必刷卷04 -2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（北京专用）（含答案解析）.docx

绝密启用前2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷04北京地区专用北京属于自主命题地区，2022年统考英语听说考试与笔试分离，实行计算机考试，一年两次考试，取 听说最高成绩与笔试成绩一同组成英语科目成绩计入高考总分。英语听说考试共计50分，英语科目总成绩 满分150分。第一次考试将于2021年12月11日进行，第二次考试将于2022年3月19日进行。笔试部分 题型：完形填空（10小题，满分15分）+短文填空（三篇短文10小题，满分15分）+阅读理解（四篇短 文14小题，满分28分）+七选五（5小题，满分10分）+阅读回答问题（4小题，满分12分）+书面表达 （1小题，满分20分）本套试卷完形填空是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍Ella建立了一个非营利组织。短文填空（A篇是一篇 新闻报道。文章报道了美国“高考”SAT迎来大改；B篇是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了人类首次成功接受猪心 脏移植；C篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空探索）。阅读理解（A篇是是一篇应用文。介绍了欧洲四个廉 价旅馆；B篇是一篇记叙文。介绍了 Jennifer Williams志愿捐书的爱心故事；C篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍 了智能城市的优势和发展前景；D篇是议论文。讨论了各个学校是否应该禁止学生们使用发光的塑料小亮 片）。七选五是一篇说明文。讲述了一项新技术可以通过扫描墙壁。阅读表达是一篇说明文。介绍了二手屏 幕时间的概念和危害。书面表达是应用文。K/ （满分100分；考试时间：90分钟）第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。Every year, around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care （寄养）at 18, and have to start their lives 的学生像她一样爱上阅读）可知，为了帮助孩子们热爱阅读，她开始捐书，故选C。26. 细节理解题。根据第六段中"So she got to work, first by roping in friends to donate books or money to buy books."（于是她开始工作，首先是拉拢朋友们捐书或出钱买书。）可知，她通过让她的朋友买书来收集书籍, 故选Ao推理判断题。根据第三段中“To Williams, the solution was simple: Give kids books."（对威廉姆斯来说， 解决办法很简单：给孩子们书。）可知，她乐于助人；根据第五段中“So she set a new goal for herself: Give away onemillionbooks."（所以她给自己定了一个新目标：捐出一百万本书。）可知，她是很有野心的，故选A。CWith intelligent systems and new-age networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient. After all, more than 60 percent of the world's population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report.These cities will use 5G networks to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Cities like Boston, Baltimore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen are already using smart technology to improve people's lives.But what exactly does a smart city do? Lefs look at a few examples. In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors （传感器）around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic jam as they ride.Smart cities will be interactive, allowing their residents to feel like they're truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it. "One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never had in the past J Mrinalini Ingram told Tech Republic.Of course, it will take time and money to turn our present cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we've already seen, more cities around the world are already using smart technology in small ways. China, for example, is making investments in big cities like Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won't be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure （基石出设施）.27. What can a smart city actually do in people's daily life?A. A real-time traffic jam can be reported.B. More and more people will live in big cities.C. It can replace workers to empty a trash can.D. People can ride bikes in an easier way.28. What does the author mean by saying "Smart cities will be interactive”?A. People in big cities will benefit from intelligent systems.B. More and more big cities will use smart technology.C. We will show a deeper passion for building our new cities.D. We will communicate with the environment in a new way.29. What is the author's opinion about smart cities?A. Critical.B. Neutral.C. Positive.D. Negative.【答案】28. A 29. D 30. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能城市的优势和发展前景。28. 细节理解题。根据第三段“And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic jam as they ride.（在丹麦的哥本哈根，一个智能自行车系统可以让骑自行车的人在骑车时检 查空气质量和交通堵塞情况。广可知，智慧城市在人们的日常生活中可以报告实时的交通堵塞。故选A。29. 句意猜测题。 根据第四段“we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never had in the past（我们可以以一种从未有过的方式与环境进行沟通）”可知，“Smart cities will be interactive,”指的是“我 们将以一种新的方式与环境沟通:故选D。30. 推理判断题。根据第一段"With intelligent systems and new-age networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient. After all, more than 60 percent of the world's population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN r叩ort.（有了智能系统和新时代的网络，大城市的生活可能会更快乐、更有效率。毕 竟，根据联合国的一份报告，到2050年，预计将有超过60%的世界人口居住在城市。厂可推断，作者对智 慧城市发展是是积极的、乐观的。故选C。