2023年高考英语复习必备知识手：专题02 名词和主谓一致.docx

专题02名词和主谓一致、思维导图作主语：Mr, Smith was born in Canada.名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常 用单数形式。story-book.4.表数量的短语“one and a half'后接复数 名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形 式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一致原那么考点详解例句逻辑一致5.算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单 数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如： mathematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其 谓语动词要用单数形式。The paper works was built in 1990.I think physics isn't easy to study.7. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些 名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8,“定冠词the +形容词或分词”，表示某 一类人时，动词用复数。The old are taken good care of.9. a (large) quantity of修饰可数或不可数 名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of people is needed here.注意:quantities一般用复数。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰 不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词通常用 单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词， 作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.就近一致1.当两个主语由 either . or, neither .Either the teacher or the students are our、语法一致nor, whether . or ., not only .but also 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其 后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个 主语，那么应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引导的句子用法同上。如： Here is a map and a handbook for you.语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1.单数n.，不可数n.，不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用 复数。His father is working on the farm. Time is money.所 To finish all the work on time is impossible.-Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.ibThe children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的 并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。kWhat I bought were 3 English books.ibWhat I say and do are helpful to you.2,由and或bothand连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。Huey and Lily are twins.kShe and I are friends.ibBoth she and he are Young Pioneers.如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。i，The writer and artist has come.由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 'Every student and every teacher was in the room.No boy and no girl likes it.3 .主语后面有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。ibMr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.ibNobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.iLShe, like you and Tom, is very tall.4 . either, neither, each, every 或 no+单数 neither/neither/none of +复数名词，还有 some, any, no, every 构成的 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。ibEach of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.Neither of the texts is interesting.None of us has been to South Africa.5,定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。ibHe is one of my students who are working hard.i，He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6 .集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等,指整体时,用单数；指集体的成员时， 用复数。ibHis family is a happy one.ibThe whole family are watching TV.ibThe population of China is 1400 million.(人 口)ibOne third of the population here are workers.(A) people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。7,由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +名词，或者是分数/百分数十名词构成的短语作主 语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。ibThe rest of the lecture is wonderful.|，A lot of time is wasted.ibA lot of people take part in the meeting.12/3 water is drunk by him.12/3 students are absent.8,倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。ibOn the wall are many pictures.i，Such is the result.Huch are the facts.二、意义一致原那么.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。iTwenty minutes is enough for the work.i»One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.1 .如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。ibThe Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.one and a half +复数n.,谓语动词用单数。One and a half apples is left on the table.3 .算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）4,表示学科的以一ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。ibPhysics is an important subject in middle schools.1-Mathematics is the study of numbers.1-Politics, economics, athletics 等。5 .复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。ibThe glass works was built up in 1980.ibThese glass works are near the railway station.6由两局部组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of等量词时, 视情况而定。7 .The + adj.表示一类人，作主语时用复数。ibThe young are usually very active.i，The old are lonely.三、就近一致原那么就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1 .当两个主语由 either or, neither . nor, whether . or , not only but also 连接时，谓语动词和邻 近的主语一致。1»Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。2 . there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，那么应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。-There are two pens, a book and three pencils on the desk.书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。ibThere is a book, two pens and three pencils on the desk.