高中英语高考英语名词常考题型例题及答案第e8412期.docx

高中英语高考英语名词常考题型例题及答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）1、 My mother is in a middle school. She teaches history very well.A. driverB. dancerC. teacherD. writer答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈是中学老师。她历史教得非常好。A. driver司机；B.dancer舞蹈演员；C. teacher教师;D.writer作家。根据句中"She teaches history very well"可知,我妈妈历史教得非常好,因此她 是一名教师。应选C项。2、 You can't take photos without her.A. adventureB. faultC. patienceD. permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:没有她的允许你不能拍照。A.adventure冒险；B.fault过错；C.patience耐心； 0.permission允许。由"You can't take photos without her”可知，句子意为“没有她的允许你不能拍照，因此空 格处为允许，应选D。3、The Great Wall is a great tourist, drawing millions of visitors every year.A. attentions. attractionC. appointmentD. arrangement答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：长城是一个伟大的旅游景点，每年吸引数以百万计的游客。A. attention注意力；B. attraction 有吸引力的事物;C. appointment 约会；D. arrangement 安排。根据"drawing millions of visitors every year可知，应使用名词attraction构成名词词组tourist attraction,意为“旅游景点使 应选B项。4、When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math, schools may provide teaching, a specific此处是短语：make great contributions to,意为“对做出重大贡献应选C。29、 Please give us plenty of notice if you have to cancel an.A. argumentB. appointmentC. assumptionD. assistance答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你取消一个约会，请及时通知我们。A.argument论证；B.appointment约会； C.assumption假定，设想；D.assistance帮助。由句意可知，应该是取消约会所以要及时通知我们,应选B。30、Children's over-dependence on cellphones has become one of the top of modern parents.A. benefitsB. concernsC. responsesD. functions答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子对手机的过度依赖已经成为现代父母最担忧的问题之一。A. benefits好处；B.concerns 担忧的事；C. responses 反响；D. functions 功能。 根据上文“Childrens over-dependence on cellphoneshas become one of the top可知指孩子对手机的过度依赖已经成为现代父母最担忧的问题之一，应用concerno 应选Bo31、Some department stores offer a 20% discount on food products six hours before the date on theproduct.A. packagingB. expirationC. composition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些百货公司在食品保质期前6小时提供20%的折扣。A.packaging外包装；B.expiration 到期;C. composition 作文。根据"offer a 20% discount on food products”可知，食品到期之前百货公 司才会打折,expiration date （食物的）有效期。应选B。32、Because of the tight and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunch10break to finish homework.A. scheduleB. investigationC. performanceD. impression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A.schedule 日程安排；B. investigation 调查；C. performance 表现；D. impression E|1 象。根据"heavy workload ofGrade 12可知，高三年级日程安排紧张。应选A项。33、 Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees, a great many answered the call.A. ancestorsB. applicantsC. operatorsD. boarders答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：读了招聘合格员工的广告后，很多求职者都应征了。A. ancestors祖先；B.applicants 申请人,求职者；C. operators 操作员;D. boarders 寄宿者。根据上文“Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees”可知此处指求职者应征，应用applicantSo应选B。34、 I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl and she has changed beyond.A. generations. recognitionC. investigationD. graduation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从萨拉小时候就没见过她了，她已经变得认不出来了。A.generation 一代（人）；B.recognition 认出， 识另ll； C.investigation 调查；D.graduation 毕业。根据"I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl”可知，此处是指她已经变了许多，让人认不出来了。应选B。35、 We should respect the people's religious.A. blossomB. beliefC. poetD. award答案：B11解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们应该尊重人民的宗教信仰。A. blossom花朵；B.belief信仰；C. poet诗人；D. award奖励。由religious可知,此处指“宗教信仰。应选B项。36、Linda gave us a vivid of her trip to Mount Lushan after her return.A. directionB. explanationC. imaginationD. account答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：琳达回来后给我们生动地描述了她的庐山之行。Adrection方向；B.explanation解 释；C.imagination想象力；D.account描述。由“of her trip to Mount Lushan”可知，句子表示“琳达回来后给我们 生动地描述了她的庐山之行，空格处是描述，应选D。37、To the great of the citizens, no one else was infected with the coronavirus except the 136 confirmedcases.A. relaxationB. disappointmentC. reliefD. surprise答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：令市民大为宽慰的是，除了 136例确诊病例外，没有其他人感染了冠状病毒。