 Bernanke Says Federal Reserve Will Act if US Economy WeakensD28 Easy As Falling Off a LogD29 Do-It-Yourself: Preparing Fish for Drying or SmokingD30 Test Your Word Knowledge With a Quiz About Farm TermsD31 For Lots of People, Getting Older Means Getting HappierEditor: WisepigBringing Color to Life and Tears to Eyes With a Natural Dye使用一种纯天然方法给生活增添色彩By Jill Moss 2010-8-1This is the VOA Special English Development Report.这里是美国之音慢速英语发展报告。Dye can bring a little color to life. Most clothing is colored with dyes. Modern, manufactured dyes can be costly. Natural dyes from plant and animal products have been used since ancient times. So this week, we describe a natural way to dye wool.染料可以给生活增添色彩。多数衣服都是靠染料染色的。现代人造染料比较昂贵。从古时候起，人们就开始使用从动植物产品中提取的天然染料。本周，我们来谈谈给羊毛染色的纯天然方法。The advice comes from information written by Jenny Dean of the Intermediate Technology Development Group in Britain. This anti-poverty group is now called Practical Action.写信提出本期建议的是珍妮·迪安，来自英国中间技术开发小组。这是一个扶贫组织，现在名叫“实际行动”组织。There are several methods to put dye onto material. The vat method, for example, can be used to dye wool with onionskins. For this example, use one hundred grams of natural wool. The wool must be clean. Leave it overnight in water and liquid soap. Then wash it with clean water that is a little warm. Gently squeeze out the extra water.给原料染色的方法有很多种。例如缸染法使用洋葱皮染羊毛。在这个例子中，取100克天然羊毛清洗，置于水和液体肥皂的混合液中浸泡一夜，然后用清洁温水把羊毛洗净，轻轻挤出多余水分。A solution called a mordant is used in the dying process. A mordant helps fix the dye to the material. Traditionally, mordants were found in nature. Wood ash is one example. But chemical mordants such as alum are popular today. Alum is sold in many stores. It is often mixed with cream of tartar, a fine powder commonly used in cooking.在染色过程中还将用到一种名为媒染剂的溶剂。媒染剂帮助染料固着于原料上。通常，媒染剂都取自天然，例如木灰。但如今明矾一类的化学媒染剂更受欢迎。明矾在很多商店都有销售。使用时通常混以酒石一种烹调时常用的细粉状物质。Mix eight grams of alum with seven grams of cream of tartar in a small amount of hot water. Add the solution to a metal pan of cool water. Next, add the wool and place the mixture over heat. Slowly bring the liquid to eighty-two degrees Celsius. Heat the mixture for forty-five minutes. After it cools, remove the wool and wash it.把8克明矾和7克酸性酒石拌以少量热水混合。在盛有冷水的金属锅里加入溶剂。接下来，放入羊毛混合并加热。，使液体慢慢升温到82摄氏度。将混合物持续加热45分钟。冷却后，取出羊毛并清洗。To prepare the dye solution, cover thirty grams of onionskins with water. Use only the dry, brown outer skins. Boil the liquid until the onionskins lose their color, about forty-five minutes,. Remove the skins after the dye cools.为了制作染料溶剂，将30克洋葱皮用水浸没，注意只能使用干燥、褐色的洋葱皮。然后将水煮沸，直到洋葱皮掉色，这大概耗时45分钟。染料冷却后将洋葱皮清除。Now it is time to dye the wool. Place the wool into the dye and heat the mixture. Bring it to a boil, then immediately reduce the heat to eighty-two degrees. Now heat the dye for about forty-five minutes or until the wool is the desired color. Keep in mind that wet wool looks darker than it is.现在就到给羊毛染色的时候了。把羊毛放进染料溶剂中并加热，先煮沸，然后快速降温到82度。此时继续加热大约45分钟，直到羊毛变成理想的颜色。请记住，湿羊毛看上去比它的实际颜色深一些。Once the dye cools, remove the wool and wash it. Now the wool is orange or yellow. Or at least it should be. 一旦染料冷却，立即取出羊毛并清洗。现在，羊毛变为橙色或黄色的了。或者，至少它应该是那样的颜色。Internet users can get the full details at practicalaction.org. One word dot org. Enter the word "dye," d-y-e, in the search box. We will post a link to the site at .