2022年上海科技大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）.docx

2022年上海科技大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?AII of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT.A、 Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.B、 More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.C、 The job market would be more competitive.D、 It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.【正确答案】B【答案解析】是非判断题。对照原文第九自然段On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs,排除选项 C； It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.排除选项 D； And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?排 除选项A；答案是B。第2题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Q: Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.A、True点得出答案。即：地学化学家们只想通过直觉判断元素的活动。我想等高线对 学生们有好处”。第20题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds.Q: During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo题中说2007年4月28日的地震致使全英格兰都停电, 与文中表达的内容不符。文中说地震殃及英格兰东南部的肯特郡局部地区，电力 中断，几千名居民无电可用。the whole England 与 parts of southeast England 是 不符的，所以选B。第21题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now, Belcher's model battery, a metallic disk completely built by viruses, looks like a regular watch battery. But inside, its components are very smallso tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6?A、It is made of metal.B、 It is a kind of watch battery.C、 It can only be seen with a microscope.D> It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.【正确答案】D【答案解析】做题步骤：四个选项逐一带到原文，找到三个错误选项，一个正确 选项，比NOT TRUE题难。10第22题【单项选择题】It makes good to bring an umbrella; it seems to be raining today.A、 senseB、reasonC、suggestionD、advice【正确答案】A【答案解析】题目意思：今天天气看起来要下雨了，因此带着伞是合情合理的。 此题是 短语意义区分题。此题是A . to make (good) sense "很有意义、合乎情理 的、明智的"B 原因 C建议 D劝告第23题【单项选择题】2009.7 He would that all the classified data should be kept safe when inoffice.A、assureB、 ensureC、insureD、secure【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查动词意义区分。【译文】他保证在办公室里的所有机密数 据处于平安状态。【详细解答】A使确信，使有信心；B确保(某事)发生，担 保；C为投保，给保险；D平安的，没有危险的第24题【单项选择题】2007.04 If the operation carefully prepared, it would not have beensuccessful.A、was not11B、has not been C> had not been D、were not 【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查虚拟语气。主句是对过去的虚拟，所以根据句意，条件状 语从句也应该是对过去的虚拟，所以用had done的形式。句意：如果手术没有 经过认真仔细的准备，它就不会成功。第25题【单项选择题】Sickness often eating too much.A、as a result ofB、result ofC、result inD、result from【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查result的词组辨析。as a result of：由于的结果result in： 导致result from：由造成，因而产生第26题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. . Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds-of pain messages to the brain: one very fast, the other slow.A、 It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals.B、These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord （脊 髓）to the brain, and back down again.C、The first message is the warning signal.D、The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second.【正确答案】B12【答案解析】第一句讲的是疼痛的感觉是由两种信号signals组成的，所以紧接 着就提到两种信号的传播路线。B项恰恰照应了首句意思。第27题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there. In Fleet Street, home of some of London's biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions?A、 Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work.B、More jobs will be created by the union.C、More people will be employed than necessary.D、The unions w川 try to increase productivity.【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段开头告诉读者"there are more men than are needed.when two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two”,接 下来作者又进一步说明其实质，即它意味着"33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained"。第28题【单项选择题】阅读选择But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All we'd have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is - remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world.According to the passage, sea-water can be turned into fresh water byA、 heating it up.B、treating it with chemicals.C、 taking salt out of it.13D、 drying it up.【正确答案】c【答案解析】海水之所以不能饮用就是因为它是咸的。答题依据是本段的remove the salt 即 take salt out。第29题【单项选择题】2008.04）The vehicle was traveling at speeds 90 miles per hour.A、in addition toB、in view ofC、in excess ofD、in search of【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查短语辨析。那辆车以超过每小时90英里的速度行驶。A. 除之外、例外；B.由看来、有鉴于；C.过分、超出；D.寻找、追 求。第30题【单项选择题】【填句补文】David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school:, For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears （北极熊）,and winter tourism. A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program.A、Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values.B、Learning starts with the children's interests and questions.C、 Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math.D、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.14【正确答案】B【答案解析】此空要填的是home-schoolers与其他孩子学习的不同点，因此选B。第31题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the lAOO's.Which country is the largest coffee producer?A、Brazil.B、Colombia.C、Ethiopia.D、Egypt.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答题依据在本段的第三句。Producer与grower意思等同。第32题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth - literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide.Q: The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。该题目说的是：Kiribati的人民担忧他们的国家将被突发 的洪水淹没。该题源于第一句：Kiribati的国民担忧在近期的某一天，他们的国15家将会地球上面消失by a sudden high tide。第33题【单项选择题】2009.04）She everything else and concentrated on the task before her.A、set offB、set backC、set asideD、set up【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查短语意义辨析。译文：她把其他事情都放到一边，集中精 力于她面前的任务。详细解答：A出发、动身；B把（某物）置于之后、延迟； C撇开、取消、废除；D建立、提出。