A.relaxation 放松；B. disappointment 失望；C. relief 解脱、宽慰；D. surprise 惊讶。结合no one else was infected with the coronavirus可知，知晓无其他人感染冠状病毒，市民肯定大感宽慰。应选C项。38、The US said it was ready to join the between the six countries and Iran.A. translationB. determinationC. definitionD. negotiation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国表示，它已准备好参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。A. translation翻译；B.determination 决心；C. definition 定义；D. negotiation 谈判。 根据"between the six countries and Iran.可矢口， 此12处表示参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。应选D。39、At present, the plays an important role in the city/s transportation system.A. hikeB. fitnessC. subwayD. stress答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:目前，地铁在城市交通系统中扮演着重要的角色。A. hike徒步旅行；B.fitness健 康；C.subway地铁；D.stress压力。根据常识可知，地铁属于城市交通系统的一局部。应选C。40、 The of a passage gives readers very important information about the main idea of it.A. titleB. homeworkC. houseworkD. panic答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一篇文章的标题可以给读者提供有关文章主旨的重要信息。A. title标题；B.homework家庭作业；C.housework家务；D.panic惊恐。根据"the main idea ”可知,此处表示文章的标题。故 选Ao“The next station is Bank!” comes the. That's my destination.A. movementB. announcementC. techniqueD. documentary答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:广播传来下一站是银行站那是我的目的地。A.movement运动，活动；B.announcement通告，广播；C.technique 技术；D.documentary 记录电影节目。根据 The next station isBank!可知这是广播的通知。应选B项。41、 Life is full of, so we must think clearly about how to make them before deciding.A. choicesB. candlesC. colorsD. competitions13答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活中充满了选择，所以我们必须在做出决定之前仔细地考虑清楚要如何做出选 择。A. choices 选择;B. candles 蜡烛;C. colors 颜色;D. competitions 竞争。根据后文的 we must think clearly about how to make them before deciding可推断，此处指生活中充满了“选择，所以才需要在做出决定之前仔 细地考虑清楚要如何选择。应选A项。42、 We have entered into age humans are concerned about animal welfare.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. while答案：B解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了关心动物福利的时代。先行词age,后接限定性定语从句，先行词在从 句中作时间状语，应用关系副词引导从句。应选B项。44> While most of us are only too ready to others the cold wind of)we are somehow reluctantto give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.A. respond to.conflicts, apply to .criticismC. react to.threatD. reply to.superiority答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上，但不知何故 却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A. respond to对作出回应，conflict冲突，矛盾；B. apply to 把应用到，把施加到，criticism批评；C.react to对作出反映，threat威胁;D.reply to对作 出回复，superiority优越，优势。根据while可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of 和第二句话中的"give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相反。和 praise 相反的是“批评(criticism)”。所以应该选B。apply sth. to sb.意为将应用到，将施加到该处指apply the cold wind of criticism14to others（将批评的冷风施加到别人身上,即:批评别人）。应选B。45> The official is preparing documents for a four-nation regional meeting on elephant.A. constitutionB. affectionC. conservationD. production答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:这位官员正在为一个关于大象保护的四国区域会议准备文件。A. constitution构成, 组成;B. affection喜爱;C. conservation保护；D. production生产。这里指关于大象保护的文件。应选CoThe officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct in applying for a visa.A. declarationB. gravityC. procedureD. porcelain答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员坚持说，迈克尔在申请签证时没有按照正确的程序。A. declaration宣布;Bgravity重力;C. procedure程序;D.porcelain瓷器。根据 applying for a visa”可知,签证耍按照程序申请。应选C。47、The Chinese volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest.A. inspirations. expectationsC. invitationsD. cooperation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:中国排球队赢得了世界杯的胜利，这大大超出我们的预料。A. inspiration灵感；B. expectations期望；预料；C.invitations邀请；D.cooperation合作。根据句意可知，中国排球队赢得世界杯的 胜利，所以这出乎我们的意料，beyond one's expectation表示"超出某人的预料，应选B。48、Since you have no child after ten years' marriage, you/d better a child from local government forA. adapt; companyB. adapt; friend15C. adopt; friendD. adopt; company答案：D解析：考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：既然你婚后十年没有孩子，你最好从当地政府收养一个孩子做伴。