互联网用户可以访问网站practicalaction.org，在网站搜索框中输入“染料”查看全部详细信息。我们也将在网站上发布一个链接。And that's the VOA Special English Development Report. I'm Steve Ember.Slaughterhouses on Wheels Come to the Aid of Small Farms移动屠宰场帮助小农户By Jerilyn Watson 2010-8-2This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。One of the great American success stories after World War Two was the rise of industrial farming. But now small is big. People who say they worry about their food and their environment are looking for locally grown produce from small farms.二战后美国最经典的的成功故事之一是工业化养殖的崛起，但现在一些小问题开始放大。对食物和环境感到担忧的人们开始寻找本地小农场出产的食品。Local meat producers want a piece of the action. But small farmers often have a difficult time getting their animals to market. Many cannot pay the cost of a large slaughterhouse.当地肉类生产商希望从中分一杯羹。但是，小农户在将他们的牲畜投放市场时往往遇到困难。许多人无法支付大型屠宰场的费用。Also, the number of slaughterhouses in the United States has decreased sharply since the nineteen eighties. Some small farmers have to travel long distances to have their animals killed and processed.此外，自上世纪80年代以来，美国屠宰场数量锐减。一些小农户需要长途跋涉才能屠宰他们的牲畜。But now if a farmer cannot get to the slaughterhouse, the slaughterhouse may come to the farmer.但现在如果农户不能去到屠宰场，屠宰场将到农场来开展服务。The United States Department of Agriculture, the USDA, is helping farmers to pay for and operate mobile slaughter units. These are trucks and trailers equipped to do the job, including inspection. A federal inspector travels with the unit.美国农业部正帮助农民购买并经营移动屠宰装置，这种屠宰装置由卡车和拖车配置而成，并包括（卫生）检疫，有美国联邦检疫员随车。Last September the USDA announced a sixty-five million dollar program called "Know Your Farmer, Know Your Food." The aim is to support local farmers, rural communities and healthy eating. As part of that effort, officials are trying to spread the word about mobile slaughter units.去年9月美国农业部公布一项耗资6500万美元的“了解农户和食物”方案。其目的是支持当地农村、农户以及饮食健康。作为该方案的一部分，官员们正试图大力宣传移动屠宰装置。Ten years ago, in Washington State, fifteen farmers raising sheep and other livestock formed a cooperative. Their group, the Island Grown Farmers Cooperative, wanted to build a traditional slaughterhouse.十年前，华盛顿州的15个养羊和其他牲畜的农民合作组成港岛农民养殖合作社，试图建立一个传统的屠宰场。But neighbors objected. So the farmers designed a slaughterhouse on wheels. The Department of Agriculture approved the first mobile slaughter unit in two thousand two.但这遭到邻居们的反对。因此农民设计了一个车轮上的屠宰场。农业部2002年批准了第一个移动屠宰装置。There are now forty-four farmers in that cooperative. And mobile units are being used around the country not just for sheep and cattle.该合作社现有44家农户。此外，在全国范围内广泛使用的移动装置也不仅仅屠宰牛羊。A group in Alaska uses a mobile slaughterhouse for reindeer. And an organization in South Dakota has a mobile unit for buffalo.阿拉斯加有个驯鹿移动屠宰场，而南达科他州则有个野牛移动屠宰装置。The United States has a limited number of federal meat inspectors. Some farm co-ops operate with state inspectors. But red meat and meat that will be sold in other states must have federal inspection.美国联邦肉类检疫员人数有限。一些农业合作社只需通过州检疫。但红肉及在其他州销售的肉类，必须通过联邦检疫。Right now, officials say nine groups are operating federally approved mobile units. They say these slaughterhouses on wheels are not only a way to build local food systems, but also to help local economies.相关官员表示，目前有9家经联邦政府批准的移动屠宰装置。他们说，这些车轮上的屠宰场不仅是建立当地食品系统的一个途径，还能帮助当地经济发展。And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.  I'm Bob Doughty.Breastfeeding, a Skill That Mom and Baby 'Learn From Each Other'世界母乳喂养周谈母乳喂养By Caty Weaver 2010-8-3This is the VOA Special English Health Report.