DGlitter has long been a staple of the primary classroom. Space topic art project? Time to break out the glitter. Making cards to send home to parents? Glitter is necessary.And yet, recent research suggests that glitter is actually bad for the environment. Several schools have even proposed a ban on using glitter in the classroom as a result.The problem is that microplastics, including glitter, do not break up. When these small plastic are washed down the drain and reach the ocean, they can be eaten by fish,seabirds and other marine life, causing them harm. Now, as a measure to protect marine environments, scientists such as Dr Trisia Farrelly have gone so far as to suggest that “all glitter should be banned”.Is a ban on glitter really necessary? Kevin O'Brien, Year 6 teacher, said, “I believe it to be a good idea if onlyto reduce the mess and wastage caused from its use. Many a time I have been told off by my cleaner.”However, Gaynor Bright, a teacher, believes that "Banning glitter in schools won't make a huge difference,“ she says. "Producing environmentally safe glitter is the answer. One thing that O'Brien and Bright agree on, though, is that children should be taught about the harmful impact plastic has on our environment.Would schools be willing to accept the change? Of the 1,092 nursery workers surveyed, only 22 percent were in favour of banning glitter. OBrien points out that it is perhaps not down to teachers* desire for the glitter, but "I would suggest that there are many more important issues such as a finance for schools, teacher pay and workload that are much more important than whether glitter should be banned or not,“ he says.“A ban on glitter is a step too far,“ Gaynor says, "Education, not banning, is the only way to get our next group of potential adults and leaders to think carefully about their environmental impact.Why do some schools not allow using glitter?A. It costs students too much money.B. It is littered everywhere at schools.C. It does harm to the environment.D. It does harm to students* health.31. The attitude of Kevin towards the ban of glitter isA. NeutralA. NeutralA. NeutralB. DoubtfulC. unconcernedD. supportive32. Who does Gaynor Bright think should be responsible for glitter?A. Producers.B. Students.C. Teachers.D. Parents.33. Which of the following is cared least by most schools?A. Teacher pay.B. The ban of glitter. C. Workload.D. A finance for school.【答案】31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了各个学校是否应该禁止学生们使用发光的塑料小亮片，从而避免塑料对海洋动物造成危害。31 .细节理解题。根据第二段中“And yet, recent research suggests that glitter is actually bad for the environment.（然而，最近的研窕表明，闪光粉实际上对环境有害户可知，有些学校不允许使用闪光粉是因 为对环境有害。故选C。32 .推理判断题。根据第四段中“I believe it to be a good idea if only to reduce the mess and wastage caused from its use. Many a time I have been told off by my cleaner.（我相信这是一个好主意，如果只是为了减少使用它造成 的混乱和浪费。我多次被我的清洁工骂了一顿）”可推知，Kevin对禁用闪光粉的态度是支持的。故选D。33 .细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, Gaynor Bright, a teacher, believes that "Banning glitter in schools won't make a huge difference,“ she says. "Producing environmentally safe glitter is the answer."（然而, Gaynor Bright, 一位老师，相信“在学校禁止闪光粉不会有很大的区别，”她说，“答案是生产对环境安全的闪光粉。可知, Gaynor Bright认为闪光粉应该由生产商负责。故选A。34 .细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I would suggest that there are many more important issues such as a finance for schools, teacher pay and workload that are much more important than whether glitter should be banned or not（我认为，有许多更重要的问题，如学校的财政，教师的工资和工作量，比是否应该禁止闪光粉更重要）” 可知，禁止闪光粉是大多数学校最不关心的。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选 项中有两项为多余选项。Stare at a blank wall in any room, and you are unlikely to learn much more than the paint color. But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections. 35 But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room-and what they are doing.This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner.36As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct "soft shadows" on walls. 37 But these faint （微弱的）signals are usually drowned out by the main source of environment light. "If we neglect whatever we are observing, you would just be left with camera noise-and signal,“ says Prafiill Sharma, a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time. 38 Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior. The resulting system can automatically analyze footage of a blank wall in any room in real time, determining the number of people and their actions.39 It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.A. The technology is thought advanced.B , These can't be caught by the human eye.C. They recorded various activities of the people in the room.D. Brightly colored clothing can even cast a light reflected glow.E. It also can monitor someone who avoids a camera's line of sight.F. The system is considered a unique and wonderful discovery by camera specialists.G. Although this system can function in any room, it performs poorly in dim lighting.