adaptv. 适应；adopt V.收养；company n.陪伴；friend n.朋友。 根据"you have no child after ten years，marriage"可知， 第 一空是建议收养(adopt)一个孩子，第二空表示收养孩子的目的，for company为固定搭配，表示做伴。应选 D项。49、 In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundingsC. lay; surroundingD. did lie; surroundings答案：B解析：考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除C、D项，主语是two towns,是复数，故谓语动词用复数，surrounding"周围的，是形容 词，surroundings"环境是名词，形容词beautiful修饰名词surroundings作介词宾语，应选B。50、Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high-yielding rice, making outstanding contributions to China's food.A. lackB. cuisineC. securityD. purchase答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食平安做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏；B. cuisine风味；A security平安;D.purchase采购。由语意可知,袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、平安的水稻。应选C项。1651、The royal family has announced that the of the new baby is female.A. weightB. issueC. gender答案：c解析：考查名词。句意:皇室宣布新生儿的性别为女性。A.weight重量;B.issue问题；C.gender性别。根据空格后 “female可知，空格处指性别。应选C。52、 We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the children on her own.A. confidenceB. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A. confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负；C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。 根据后文for she had to bring up the children on her own（因为她必须单独抚养孩子）可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选D。53、Nowadays, food safety has become the of the government as well as the society.A. advantages. focusC. companyD. anger答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，食品平安以及成为政府和社会关注的焦点。A. advantage优点；B. focus焦 点；C pany公司，陪伴；D.anger愤怒。根据句意，政府和社会关注食品平安，应选B项。54、We made him our monitor.戈ll线成分是A.宾语B.定语C.状语D.宾补答案：D 解析:17考查句子成分。句意：我们选他当班长。句子中，动词made为谓语，him为宾语，our monitor意为"我们的班长，对宾语作补充说明，为宾语补足语。应选口。55、 The sunrise is a beautiful in the morning.A. traditionB. gravityC. sceneD. dessert答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:早晨的日出是一幅美丽的景色。A. tradition传统；B.gravity重力;C.scene景色;D. dessert甜点。根据"The sunrise”可知，日出是一幅美丽的景色。应选C。18program to address academic needs.A. comparisonB. accumulationC. interventionD. conservation答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预，这是一 个针对学业需求的特定工程。A. comparison比照；B.accumulation积累；C. intervention干预；D. conservation 保护。由“When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math可知，句子表示“当孩子们在阅读或数学等 科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预，空格处意为''干预，应选C。5、The program is aimed to give the people in the countryside to safe drinking water.A. accessB. passageC. wayD. approach答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析和短语。句意：这个工程目标是给农村人提供使用平安饮水的机会。A.access接触； B.passage通道；C.way方式；D.approach方法。根据accessto （使用.的机会）可知空格处填access。应选 Ao6、In a, two or more speakers express two or more opposing views.A. challenges. scheduleC. opportunityD. debate答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在辩论中，两个或两个以上的发言者表达两种或两种以上相反的观点。A.challenge 挑战；B. schedule 计划表；C. opportunity 机会；D. debate 辩论。根据后文“two or more speakers express two or more opposing views提出两个或两个以上的发言者表达两种或两种以上相反的观点，可知是在 辩论中。应选D。7、 He is a wonderful of mine and we can talk for hours on end.A. components. committeeC. communityD. companion答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我的好伙伴，我们可以连续谈上几个小时。A. component组成局部；B.committee 委员会；C. community 社区；D. companion 同伴。根据前文“He及后文we can talk for hours on end” 可知，此处指同伴；伙伴。应选D项。8、You should have asked for your parents'before you go out for a whole night.A. permissionB. excitementC. admissionD. encouragement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你出去整晚之前应该征得你父母的许可。A. permission许可；B. excitement激动；C. admission 成认；D. encouragement 鼓励。根据空后“before you go out for a whole night.”可知，因为要外出 待一整晚，所以空处需用名词permission,表示获得父母的许可。应选A。9、Hangzhou is such an city that it often makes a strong on visitors and its sights never fail toattract foreign tourists.A. impressed, impressionB. impressing , impressionC. impressive, impressD. impressive, impression答案：D解析：考查形容词和名词。