中考英语定语从句讲解及练习(共9页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语定语从句讲解及练习 在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that 。引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。一、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。This is the man who helped me.The boy who/whom we saw yesterday is Johns brother.二、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后 whom不能省略)The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后。look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off)三、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.四、that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which)The letter (that/which) I received was from my father.I cant find the letter that/which came this morning.Do you still remember the days (that/which)we spent together ?This is the man that/who helped me.The house (that/which) we live in is not large. =The house in which we live is not large.The doctor (that/whom /who)you are looking for is in the room.五、which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。This is the book (which/that ) you want.The building which/that stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)The house (which/that) we live in is not large. This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.六、只能用that的情况小结：1. 在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。 There are two novels that I want to read. 我要读的有两本小说。 There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 2. 当先行词为主句的表语 This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。 3. 以Here is (are)开头的句子时。 Here is a film that will move anyone. 这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。 Here are two books that I will buy. 这是我要买的两本书。 4. It is (high) time +定语从句中。 It is time that we should have a rest. 我们应该休息了。 It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。 5. 当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，可省略。 This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。 She admired the way in which I answered the questions. 她羡慕我回答问题的方式。 6. 在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。 He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest. 他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。 My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isnt far from here. 我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。 7. 当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。 This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。 The only book I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。 8. 在强调句子中，并且以who ,which, what开头时。 Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了？ What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了？ 9. 当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。 This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。 10. 当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时， This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。 Have you any books that are worth reading?你有值的看的书吗？ 11. 当先行词既指人又指物时。 The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them . Lets talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.12. 当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用something时，用which 或者that均可。 Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。 I have nothing that is worth reading.13. 当先行词是疑问代词who时。 Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？七、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing. ( 介词which可以代替 when)Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.I remember the days which/that we spent together.八、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。This is the place where we lived for five years.The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.( 介词which可以代替where)This is a place which/that I wanted to visit. Shanghai is the city where I was born.九、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。I know the reason why he came late. ( forwhich可以代替why)The reason why / for which he was late was that he was ill.十、关系代词在从句中作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。The student who is good at English studies hard.The students who are good at English study hard.十一、定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：I was the only person in my office who was invited. 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.练习：一、把两句合并成一个定语从句。1The woman is here nowYou were talking about her2The bus was the wrong oneXiao Li was running after it3The wallet has been foundMrHopkins was looking for it4The recorder has been stolenWang spent all the money on it5. We stayed in a hotel. Jason stayed in the hotel last year.6. I love sunny days. On sunny days you dont need to wear a coat.7. I lent my bike to a friend. The friend is coming to my house today.8. My cousin goes to a school. The school is the best in Guangzhou.9. My brother plays in the football team. The team won the match.二、用下划线划出定语从句。Look at the following sentences and underline all the relative clauses:1. Do you remember the date when the first man landed on the moon?2. Shuttleworth went to the place where Tito lived.3. The airport at which Armstrong learned to fly was near his home.4. The man to whom Shutteworth spoke in space was Tito.三、在横线上填入关系词。Fill in the gaps with when, where, or preposition + which/whom.The place _ Neil Armstrong lived as a boy is Ohio, USA.My birthday _ I got lots of presents was on Friday!The lady _ you wrote your letter is my mum.The chair _ the fat man was sitting broke.1. The bed _ you slept last night is 100 years old.2. Tomorrow is the day _ I get my exam results.3. This year were going on holiday to the place _ my parents first met.4. Dr Smith _ I have learned a lot is a very nice man.5. Christmas Day is a day _ the family gets together.6.This is the place _ Harry Potter first arrives at the magic school.7. The school _ Deng Xiaoping studied as a child is now a museum.8. The children _ he is talking are his students.9. Friday _ I have my piano lesson, is the busiest day of my week.10. You are the only person _ I can talk about my problem.11. The building _ we used to work will be torn down next year.12. The man _ I sent the package lives on Beijing Road.13. England , _ John comes, is in Europe.14. The teacher, _ Tom felt sorry, is his class teacher.15. The answer _ I was sure has been proved right.四、用关系代词（that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose）或关系副词（when、 where、 why）填空。1This is the man _ wants to see you.2The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3The man _ you went to see has come.4The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.7These books _ you lent me were very useful.8A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.9This is the shirt _I bought yesterday.10The book _ is on the table is mine.11The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.12I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.13Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?14Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.15The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.16I dont know the reason _ he was late for the class.17A birthday is the date _ one was born.18Do you know the reason _ no one questioned Aristotle's theory for about 2,000 years?19Do you still remember the days _we spent together last term?20Shanghai is the city _ I was born.21The house _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.22I still remember the day _I first came to the school.23The time _we got together finally came.24Please tell me the reason _ you missed the plane.25I dont know the reason_ he looks unhappy today.26Everything _ I know will be taught to the students.27This is the best film _ I have ever seen.28The manager walked toward the gate _ the workers are waiting.29You cant go into this room _ they are having a meeting.30I still remember the days _ we studied together.31The picture _ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.32He failed in the exam, _ surprised us all .33Her parents wouldnt let her marry anyone _ family was poor.34Tom, _ parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.35. The boys_ are playing football are from Class One.36. Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.37. Football is a game _is liked by most boys. 38 .I visited a scientist _ name is known all over the country. 39. He likes to read books _ are written by foreign writers.40. The season_ comes after spring is summer.41. He succeeded in the competition, _ made his parents very happy.42. The reason _ he was punished is unknown to us.43. The school _ he once studied is very famous.44. I still remember the day _ I first came to this school.45. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited. 46. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him. 47. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class. 48. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children. 49. Is this the place _ your father once lived? 50. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League. 51. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.52. I'll never forget the day_ we met each other last week.53. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.54. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.55. I'll never forget the last day_ we spent together.56. This is the school _I used to study.57. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?58. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?59. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake?60. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.61. You are the only person _ I can talk about my problem.62. The building _ we used to work will be torn down next year.63. Tomorrow is the day _ I get my exam results.64. This year were going on holiday to the place _ my parents first met.65. Dr Smith _ I have learned a lot is a very nice man.66. Christmas Day is a day _ the family gets together.67.This is the place _ Harry Potter first arrives at the magic school.68. The school _ Deng Xiaoping studied as a child is now a museum.五. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。 1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. 2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college. 3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there. 4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her. 5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day. 6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us. 7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week. 9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science. 10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor. 六、单项选择。( )1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. thatB. whoC. whom D. this( )2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whomB. whichC. who D. /( )3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. thatB. whoseC. which D. as( )4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. whichC. who D. whom( )5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. that C. which D. /( )6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. whichB. thatC. /D. it( )7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all( )8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. WhoC. The one whoD. The students who( )9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. A. whichB. whomC. whose D. this( )10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whomC. which D. /( )11. This is the only article of these that _ written by him. A. wasB. wereC. is D. are( )12. The man _ was here just now is a doctor. A. whomB. whoC. /D. he( )13. The boy _ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door( )14. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who( )15. Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _. A. /, toB. that, /C. where, toD. which, there( )16. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. whatB. whichC. as D. ./ ( )17. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there( )18. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. whereB. in thatC. that