书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。3 .在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。ibHere is a map and a handbook for you.这是一张你的地图和一本手册。Such are the facts.事实就是如此。4 .就远原那么：谓语动词与前面主语一致。主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一 致。此类连接性短语有 as well as, as much as, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等。ibYour sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。iKShe, like you and betty, is very clever.像你和 betty 一样，她也很聪明。四、”名词+介词短语”作主语名词或代词后接as well as, with, along with, together with, except, but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的 形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。ibShe as well as other students likes playing computer games.她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。ibHe with his parents is working in the fields.他正和他的父母在地里干活。I-Nobody but you and me knows it.除了你和我，没人知道。五、不定代词作主语.当作主语的名词前有each, neither, either, every修饰或each, neither, either作主语时，谓语动词用单 数。kEach student has a book.每一个学生都有一本书。Either answer is correct.两个答案都是正确的。Neither parent is with him.他的父母都没有和他在一起。kEvery minute is important to us.每一分钟对大家都很重要。1 . 当复合不定代词 someone, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, something, anything, nothing, everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。-Somebody is waiting for you outside.有人在外面等你。Es everybody here today?今天大家都到 了吗？1Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。ibNobody was away yesterday.昨天没有人离开。六、特殊名词作主语.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单 数。i»-The United States lies to the east of China.美国在中国的东方。（国名）'Engels was good at learning foreign languages.恩格斯擅长学外语。（人名）. ”the+形容词”作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。ibThe sick are taken good care of.病人得到很好的照顾。i，The old are supposed to be spoken to politely.跟老人讲话要有礼貌。1 .以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths, physics, politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词,如news, plastics等作主语 时，谓语动词要用单数。1»Physics is very difficult for me to learn.物理对我来讲很难学。ibThe news was very exciting.这条新闻十分激动人心。2 .单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的 修饰语来确定。i，A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。iTen sheep are eating grass there.那边有 10 只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese, Japanese, English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese speak Chinese.中国人说汉语。七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。kTen years has passed quickly. 10 年很快就过去了。iTen dollars is enough. 10 美元就够了。iblOO kilometers is a long way. 100 千米是一段很长的路。1. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。ibTwo and two is/are four. 2 力U 2 等于 4。iLSix times one is/are six. 6 乘以 1 等于 6。2. " many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。ibThere is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。i，Many a student has passed the exam.许多学生通过了 考试。3. "oneandahalf+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。iOne and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。i»One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。4. the rest of.短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果。f后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。ibThe rest of the bikes are on sale.余下的自行车降价出售。ibThe rest of the bread is gone.剩余的面包不见了。5. ”noneof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。ibNone of the dogs was/were there. MUL没有狗。6. M a number of+名词复数”表示“许多/大量的”，其后的谓语动词用复数；"the number of+名词复数”表示”的数量”，其中心词为number,故谓语动词用单数。|，A number of farmers are standing over there.许多农民站在那边。ibThe number of the students in this school has reached over 2, 000.这所学校的学生数量已到达2 000多人。7. " a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词"作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓 语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。|，A lot of time is needed.需要大量的时间。-Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。1Doing morning exercises is good for your body.做早操对你的身体有益。ibTo play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous.在加油站附近玩火很危险。iWhat he said at the meeting is very important.他在会上的发言很重要。难点剖析、名词类别间的互换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质She held some flowers in her hand.The trees are now in flower花儿个体名词开花抽象名词Youth is beautiful.He is a youth of twenty抽象名词年轻人个体名词They have achieved remarkable success in their work.一How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功抽象名词成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质Iron is a kind of metal.Please lend me your iron.铁物质名词熨斗个体名词He broke a piece of glass.He broke a glass.玻璃物质名词玻璃杯个体名词I bought a chicken this morning（2）Please help yourself to some chicken小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象 名词加用与某些动词 （如：have等）连用， 表示某一次短暂的动 作一I'd likeinformation about the management of your hotel, please.-Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpfulA. some； a B.an； some C. some； some D.an； aThey sent uswordof the latest happenings.消息（抽象名词）A. aB.anC7D. the©Could we haveword before you go to the meeting?