初中英语常考近义词同义词辨析.docx

初中英语常考近义词同义词辨析初中英语常考近义词同义词辨析练习（1） Many   much   more   a lot   a lot of (lots of) 1. How _ bananas do you want?  2. How _ fruit would you like to buy?  3. There arent _ eggs in the basket.  4. There isnt _ milk in the glass.  5. I was ill yesterday. But I feel _ better now.  6. We can learn _ from the book.  7._ of us like playing basketball.  8. Kate is _ younger than Mary.  9. There is _ rain in the spring than in the autumn here. 答案：1.many; 2.much; 3.many/a lot of; 4.much/ a lot of; 5.much; 6.a lot; 7.many; 8.much; 9.more 注释：many修饰可数名词复数；much修饰不行数名词；a lot of/ lots of 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不行数名词；a lot 相当于名词，“很多”的意思；more更多的，用于比较级，通常和“than”连用。 Some  any  no 1.Are there _ eggs in the basket?  2.There is _ milk in the glass, and you can drink it. 3. “Would you like _ bananas?” “No, thanks.” 4. “Do you have _ idea about it?” “No, I have _ idea.”  5. Look at the children. _ are singing, _ are dancing.  6. We study Chinese, English, math, and _ other subjects.  7. Chinese is more popular than _ other subject.  8. I am tired and I cant go _ further. 9. I dont feel _ better now. 答案：1.any; 2.some; 3.some; 4.any; 5.no; 6.some/ some; 7.some; 8.any; 9.any 注释：some“一些”，一般用于确定句中，有时也用在疑问句中表示希望得到对方的确定回答；any“一些”，用于疑问和否定句中；no“没有”。 What   how 1._ is the weather today?  2._ is the weather like today?  3. I dont know _ to do.  4. I dont know _ to do it.  5. “_ do you like the food?” -  “Very much.” 6. _ do you think of this movie?  7._ do you like about china?  The people and the food.  8. He doesnt know _ to do with this broken bike.  9. Can you tell me _ to deal with this problem?  10. “_ is he like?” “He is serious and kind.” 11. “_ does he look like?” “He is tall and has curly hair.” 答案：1.how; 2.what; 3.what; 4.how; 5.how; 6.what; 7.what; 8.what; 9.how; 10.what; 11.what 注释：询问天气有两个句型：how is the weather?/ What is the weather like? ; 3,4两个句子中从句部分，假如不定式”to do”后面不接任何名词或代词，从句引导词用”how”, 反之，则用”what”; 5句，询问程度用”how”; 6句，what do you think of + 某人/某事物你觉得-怎么样？；8,9句与3,4句做法相同；10,11句，固定句型：what is he like?他性格怎么样？/ what does he look like?他长什么样？ Have   has  there is  there are   is there   are there 1. How many minutes _ in an hour?  2. We _ many flowers in our garden.  3._ you an iphone5? = do you _ an iphone5?  4. _ a blackboard and a lot of desks in the classroom.  5._ four seasons in a year.  6. One of my friends _ a plane.  7._ a lot of milk in the bottle.  8._ three bottles of milk in the fridge.  9. He _ a pen in his hand.  10._ any cheese on the plate?  11. _ any people in the classroom?  12. There _ _ a football match tomorrow.  13. There _ _ _ a church here. (过去有).  14. There _ _ somebody in the office. (肯定有)  答案：1.are there; 2.have; 3.have/ have; 4.there is; 5.there are; 6.has; 7.there is; 8.there are; 9.has; 10.is there; 11.are there; 12.will be; 13.used to be; 14.must be 注释：have, has“有”，主语只能是人，第一二人称及第三人称复数用have,第三人称单数用has；there be句型也表示“有”的意思，4,5句要留意there be 句型的“就近原则”，即：be动词用单数还是复数要看其后的名词或代词是单数还是复数，假如是单数be动词就用单数，反之用复数；7句，milk是不行数名词，be动词用单数；8句，虽然milk不行数，但紧跟there be 句型后的名词是bottles（复数），所以按就近原则，应当用” there are”; 10句，cheese不行数，所以be动词用单数，11句中，people是可数名词复数（people单复数同形），所以be动词用复数；12句，tomorrow 示意事情应当发生在将来，所以用there will be（将来会有-）；13句，there used to be过去有-；14句，there must be 肯定有- Good  well  fine  nice 1.Tom is a _ boy .He plays football very _ 2.He is _ at math and she does _ in English 3.Its a _ day. Lets go for a walk 4.This kind of food is _ to eat 5.Do you know tom? Yes , I know him very _ 6.She sings _ and dances _ 7.How are you? _ thank you, and you? 8.He feels _ enough to go to school now. 9.Sports are _ for our health 10.The _ teacher is always _ to her students 答案：1.good/ well; 2.good/ well; 3.fine; 4.good; 5.well; 6.well/ well; 7.fine; 8.well; 9.good; 10.nice/ good 注释：四个词都有“好“的意思，good常用在名词前做定语，或用在”be”动词后面做表语，不能用在动词后修饰该动词；well 可用在动词后修饰该动词，也可表示状态好，身体好；fine 可形容天气好（晴朗），还可用来回答“how are you?