这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报告。This is World Breastfeeding Week. The celebration is now in its nineteenth year. It grew out of a meeting organized by UNICEF to find ways to support breastfeeding.本周是世界母乳喂养周，该活动现在已经进入第19个年头。诞生于联合国儿童基金会举办的一个寻求支持母乳喂养途径的会议。Jill Hall supports breastfeeding. In fact, she could be feeding her son right now. (SOUND)吉尔·霍尔支持母乳喂养。事实上，她现在可能给她的儿子哺乳。She gave birth to Thomas - or Tiggy, as his parents call him - at a hospital in Washington. They live in nearby McLean, Virginia.她在华盛顿医院生下了托马斯，父母给他取的昵称是Tiggy。他们一家住在弗吉尼亚州麦克莱恩附近。Mother's milk is all Tiggy has eaten since he was born six weeks ago. And it will be all he eats for the first six months. His mother plans to follow the advice of the World Health Organization.从6周前出生起，Tiggy就只吃过母乳，而且他出生后的头6个月都将只吃母乳。他的母亲计划遵循世界卫生组织的建议。JILL HALL: "As you can see I can't tell right now whether he wants to eat more or whether he needs to burp, so we might try the burping.吉尔：“你看，我现在不知道他是否还想吃，也不知道他是否要打嗝。所以我们可以尝试让他打个嗝。Six-week-old babies generally breastfeed seven to nine times in a twenty-four-hour period.6周大的婴儿24小时内一般需要喂养母乳7至9次。Jill Hall has two stepdaughters, but Thomas is her first experience with breastfeeding. And, in her words, "It's going great."吉尔有两个继女，但托马斯是她首次母乳喂养经验。用她的话来说，“一切顺利。” JILL HALL: "It's pretty natural. You kind of learn from each other, mom and baby, how it's all going to work. And that can take a little bit of trial and error."吉尔：“这非常自然，妈妈和婴儿之间有点互相学习如何进行母乳喂养。这需要一点尝试，当然也会发生失误。”Josie Tullo knows all about that. She works for a lactation consulting group in Fairfax, Virginia. She has more than twenty years of experience advising mothers. But she says babies themselves are great guides to nursing.乔西·塔洛熟知所有这一切。她在弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯郡一个哺乳咨询组织工作。她拥有超过20年的为妈妈提供咨询的经验。但她说婴儿自己就是最好的护理指导。JOSIE TULLO: "When babies are born, babies have an instinctive need, they're hard-wired to breastfeed. So basically, if we were to place a baby on the mother's abdomen, the baby would actually crawl up the mother's chest and choose which breast it would like to latch on to. The baby will open its mouth twice, the second time with a nice wide mouth, and lean in to grasp the breast. That's the mother's cue to hug the baby to the breast."乔西：“婴儿一出生就有一种本能的需要，他们与母乳喂养有一种自然联系。因此基本上，如果我们把婴儿放到妈妈腹部，婴儿就会爬上妈妈的胸部并选择一个乳房，接着将嘴张大二倍（以适于含住乳头吮吸），并倚着抓住乳房。这就是给妈妈将婴儿抱至胸前哺乳的暗示。“Doctor Bernadette Daelmans is an expert on newborn and child health development for the World Health Organization. She offers estimates from the WHO and UNICEF about how many young lives could be saved through breastfeeding.Bernadette Daelman医生是世界卫生组织新生儿和儿童健康成长专家。她提供了世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会关于母乳喂养能挽救多少幼小生命的评估。BERNADETTE DAELMANS: "If children were exclusively breastfed for six months, continued to breastfeed up to two years, with appropriate additional food from six months onwards, we could save 1.5 million children under five years of age out the 8.8 million that we estimate to die currently every year."Bernadette Daelmans：“如果孩子头6个月仅喂养母乳，然后在2岁前继续喂养母乳，并自6月起适当补充食物，我们可以在目前估计的每年死亡的880万名5岁以下儿童中，挽救其中的150万名儿童。Breastfeeding reduces the chances of infections in the first few hours of life. Later, it reduces the chances of stomach and intestinal infections in babies.