2022年高中英语语法-被动语态复习总结.docx

精品_精品资料_高中英语被动语态总结 一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由 be过去分词构成, be 随时态的变化而变化.以 do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为：1 am/is/are +done 过去分词 一般现在时例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例 A new cinema is being built here 4） was/were done 一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done一般将来时例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done过去将来时例 The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done将来完成时（少用）例 The project will have been completed before July.10） should/would have been done过去将来完成时（少用） 例 He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2. 被动语态的特别结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构.其形式为：情态动词 be过去分词.例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍旧保留在谓语后面.通常变为主语的是间接宾语.例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词 + 宾语+ 宾语补足语 ”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动.例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to .例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词介词 ”, “动词副词 ”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开.其中的介词或副词也不能省略.例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态 一般时态和完成时态 .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例 I don't like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,仍要知道在哪些情形中使用被动语态.1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 这时可省by 短语 .例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者.例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好的支配句子.例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示 “据说 ”或 “信任 ”的动词如 believe, consider , expect, report, say, suppose, think等可可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_以用于句型 “Itbe 过去分词 that 从句 ”或“主语 be过去分词 to do sth.”有：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It is said that据说 ,It is reported that据报道, It is believed that大家信任, It is hoped可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_that大家期望, It is well known that that据建议.众所周知, It is tho ught that大家认为, It is suggested可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（ The boy is said to have passed the national exam.）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有许多动词如break ,catch ,clean ,drive ,lock , open ,sell ,read ,write , wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特点时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义 ,主语通常是物.例 This kind of cloth washes well.留意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特点,而被动语态就强调外界作用造成的影响.试比较： The door won't lock （指门本身有毛病）The door won't be locked （指不会有人来锁门 , 指“门没有锁 ”是人的缘由）2. 表示 “发生、进行 ”的不及物动词和短语, 如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义.例 How do the newspapers come out.这些报纸是如何引出来的了？3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义.例 Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义.1. 在 need , want , require,bear 等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式.例 The house needs repairing（ to be repaired）这房子需要修理.2. 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式. 而 worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式.例 The picture-book is well worth reading（ The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 , 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义.例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon to do 与 things 是动宾关系,与 I 是主谓关可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_系. 试比较： I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted. 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语说明 you 不是 post 动作的执行者. 4. 在某些 “形容词不定式 ”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定 式的规律宾语时, 这常常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义.这些形容词有 nice ,easy ,fit ,hard , difficult , important , impossible , pleasant , interesting等.例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out省略了 for me ） .5. 在 too to 结构中,不定式前面可加规律主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义.例 This book is too expensive for me to buy.6. 在 there be 句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物.例 There is no time to lose（ to be lost ）（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose.用 to be lost ,谁 lost time不明确.）7. 在 be todo 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动.然而, 由于古英语的影响 ,以下动词 rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.例 Who is to blame for starting the fire.六、介词 in, on, under等+ 名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词.1. “under + 名词 ”结构,表示 “某事在进行中 ”.常见的有： undercontrol （受掌握） , under treatment （在治疗中） , under repair （ 在修理中） , under discussion （ 在争论中） , under construction（在施工中） .例 The building is under construction is being constructed.2. “beyond+名词 ”结构, “出乎 赛过 、范畴、限度 ”.常见的有： beyond belief 令人难以置信 , beyond one s reach （鞭长莫及） , beyond one s control （无法掌握） , beyond our hope 我们的胜利始料不及.例 The rumour is beyond belief（ =cant be believed ）3. “above+名词 ”结构 , 表示 “品质、行为、才能等 超过 、高于 ”.例 His honest character is above all praise =His honest character cannot be praised enough 4. “for+名词”结构,表示 “适于 、 为着”.如： for sale 出售 , for rent（出租）等.例 That house is for sale. = That house is to be sold.5. “in+名词 ”结构 ,表示 “在过程中或范畴内 ”常见的有： in print （在印刷中） ,in sight 在视野范畴内 ,等.例 The book is not yet in print =is not yet printed6. “on+名词 ”结构 , 表示 “在从事 中”.常见的有： on sale 出售 , on show （展出） , on trial （受审）.例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum = are being showed.7. “out of+名词 ”结构 . 表示 “超出 之外 “,常见的有： out of control 掌握不了 ,out of sight（超出视线之外） , out of one s re够ac不h着 , out of fashion不流行 等.例 The plane was out of control cant be controlled.8. “within+名词 ”结构, “在内、不超过 ”.例 He took two days off within the teacher's permission可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_七、被动语态与系表结构的区分当“be+过去分词 ”作被动语态时表示主语承担的动作.作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时, be 后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词.其区分方法如下：1假如强调动作或句中有介词by 引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否就为系表结构.例 The glass is broken （系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy （被动语态） 2假如句中有的点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态.例 The door is locked （系表结构）The door hasalready/just been locked（被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,仍可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态.例 The machine is being repaired 八、被动语态与高考试题赏析1. 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析1). In some parts of the world, teawith milk and sugar. NMET1993A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served解析 B 由于 serve 是及物动词,其动作承担者tea 作主语,表示常常发生的情形,故用一般现在时的被动语态.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2). Thisis Tedsphone.Wemisshimalot.He earthquake.NMET2022A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killingtryingtosaveachildinthe可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_解析 C Ted 是 kill 的承担者,用被动语态,且Ted 救人发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态.3). - Have you moved into the new house.