你好吗？”表示自己很好；nice 有“美丽”的意思，常指外形（貌）好。留意几个固定搭配 be good at = do well in 擅长做某事；be good for 对-有好处；be good to sb. 对某人好；be good to do sth. 做某事是有好处的 In  on  at 1._ the evening of October 5th , I saw a car run into the river 2._ a summer evening when he was on his way home, a big dog was following him 3.This story happened _ a cold evening of January 1999  4.We usually do our homework _ the evening 5.she likes to go out for a walk _ night 6._ a rainy night, I lost my way in a woods. 答案：1.on; 2.on; 3.on; 4.in; 5.at; 6.on 注释：在详细某天的上下午，晚上用”on”；当”morning, afternoon, evening, night”前有词语修饰时，也用”on”；in the evening(morning/ afternoon)是固定短语，此外留意”at night = in the night在晚上； on the cold night”(当night前有词语修饰时也用“on”) Find  find out  look for 1. Thats my MP5. I lost it a moment ago. Who _ it? 2. I _ it just now, but I couldnt _ it. 3. Id like to make a trip to Thailand. Will you _ what we can do there? 4. We must _ who broke the glass of the window 5. What are you doing? Im _ my glasses 6.Think hard, and you will _ the answer to the problem 答案：1.found; 2.looked for/ find; 3.find out; 4.find out; 5.looking for; 6.find 注释：find(过去式found)“找到”，强调结果；look for“找寻”，强调过程；find out“弄清晰，查明”。 See  look  look at  watch  visit  read 1. _ out of the window, and you will _ what you want 2. I dont want to go so far to _ a film on the cold night  3. Did you _ yesterdays football match? It was very exciting 4. She _ around her and _ nothing unusual in the room. 5. You _ ill and you must go to _ a doctor 6. _! There is a beautiful bird on the lake 7. _ the bird. It is badly hurt 8. Were going to _ my grandparents in Wu Han 9. What are you _? Nothing, I m just thinking 10. The old man often _ children play games in the park 11.看书 _ books; 看报 _ newspapers; 探望挚友 _ friends  答案：1.look/ see; 2.see; 3.watch; 4.looks/ sees(looked/ saw); 5.look/ see; 6.look; 7.look at; 8.visit/ see; 9.looking; 10.watches; 11.read/ read/ visit(see) 注释：see“望见”，强调结果，留意两个句型see sb doing sth望见某人正在做某事；see sb. do sth. 望见某人做了某事（例如：I see a little girl dancing in the park我望见一个小女孩正在公园里跳舞; I see my friend clean the classroom我望见我挚友打扫过教室了），句2“see a film 看电影” 和句5“see a doctor看医生”，都是固定短语。此外，see还有“探望”“明白”“送别”的意思，例如：I see you are a kind man 我明白你是个好人/ see sb. off 送别某人 ；look“看”，强调“看”的动作，后面不能接人或物，假如要表示看某人/某物，则要用“look at”；观看竞赛，表演或其他活动用watch(watch TV看电视)；visit探望/探望（某人），参观（某地）；read“阅读”，用于读书看报看杂志等动词短语。 Hear  listen   listen to   hear of   hear from 1. When the little girl _ someone coming close to her room, she stopped crying 2. Some people are sitting around the radio. They are _ the important news 3. Alice went into a dark room she _ but _ nothing  4. I _ that hell be back in a month 5. You must _ the teacher in class. Yes, but I cant _ him clearly 6._! Someone is crying. Can you _it?  7. Did you _ him go out? 8. Ive never _ her I know nothing about her 答案：1.heard; 2.listening to; 3.listened/ heard; 4.hear of; 5.listen to/ hear; 6.listen; 7.hear; 8.heard from 注释：hear(过去式，过去分词heard)“听见”，强调结果，常见句型hear sb. doing sth. 