商务英文信函写作常被忽略细节.docx
商务英文信函写作常被忽略细节商务英文信函写作常被忽视的细微环节有位资深商贸人士这样说:一切贸易往来,从信函起先,到信函结束。意思是,商务信函贯穿沟通始终。商务信函包括:询盘信、报盘信、邀请函、开发信、求职信、订货信、投诉信、致歉信等,还包括以上信函的确认信函和回复信函等诸多信息沟通载体。口才确定录用,文笔确定提升。对于职场人士来说,写一手严谨规范、得体简洁、语言地道的商务信函是重要的职业素养和技能。下面笔者将依据商务英文信函写作中常被忽视的细微环节,从格式、时态开头结尾三个角度帮助读者查漏补缺。格式没有规则,难成方圆。商务信函写作的从格式起先。一封信函给读信人留下第一印象不是信函的内容,许多时候形式比内容更重要,甚至包括信函的段落对齐、行间距和字体等细微环节。一封格式规范、书写严谨的商务信函会让带给寄信人日常信函所不能传达的重要感和敬重感,同时也是对收信人的敬重。l 信头(Letter Head)无论传递的方式是邮寄、传真还是电子邮件,正式的商务信函都是要有信头的。信头不肯定在信纸的上部,可能位于侧面或底部,主要作用是:一方面表明寄信人的机构名称、地址及电话和传真号码等联系方式(Contact Details),另一方面由于信头往往会设计公司标识(Logo),从而展示企业或机构形象。没有信头的商务信函,就像没有来得及穿着正装参与正式会谈一样。 l 日期栏 (Date Line) 传真和电子邮件信函都有固定的日期格式,表明信函发出的日期,便于收信人将信函整理和回信。在邮寄的商务信函中,寄信人往往会忽视这一细微环节。日期栏应当在信函正文的上边,信头下边,可以左对齐,也可以右对齐。常见的日期栏格式有一下两种:1. 16January 2009 2. January 16, 2009 留意:1.日期后面往往不出现序数词的角标,如:16th,不正确。2.月份的拼法往往不省略,如 Jan ,不正确。l 称呼语 (Salutation)称呼语并非是客套的随意称呼,要依据收信人和寄信人的关系,以及收信人的性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职位等,进行有针对性的改变。留意:1.若初次书信往来,或正式信函,务必称呼收信人全名(Full Name),并同时运用 Mr./Ms./Dr./Professor 等称谓。以下表达正式程度依次降低:Dear Mr. Will Smith, →Mr Smith,→Hello Will,→Hi Will,→Will, →Hi, 2.称呼语后可用冒号,或用逗号。3.若不明确收信人姓名,可用无人称称呼语或称呼职位。To Whom It May Concern: Dear Sir or Madam: Dear Sales Manger: 4.若收信人为重要尊贵人士,如政府官员,还会有特定的称呼。To: H.E. Mr. Hailekiros Gessesse, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Embassy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (至埃塞俄比亚联邦民主共和国特命全权大使 Hailekiros Gessesse 阁下,H.E是 His Excellency,指敬重的阁下。)5.不行用公司的名字做称呼语:如 Dear New Oriental,不正确。6.可用标题代替称呼语,如:SUBJUCT: Request for Information。l 段落对齐、行间距、字体 传统的英文信函在每段首往往采纳平头式,即:正文的各段首行都要缩进 6 个字母的距离。现今商务信函写作比较流行的对齐格式为左齐头式,即:正文和称呼之间空一至二行。每段的第一句句子不须要空格,左对齐,但段与段之间须要空一至二行。有些商贸人士曾告知笔者,后者格式便于文字编辑和复制粘贴。另外,依据笔者阅历,信函的字体大小,可采纳小四或五号字体为佳;行间距限制在18 磅左右,Word 软件中的默认的行间距较大,会使信函感觉松散。段落对齐、行间距、字体等和许多企业或机构的习惯性格式也有关,也和个人喜好有关。总之,是一个不行忽视的细微环节。开头结尾l 开头(Opening)一本畅销的商务写作书中提到,商务信函的段落结构应当是倒金字塔(Reverse Pyramid),第一段承载最重要的信息,其次段其次,第三段再次。商务信函的开头在语言方面须要细心设计,须要开宗明义、开篇明意。它的重要性就像书的第一章节,电影的第一幕,歌曲的第一段旋律一样。笔者认为信函开头部分以下两点须要留意:1.开头部分要传达每封商务信函的特定目的(Purposeful Communication),让收信人了解信函的主旨。I am writing on behalf of our sales department to inform you that your consultancy can arrange training sessions in giving presentation. We are pleased to invite you to the Annual Conference, which will take place in London 4 - 7 August. 2. 回复信函可以感谢方式开头,但务必提及之前沟通的信息,让收信人了解自己信函 的传达状况。Thank you for your order of 24 Semtepber. We are pleased to confirm your order of 30 units of model 202 by L/C. Thank you for your letter of May 21, enquiring about our products.l 结尾(Closing)传统观点认为商务信函的结尾多为客套,是不传达重要信息的,如Looking forward to hearing form you。笔者依据自己的阅历发觉并非如此。许多商务信函都要在结尾部分同样传达重要的信息,有以下两个方面:1.将之前的信息通过重复的方式强调。I would be grateful if you could make it and I look forword to seeing you in London in August. 2.提示希望收信人回复的相关细微环节,有时甚至可用问句。Please let us know the dates and times of your arrival and departure. May I remind you that let us discuss our itinerary by the end of this week? 时态在商务英文信函写作中通过时态的改变,可以使语言表达更得体,信息传达更精确。许多学员对英文时态的理解还停留在教条阶段,当然也更提不上假如去运用了。英文的时态改变,只有跟实际语境相结合才具有生命力。下面笔者结合实际语境,讲解信函中时态运用方面常忽视的细微环节。l Will 的用法 在商务信函写作中,Will除了表达将来时,还常用于下面两种状况:1.突然决策(Sudden Decisions)I will send you the draft report as an attachment on the Monday next week.2.承诺、报盘、或威逼(Promises, Offers, Threats)I will email you the catalogue and the lastest pricelist asap. You will enjoy a 1% discount if you place a large order. The contract won’t be signed by the end of April.l 现在进行时(Present Progressive)表将来 当寄信人为收信人供应行程、款待或将来支配时,往往运用现在进行时,这样可以使语言的现场感更强,让收信人感觉相应支配发生的即时性。We are planning to show you the plant, take you to lunch and return you to the hotel at 5pm. We are making some necessary arrangements for the dispatch of order by air freight to San Francisco.l 虚拟语气 would 用法 Would 可能是商务信函写作中,用法最微妙的一个小词了,常表达寄信人对将来发生的剧烈的愿望或要求,语气往往较强。Would 还常常于 If 引导的条件状语从句连用。As you would be our guest, we would of course meet all your expenses. We would like to invite you to spend two or three days in the UK to visit our factory. If my application is of interest to you, I would welcome the opportunity to speak with you.l 被动语态(Passives)被动语态在忽视主语的同时,在商务信函中的作用在于以下两方面:1.忽视施动者,强调动作发生的过程 A meeting has been scheduled for 3 October 2009 at 11am to discuss your request for a further bank loan. You would be asked to analyze the situation and demonstate your ability to work in a team. 2.避开主观色调,体现客观必要性 Any form of your ID has to be shown before opening a bank account. A control system was set up to double check that orders were received in the warehouse on time and were proceed correctly.