- Not yet, the rooms. NMET1991 A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting解析 A “house”和 “paint 应”该是被动的关系,排除B,D.后者未搬进新居的缘由是房子正在油漆,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态.不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作,排除C.4). When and where to go for the on-salary holidayyet.（上海春 2022 ）A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided解析 D decide 是及物动词, 动作的发出者通常是人, 句中的主语是动作的承担者, 所以 decide要用被动语态.从题干的语境和关键词yet ,可判定用现在完成时,不定式做主语用单数,故用现在完成时的被动语态.5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets.（上海春 2022 ）A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked解析 B 句中 tickets是 book 订票 的承担者,主谓为被动关系,又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态.2. 高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的规律主语为动作的承担者时, 须用被动式.弄清非谓语动词与其规律主语之可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_间的执行与承担关系是把握非谓语动词语态的关键.1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remainswhether they will enjoy it. NMET2022A. to see B. to be seenC. seeing D. seen解析 B 依据题意,那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作,应使用不定式,故排除掉C、D 两项.又因 remains的规律主语it 是动词 see 说表示动作的承担者,即“到国外旅行 ”这件事, 这件事有待于 “被打算 ”,应使用动词不定式的被动形式.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2). Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp really need.（上海 1996 ）A. to persuaded B. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuadedintobuyingsomethingtheydont可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_解析 C cant help doing词的被动语态.禁不“住做某事 ”,排除 A 和 D.顾客应是 “被劝告 ”购物的,要用动名可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3） . I feel it is your husband whofor the spoiled child.（上海 2022 ）A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame解析 A feel 的宾语从句为强调句型, 在 be to do结构中, 在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态,如to blame , to let等.【强化训练】1. If city noisesfrom increasing,peopleshout to be heard even at dinnerA. are not kept. will have toB. are not kept.haveC. do not keep. will have toD. do not keep. have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, areand perfected now.A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed3. -the sports meet might be put off- Yes , it all depends on the weatherA I've been told B I've toldC I'm told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforestsand burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridgeby the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designed可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C. was designedD. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changesin the city, and a lot of factories.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suitover 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look. Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house thatfor.A. is being built B. has been builtC. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material.- Yes, itvery soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreignerChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_13. I have no more letters A to type B typingC to be typed D typed, thank you 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_14. Take care. Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for iteasily.A. won t wash out B. wont be washed outC. isn t washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to.A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the tableProfessor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book.- Oh, excellent. Its wortha second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed. A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch19. This page neededagain.A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked20. many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exerciess可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teachingkey 1-5 ACADC 6-10 BCBDA11-15 CBCAD 16-20 DCCDB被动语态基础练习挑选题1. Our house,A . is getting paintB . is getting painted C . is got paintedD . has got to paint2. He arrived in Beijing,where hehis friend .A . was met byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by 3.The warin 1937A . was broken outB . had been broken outC . has broken outD . broke out4.The mistakes in the exercises willthe teacher.A . crossB . be crossingC . be crossed byD . cross by 5.My brother and I haveher birthday party.A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to 6.Itthis wayA . is had to doB . is had to be doneC . had to be doneD . has to do 7.Itthis way.A used to doB . used to be doneC . is used to doD . is used to doing8. Chaplin.A . The child's name was calledB . The child's name calls C . The child callsD . The child is named9. The sports meeting.A . is put offB . is to put offC . is to be put offD . puts off 10.Mary realized she 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A . was making fun ofB . was made funC . was being made fun ofD . was being made fun 11.to say a thing in that wayA . It is considers wrongB . It is considered wrongC . It is considered it's wrongD . It is consiedring wrong 12.He ordered that the booksat once.A . would be printedB . would printC . be printedD . print 13.The storyin ChinA .A . was taken placeB . was happened C . took placeD . has been taken place14.The housemy parentsA . is belong toB . belong toC . belongs toD . is belonged to 15.Heby his teacher.A . happened to seeB . was happened to seeC . happened to be seenD . was happened to be seen 16.Great changesin our province.Many tall buildings.A . have been taken place, have been set upB . have taken place, have been set upC . have been taken place, have been set up D . were taken place, were set up17. The hall'sbut it's not yetwith lamps.A . furnished, finishedB . been finished, been furnished C . being finished, being furnishedD . set up, full18. The new hall is the tallest building in this town.from here.A . Can it seeB . Can it be seenC . Can it seenD . Can see 19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane.A . had already taken offB . already took offC . was already taking offD . was already taken off可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_20. Some of the hotels in my hometown.A . have now been rebuildingB . are now rebuilding C . are now being rebuiltD . are rebuilt now21. If city noisesfrom increasing , peopleshout to be heard even at dinnerA . are not kept . will have toB . are not kept. haveC . do not keep. will have toD . do not keep . have to22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, areand perfected now.A . developedB . have developedC . are being developedD . will have been developed23. -the sports meet might be put off - Yes ,it all depends on the weather A . I've b