母乳喂养能够减少婴儿头几个小时感染的几率。过后，它能减少婴儿胃肠道感染的几率。Researchers say babies who are breastfed often grow up to have lower blood pressure and cholesterol as adults. They are less likely to be overweight and have type two diabetes.研究人员说，婴儿时期经常喂养母乳的成年人血压和胆固醇更低。他们也更少患肥胖症和2型糖尿病。Health studies also point to other benefits for the baby and the mother.健康报告同时还指出了母乳喂养对婴儿和妈妈的其他好处。And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. I'm Shirley Griffith.Muslim College Opens in US With Hopes and Suspicions美国穆斯林学院在期望与疑虑中诞生By Lonny Shavelson 2010-8-4This is the VOA Special English Education Report.这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报告。Zaytuna College is a new four-year college in Berkeley, California. Zaytuna is seeking to become the first accredited Muslim college in the United States. The name comes from the Arabic word for olives.栽突那学院是加州伯克利市一所新开设的四年制大学，该校正寻求成为美国第一个通过认证的穆斯林学院。栽突那这个名字来源于阿拉伯语中的橄榄。The process of full accreditation could take several years. That will make it easier for students to get financial aid, and to have their education recognized by employers and other schools.全部认证过程可能需要几年时间。通过认证将使学生更容易获得助学金，同时使他们的学历被雇主和其他学校认可。Zaytuna held its first classes this summer - intensive study of Arabic to prepare for classes in the fall.今年夏天，栽突那学院开设了第一个“阿拉伯语深入研究”班，为今年秋天要开设的班级做准备。Zaytuna currently offers two majors, a choice of Islamic law and religion or Arabic language. General education classes include American history, anthropology, philosophy, literature and political science.栽突那学院目前提供两个专业，伊斯兰教义和阿拉伯文。基础课程包括美国历史、人类学、哲学、文学和政治学。Imam Zaid Shakir is a professor and co-founder of Zaytuna. He was born in Berkeley. The college website says he accepted Islam in nineteen seventy-seven while serving in the United States Air Force.伊玛·扎伊德·基尔是栽突那学院的一名教授，同时也是栽突那学院的创始人之一。他出生于伯克利市。学院网站称扎伊德·基尔1977年在美国空军服役时接受了伊斯兰教。Imam Shakir says he wants teachers who are trained and educated in the United States and who understand American society.伊玛·扎伊德·基尔表示，他希望教授那些接受美国教育并了解美国历史的学生。ZAID SHAKIR: "And who also are comfortable with their Americanness on the one hand and comfortable with Islam on the other hand."扎伊德·基尔：“还包括既接受美国人特性又接受伊斯兰教的学生。” There are millions of American Muslims. But the imam says most of the teachers of Islam in America received their training in other countries. He says Islam has never become rooted in any land until that land had its own Islamic scholars.美国有数百万穆斯林。不过，伊玛表示，美国大部分的伊斯兰教师都在其他国家接受培训。他说，伊斯兰教从未在一个不具备穆斯林学者的地方扎根。Michael Higgins studies the relationship between religion and higher education. The United States has many different religious colleges. But he says he fears there could be protests if Zaytuna College is seen as teaching students not to accept other religions.迈克尔·希金斯研究宗教和高等教育之间的关系。美国有许多不同的宗教院校。但他表示，他担心如果栽突那学院被认为只教授穆斯林学生，可能会出现抗议活动。MICHAEL HIGGINS: "I think there will be a lot of fear or apprehension around the establishment of a college that adheres to Islam. If it becomes a madrasa or a college of inculcation only, that could be hugely problematic."迈克尔·希金斯：“我认为会有许多种恐惧或担忧围绕这个笃信伊斯兰教的学院的建立。如果它成为伊斯兰学校或是灌输性的大学，可能会有大问题。”This September eleventh will be nine years since the al-Qaida terrorist attacks on the United States. Imam Shakir recognizes that those attacks and other plots since then have fed publi