【答案】B 36. E 37. D 38. C 39. G【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一项新技术可以通过扫描墙壁，收集信息来断定房间里有多少人以及人们 的活动等。35.上文“But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections 但是工页 新技术可以在不明显的情况下扫描同一表面上的阴影和反射。户提到了一项可以扫描阴影和发射的新技术， 下文“But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room一and what they are doing.（但它们可以通过一种工具获得并分析，以断定包括房间里有多少人以及他们 正在做什么在内的细节。厂说明可以通过一种工具获得并做出分析，由but可知，空处与下文是转折关系， B项“这些是人眼无法捕捉到的。”符合语境，these指代上文“shadows and reflections"，与下文是转折关系。 故选B。35. 上文“This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner.（这个工具可以从一个空间的局部视图收集信息。它可以在角落里监视活动。户阐述了这个工具的功 能，可以在角落里监视，收集信息，E项中的“monitor”与“spy”意思相近，因此推断E项“它还可以监控那些 避开摄像头视线的人。”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，also是关键词。故选E。36. 上文“As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “soft shadows" on walls.（当人们在房间里走动时,他们的身体会挡住任何可用的光线，在墙壁上创 造出微妙而模糊的“柔软的阴影”。广讲述人们可以挡住光线在墙壁上留下阴影，D项"cast a light reflected glow”话题一致，因此推断D项“色彩鲜艳的衣服甚至可以投射出一种反射的光。”符合语境，与上文是并列 关系，故选Do上文“Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time.（ Sharma和其他研究人员做了这个实验，他们拍摄房间里的一堵 墙，让墙里的人四处走动，随着时间的推移，平均这些帧数。户讲述实验人员拍摄下人们走动的情况下的墙 面，讲述实验过程，下文“Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior.（然后，该团队将这些视频输入机器学习模型，教它哪种柔软的阴影 模式表示哪种行为。户也是讲述实验过程，因此推断空处是讲述实验，因此推断C项“他们记录了房间里的 人的各种活动。”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。37. 下文“It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.（它只能记录它为之受训过的团体规模和活动，而且它需要一个高分辨率的相机；标准 的数码相机会产生太多的背景噪音，而智能手机的拍摄效果更差。厂说明这个系统的不足之处，因此推断G 项“虽然这个系统可以在任何房间里工作，但它在昏暗的灯光下表现不佳。'符合语境，故选G。第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Many parents are watchful about their kids' use of electronic devices and set strict limits for them to protect their children from the potentially harmful effects of too much screen time. But parents may be overlooking another device-related danger - secondhand screen time. Ifs meant to mirror the danger in regard to secondhand smoking. When parents are distracted by an electronic device and only give partial attention to their children, the kids are actually suffering from its influence.Secondhand screen time can bring negative consequences. Kids, whose parents spend too much time with their devices, are more likely to develop addictive behaviours with devices as they grow. Excessive （过度的）device use also sends the message that the device and activities on it are more important than the children. This can lead to a breakdown in the parent-child relationship. When parents are absorbed in their devices, they may not realize their children are exposed to violent or mature content or fast-moving images that are overly stimulating for young brains.Secondhand screen time is an issue parents need to be aware of regardless of their children's age. Parents can take the following tips to reduce its impact.Hocus on quality timeA child's cognitive, communication, social and emotional development happens via their relationships with their care providers. The more time parents spend looking at electronics, the less time they can devote to giving the kids their full attention. This doesn't mean parents should never use devices when they are together with their children. Parents need to be aware of how often they are fully engaged with their children without devices and make sure they offer quality interaction and attention.ASet an exampleParents often tell kids it's important to control device use, but if their experience with parents from early age is watching parents use devices frequently, children are much more likely to follow that model. By setting a good example, parents are sending to their kids the message “do as I do”, which is more effective than “do as I say”.38. What is secondhand screen time according to the passage?39. What problems does secondhand screen time bring to children?40. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.AExcessive device use gets in the way of maintaining a good parent-child relationship, so parents should never use devices in the presence of their children.41. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other ways can you think of to reduce secondhand screen time? (In about 40 words)【答案】It is a device-related danger that children experience when parents are distracted by an electronic device and only give partial attention to their children.42. Secondhand screen time can cause addictive behaviours, a breakdown in the parent-child relationship and exposure to overly stimulating content.43. Excessive device use gets