句意：杭州是一座令人印象深刻的城市，它经常给游客留下深刻的印象，它的风景总是 吸引着外国游客。第一个空要填形容词在句中做定语，修饰city。impressive令人难忘的，可以用于人，也 可以用于物；-ing形式形容词，一般用来修饰物体；-ed形式形容词一般用来修饰人。impressing一般不作形 容词用。make an impression on给留下印象。应选D。10、With the popularity of smart phones, people gradually lose the for watching television, which makes TV3a decoration of the house.A. analysisB. appetiteC. incidentD. appreciation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着智能手机的普及，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣，这使得电视成为了家里的 一种装饰。A. analysis 分析；B. appetite 兴趣，欲望；C. incident 事件；D. appreciation 欣赏。根据"which makes TV a decoration of the house可知，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣,appetite符合题意。应选B。11、 I have decided to take the entrance examinations to college.Wish you.A. a luckB. a good luckC. luckD. a success答案：c解析：考查名词的数。句意：一一我已经决定参加大学入学考试了。一一祝你好运。success表示成功时，为抽象概 念和luck （运气）均为不可数名词,前面不能用不定冠词，故排除A、B和D选项。wish you luck祝你好运。故 选CoDuring the pandemic, all patients and their families, without, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.A. permissionB. effortC. exceptionD. access答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疾病大流行期间，所有患者及其家属，无一例外，在进入医院前都必须携带身 份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可；B.effort努力;C. exception例外;D.access通道。根据句意和句 中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外，"exception”意为例外”， 名词词性，"without exception"意为"无一例外。应选C项。13> If the temperature is below 0 C, water will turn into in the open air.A. iceB. steamC. fogD. rain答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果温度低于0摄氏度，水在户外就会结冰。A. ice冰；B. steam蒸气；C.fog雾;D. rain雨。根据常识可知，在户外，气温低于0度，水就会结冰。应选A。14> We are having a debate over the of smoking on our lungs.A. gainB. awardC. opportunityD. impact答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正在讨论吸烟对我们肺部的影响。A. gain好处，利益；B. award奖品，奖金;C. opportunity机会；D. impact影响。根据句意，空处需填名词impact,表示"影响"。应选D项。15、The to success is to make good use of the chance to education.A. accessB. fountainC. potentialD. document答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功的途径是充分利用受教育的机会。A. access通路、入径；B. fountain喷泉；C.potential潜力;D. document文件。the access to.（ 的途径）符合句意。应选A项。16、 The ability to keep calm is one of her many. Owing to that, she was promoted to deal with the emergency.A. basesB. challengesC. benefitsD. strengths答案：D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意：保持冷静的能力是她的许多优点之一。因此，她被提拔去处理紧急情况。A. bases 基础,基地；B. challenges挑战；C. benefits好处;D.strengths优点。结合句意可知,此处指保持冷静是她众 多优点之一，strength符合题意。应选D。17、As expected, the boy who shows great in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport universityfor his talent.A. requirementB. respectC. additionD. promise答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，这个在打羽毛球方面大有可为的男孩因其天赋被体育大学录取。A.requirement要求；B.respect尊重；C.addition增加；D.promise希望，可能性。根据句意,此处表达“那个男 孩在羽毛球方面展现了极大的成功的可能性。应选D项。18、Many people make a sharp between humans and other animals.A. balanceB. examinationC. distinctionD. conclusion答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人把人类和其他动物区分得很清楚。A. balance平衡；B.examination检查；C. distinction区分;D.conclusion结论。根据后文“between humans and other animals指区分人类和其它动物，应 用 distinctiono 应选 Co19、The English teacher asked the students to give a of the text.A. balletB. seniorC. generationD. summary答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：英语老师要求学生们给出课文概要。A. ballet芭蕾舞；B. senior较年长的人；C.generation 代人；D. summary 概要。 由上下文“The English teacher asked the students to give a of thetext."可知，老师要求学生给出课文的摘要，应选D。20> Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.A. frightenedB. lovelyC. pressureD. unfamiliar答案：c解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的；B.lovely可 爱的；C. pressure压力；D.unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词the,以及作定语的形容词great可 知,应填入名词pressure（压力）作宾语,且under.pressure是常用词组,表示“承受压力。应选C项。21、What was the of the football match last night?AC Milan won the game.A. valueB. resultC. choiceD. decision答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一昨晚足球比赛的结果是什么？ 一一AC米兰赢了。A. value价值；B. result结果;C. choice选择；D. decision决定。根据答语"AC Milan won the game.可知此处是在问比赛结果，应选B。22、The lect