望见某人正在做某事；hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做了某事; listen “听”，强调“听”的动作，其后不能接人或物，假如要表示听什么，则用listen to, 其后可接人/ 物；hear of - “听说-”（后面可接人或某事物，也可接that从句）；hear from + 某人，“收到某人来信”，其后只能接人； Wear   put on   in    dress 1.It is cold outside. _ more clothes, or you will catch a cold 2.Look! She _ a red flower on her head. How beautiful she is! 3.What size do you _? I _ large size. 4.When he learned the news, he quickly _ his coat and his hat, and then went out  5.My English teacher usually _ a pair of glasses 6.The girl _ white is our monitor. 7.Mother told you to take off your dirty clothes and _ clean clothes  8.You look cool _ this dress 9.Could you _ the children for me? 10.My daughter is old enough to _ herself 11.After I get _ quickly. 答案：1.put on; 2.is wearing; 3.wear/ wear; 4.put on; 5.wears; 6.in; 7.put on; 8.in; 9.dress; 10.dress; 11.dressed. 注释：wear“穿，戴”，强调穿着状态；put on“穿上”，强调“穿”的动作；in + 颜色形容词，表示穿某种颜色的衣服；dress“穿”，dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”（其后不能接表示衣物的名词，只能接人）/ dress up 梳妆装扮/ get dressed 穿衣 Too much   much too   too many 1. This skirt is _ expensive. I cant afford it.   2. His father drinks_ tonight.   3. You talk_ in class.  4. Eating _ is bad for your health  5. You are_  kind to me.   6. Some boys spend_time on computer games.   7. You have_ “yang”, because you have _oranges. 答案：1.much too; 2.too much; 3.too much; 4.too much; 5.much too; 6.too much; 7.too much/ too many 注释：too much“太多的”，用来修饰不行数名词/2,3,4句中”too much”的用法相当于一个名词，即“drink too much(wine)喝太多（的酒），talk too much 说太多（的话），eating too much(food)吃太多（的东西）；much too “太-”，其后通常接形容词，起到加强语气的作用；too many“太多的”，用来修饰可数名词复数。 Must   have to 1. I_get up before six oclock. I am going to catch the train  2. You _ be tired after a long walk  3. Its raining, so I _take the umbrella with me  4. Children _ help their parents with the house work  5. Do you_stay at home? Yes, I have a lot of homework to do. 答案：1.must; 2.must; 3.have to; 4.must; 5.have to 注释：must“必需”，情态动词，表示主观愿望或吩咐，还可表示可能性，表示可能性时通常翻译成“肯定”(must be“肯定是”)，否定形式mustnt 只表示吩咐，即“不准”的意思；have to“不得不，必需”，表示因客观缘由而不得不-，否定形式”dont(doesnt/ didnt) have to” “不必” 初中英语常考近义词同义词辨析练习（2） Say   speak   talk   tell 1. He _to me, “Im going to see a film.”   2. “May I _to Jack?” “Hold on a moment, please!”   3. They_with each other, but I dont know what they are _ about.   4. He_ me he was not at home last night.   5. Some Canadians can _ both English and French.   6. Its a bad habit to _  lies.   7. I have nothing to  _ 8. I cant _the difference between the twins. 答案：1.says; 2.speak; 3.talk; 4.told; 5.speak; 6.tell; 7.say; 8.tell 注释：四个词都有“说”的意思，say强调说话的内容；speak to sb. 跟某人说话（常用用于电话用语中，如句2），speak 还可表示说某种语言；talk to/ with sb. 和某人闲聊/ 谈话；tell“告知”，常见句型 tell sb. sth告知某人某事，在句8中表示“辨别，辨别”的意思。 Hundred   hundreds of   thousand   thousands of   million   millions of 1. There are six _ people on the playground.  2. _  birds are in the park.  3.  _ butterflies are dancing. 答案：1.hundred/ thousand/ million; 2.hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of; 3.hundreds of/ thousands of; millions of 注释：hundred“百”, thousand“千”, million“百万”，都是数词，在表示详细数量时没有复数形式；hundreds of“数以百计的，成百上千的”，thousands of“数以千计的，成千上万的”，millions of“数百万的” What   who 1. “_ is he?” “He is a teacher.”     2. _ does he do? He is a teacher. 3. _ is he? He is our English teacher. 4. _ do your parents do? They are both teachers. 5. _ do you think the lady is? Maybe she is a nurse, I think. 答案“1.what; 2.what; 3.who; 4.what; 5.who 注释：who询问某人的身份，常用于句型”who + be + 某人？”，即“某人是谁？”；what询问人的身份或职业，用于句型”what do/ does/ did + 某人 + do?”