第34题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Physiologically, we are rhythmical. We must eat, sleep, breathe, and play regularly to maintain good health. Emotionally we are rhythmical, too, for psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of relative depression and exhilaration. Intellectually we are also rhythmical, for we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration. It naturally follows then that rhythm, a fundamental aspect of our lives, must be a part of any good literary workwhether poetry or prose.According to the passage, which of the followingpairs of activities best illustrates intellectual rhythm?A、Studying a science book and then studying a psychology bookB、Learning a poem and then taking a napC、Playing ball at the beach and then going swimmingD、Solving a math problem and then solving a chemistry problem【正确答案】B【答案解析】段落的结尾处讲到：在脑力活动方面，我们也同样是有节奏的，因 为我们在高度集中精力一段时间以后，必须让脑子有一个松弛的阶段（we must16 have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration") o 根据这个信息， A、 D项内容都是高度集中的脑力活动，与原文内容恰好相反；B项内容是学习诗歌 与小睡一会，正好符合原文，一张一弛。而C项内容又全是不费脑力的活动，也 不符合原文。第35题【单项选择题】【2009.01 What he told us was more of a(n)than a reality.A、illusionB、demonstrationC、illustrationD、reputation【正确答案】A答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。句意：他告诉我们的更可能是幻想而不是现实。 考查名词词义。A幻想，错误观念；B演示，证明；C图解，实例；D名声， 名誉。第36题【单项选择题】2009.04 Don/t trust everything you have read in the newspapers.A、whichB、 thatC、asD、what【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查定语从句。译文：不要相信你在报纸上读到的每件事。定 语从句所修饰的先行词是不定代词everything,应选B。第37题【单项选择题】2007.04 The central theatre has a seating of more than 3, 000 people.17A、capabilityB、capacityC、abilityD、facility【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。ability主要指天赋的能力或应用知识的才能， 应该是属于那种已经具备并开展较快的能力。如"He has unusual ability in sciencezzo capability与ability不同的是，它不仅能用于人，也可用于物，如：Electronic refinements, however, have greatly extended the uses and capabilities of some of the older electrical devices, capacity指容纳或吸收事物的能力,可用于人和物。 如"The hall has a seating capacity of 500”。根据句意，此题应该选 capacityo第38题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich in ultraviolet rays.A、Ionosphere is high above the earth.B> If the lights in your house keep flickering, blame frequent sunspots.C、According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to I960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots.D、A paper published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease.【正确答案】D【答案解析】这一段说的是太阳黑子对人类健康的影响。填入的内容也应该与健 康有关，空格后一句说到要保护皮肤。因此D是正确的。第39题【单项选择题】18No sooner had we reached home a violent storm broke out.A、whenB、 thatC、untilD、 than【正确答案】D【答案解析】题目意思：我们刚一到家，一场猛烈的暴风雨就下起来了。此题是 固定搭配题。此题是no sooner. than "一就."第40题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic EruptionsB、Accounting for the Killing Power of Older EruptionsC、Calculation of the Killing Power of Older EruptionsD、A Mass Extinction【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段第一句话是说:Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes.； Wignall计算了这些火山的“灭绝效率 ；其中killing efficiency与 killing Power意思差不多，属于同义词转换，因此选择B或C,但是account for意 思是：（在数量方面）占；说明（原因等）不符合句意，因此不选择B。第41题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Physiologically, we are rhythmical. We must eat, sleep, breathe, and play regularly to maintain good health. Emotionally we are rhythmical, too, for psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of relative depression and19B、FalseC> Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。此题的意思是：救援车辆费了很大劲才把人救出来。此 句的意思在最后一句提到了，应选A。第3题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】The children don't just plan any city. They map and analyze （分析）the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect （建筑师）who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations/Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom/ says the teacher who developed this program. "They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected 'official7 and 'planning group7 make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser/An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom.A、to find out kids' creative ideasB> to discuss with the teacherC、to give children lecturesD、to help kids with their program【正确答案】D【答案解析】根据本段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations可知答案为D。句中的aid意为"帮助"，与help同义。第4题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are2exhilaration. Intellectually we are also rhythmical, for we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration. It naturally follows then that rhythm, a fundamental aspect of our lives, must be a part of any good literary workwhether poetry or prose.According to the passage, which of the followingpairs of activities best illustrates intellectual rhythm?A、Studying a science book and then studying a psychology bookB、Learning a poem and then taking a napC、Playing ball at the beach and then going swimmingD、Solving a math problem and then solving a chemistry problem【正确答案】B【答案解析】段落的结尾处讲到：在脑力活动方面，我们也同样是有节奏的，因 为我们在高度集中精力一段时间以后，必须让脑子有一个松弛的阶段("we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration")。根据这个信息, A、 D项内容都是高度集中的脑力活动，与原文内容恰好相反；B项内容是学习诗歌 与小睡一会，正好符合原文，一张一弛。而C项内容又全是不费脑力的活动，也 不符合原文。第42题【单项选择题】2007.04 If the operation carefully prepared, it would not have beensuccessful.A、was notB、has not beenC、had not beenD、were not【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查虚拟语气。主句是对过去的虚拟，所以根据句意，条件状 语从句也应该是对过去的虚拟，所以用had done的形式。句意：如果手术没有 经过认真仔细的准备，它就不会成功。20第43题【单项选择题】2009.01 I was writing a report last night;I would not have stayed up late.A、howeverB、otherwiseC> thereforeD、furthermore【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查副词词义辨析。句意：我昨天晚上写一个报告，否那么我就 不会熬夜了。A然而，不过；B否那么，要不然；C因此，所以；D再者，而且。第44题【单项选择题】阅读选择But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All we'd have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is - remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world.According to the passage, sea-