，即“某人是干什么的？” High   tall 1. The tall boy jumps very_   2. He lives in a _ building. 3. There are _ mountains around my hometown.   4. Yao Ming is 2.26meters _ 5. There is a _ tree in front my house.   6. Look! Some birds are flying _ up in the sky. 7. _ price/ speed/ temperature. 答案：1.high; 2.tall/ high; 3.high; 4.tall; 5.tall/ high; 6.high; 7.high 注释：high, tall 都有“高”的意思，high只能指物高，tall能指人高也可指物高；高价格（速度，温度）山高都用”high”. Mustnt   neednt   dont need to   dont have to 1. You mustnt take this book out of the library. You can read it here. 2. Must I do my homework now?  No, you neednt. 3. Do I have to finish the work today? No, you dont have to. 4. You must help your mother with the housework, mustnt you? 5. Need you go to see a doctor?  No, I neednt. 6. You can go home now; you dont need to clean the classroom. 答案： 注释：mustnt“不准”，表示吩咐；neednt = dont need to“不必，没必要”，前者中的need是情态动词，否定干脆在其后加not，后者中的need是行为动词，否定要在其前加否定的助动词“dont/ doesnt/ didnt”；dont have to “have to不得不，必需”的否定形式 Something   anything   nothing   everything 1. Is there anything wrong with this computer? 2. There is nothing wrong with this computer.= there isnt anything wrong with the computer. 3. She likes to do something different 4. How is everything going? Everything goes well. 5. She is beautiful, I agree. But beauty is not everything. 6. I want something to eat, anything will do. 7. He decided to go there. Nothing can stop him from doing it  答案：1.anything; 2.nothing/ anything; 3.something; 4.everything/ everything; 5.everything; 6.something/ anything; 7.nothing 注释：something“某事，某物”，常用于确定句中，用于句型”would you like something to do?”中，表示希望得到对方确定的回答；anything“任何事物”，用于确定句，疑问句和否定句中；nothing“什么也没有”；everything“一切事物”，可用于任何句式。 留意，修饰something，anything的形容词必需放在它们的后面，做后置定语。 Dont  doesnt  not to  not  isnt  wont 1. The teacher told me _ be late for school again 2. Will you please _ draw on the wall? 3. Please _ go across the road now. 4. The cake must be more delicious, _? 5. Why _ go out for a walk? = Why _ you go out for a walk? 6. Youd better _ sleep in class. 7. Hed rather _ go to the party 8. He decided _ go on a picnic with his class. 9. If it _ rain tomorrow, well have a sports meeting. 10. _ forget to bring your homework to school. No, I_. 11. He will really work in the country, _ he? 答案：1.not to; 2.; 3.dont; 4.isnt it; 5.not/ dont; 6.not; 7.not; 8.not to; 9.doesnt; 10.dont/ wont; 11.wont 注释：句1句8，tell sb. not to do sth.叫某人别做某事；句3否定的祈使句都用助动词do的否定形式”dont”开头；句5句6，句型why not do sth? = why dont you do sth.? “为什么不-”（表建议）/ youd better not do sth.“最好别做某事”；句7would rather not do sth.“宁愿不做某事”；句8，decide not to do sth.“确定不做某事”；句9，if引导条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来；句10，前半句是否定的祈使句用”dont”开头，后半句的意思是“是的，我不会（忘的）”；句11，反义疑问句中陈述句部分是确定句，疑问句部分要用“相应动词的否定形式+主语”的句式，因为该句子中的动词是情态动词will，所以疑问部分要用其否定形式”wont” + 主语。 Few   a few   little   a little 1. Is there any milk in the bottle?  Yes, there is _ 2. Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know _ about this subject.  3. That film is not interesting, so _ people like it. 4. Do you speak Japanese? Yes, but only _ 5. Ive study Japanese for only _ months.  6. Tom was ill yesterday, but he feels _ better now.  7. All the students are busy, so _ of them will go to the cinema.  8. Mr. White is very lonely. He has _ friends, but he likes dogs and he has _ in his house .he says his dogs eat much and drink _ 9. He is a man of _ words, that is, he talks _ 10. In the past _ years, there have been a lot of changes in my hometown.  11.