（个体名词）A. aB.anC./D.the类例：have a dream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/a wash/adiscussion/alooktake a walk/a bath make an advance（进步）/make an early start（早点出 发）/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain（发出痛苦的叫声）/give a try表示知识和时间的抽 象名词转换为普通名 词时可以用来表示其 中的一局部Many people agree thatknowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.A. a； /B. the； anC. the； theD. /； thea knowledge of truth（知道实际情况）give a fuller knowledge of China（提供关于中国更为翔实的知识）have a knowledge of shorthand（有速记的知识）二、主谓一致的其他情况If there were no examination, we should haveat school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier timeis money.A. The timeB. A time C. Time D. Times抽象名词转换为普通 名词可用来表示“ 次、一阵、一种''具体 的行为、事件、现象 或结果。这时名词前 往往有形容词修饰Oh, John.you gave me!A. How a pleasant surpriseB. How pleasant suipriseC. What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise(2)She looked upwhen I shouted.A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some suiprise其他例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt iswork of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A. so unusual B. such unusual C. such au unusual D. so an unusual例句例句其他情况and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复The writer and teacher is coming.数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同那位作家兼教师来了 （作家和教师指同一个人）一物时，谓语使用单数。一物时，谓语使用单数。The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。（作家和老师是两个人）”单数名词或代词+名词或代词 +but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形”单数名词或代词+名词或代词 +but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，那么谓语使用复数。一般情况在词尾加s： months以 s, x, ch,以结尾的名词后加es ： watch-watches, dish-dishes以一蹴fe结尾的词变-丽fe为v再加es： thief-thieves, leaf-leaves规那么变化力口-s： proof-proofs, roofroofs般力口$ photo-photos, bamboo-bamboos以o结尾的名词§少数加es:黑人（nggroes）英雄（higesl爱吃土豆（potatoes）西红柿（tomatoes）和芒果（mangoes）改变内部元音字母或其他形式:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese单复数相同：sheep, fish（活鱼）,Chinese, deer, means（方式）,series（系列）,species（物种）无规贝！I 变化：child-children, mouse-mice, ox-oxen; medium- media（媒 体），bacterium-bacteria（细 菌）,phenomenon.phenomena（现 象）单数形式复数概念:people, police, cattle合成名词：passers-by. grown-ups（成年 人）,man servant-men常见的不可数名词，这些名词通常不可以和a/an连 用，也不能变为复数。有些不可数名词在表示份数，种类的时候可以转化 为可数名词，这类名词有fbods, fruits, coflfees等。抽象名词具体化：a surprise一个令人吃惊的人或物， an honor一。个荣耀,a pity 一'件可惜的事，a success/ failure '个成功/失败的人或事，have a good knowledge of 精通不可数名词的量化:常常用“基数词+量词+。计不可数 名词”来衡量不可数名词的量，如a bottle of milk 一 瓶牛奶，two pieces of chalk -粉笔,a sheet of paper 一张纸n the number of+复数名词”作主语谓语用 单数；” a(good/large) number of+ 复数名 词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。由两个相同局部组成的一个整体名词作主 语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks, glasses, shoes, socks, stockings, trousers, boots 等。 假设此类名词被n a kind of7a pair of”修饰时， 谓语动词用单数。The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。A number of teachers are present today, and the number of them is 500.许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days.近些天，眼镜的售价很高。当 not only. but also., not. but., or, either. or., neither. nor等连接并列主语时，以 及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形 式采用就近一致原那么。某些集体名词 class, club, family, team, group 等作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原那么， 即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单 复数形式。Neither Jack and 1 have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来迅速开展壮大。The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。【知识拓展如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类 词指的是具体成员，那么谓语动词应该使用复数形式。【巧学妙记】主谓一致记忆口诀单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。如假设强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复，people> police即这般。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。or> nor、but also> there be,近主原那么挂嘴边。关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，rest, means, following等，意义决定其复、单。none, all, half of等,of之宾语定答案。还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。代词all指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。no, each, every后单名，两种事物一概念。以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。形容词带the 一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。代词neither, either, each,用作主语谓全单。有生命的人或动物:Tom's cat; the teachers' office;Children's Day'S 或 S' Q”时间、举例、国家城市、金钱重量等:today's news;twnenty minutes' walk; China's new lookL无生命的东西:the cover of the book; the title of theot Qpassage而至工有放a friend of mine 我的朋友之一；a play of Shakespear's双里所自口 -莎士比亚的戏剧之-(知识梳理考点1名词的数一、名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词二、名词的数1 .可数名词的复数 (1)规那么变化情况方法例词一般情况加一sstudents， teachers， doc tors, tables以s, x, ch, sh结尾加一esglasses, dishes， boxes, watches 但 stomach复数形式直接加s,即stomachs以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加一esfamilies, babies, armies, bodies以兀音字母+ y结尾加一sboys, toys, pianos, photos以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v,再加-esthieves, wives, knives, shelves, lives少数加一sbeliefs, proofs, roofs, chiefs以。结尾通常加一sradios, videos, zoos, tobaccos有的加一CSheroes, potatoes, tomatoes【名师点睛】以-o结尾的以下名词要加一es,它们是"黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoeso但以下以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火 ill。以-f或-fe结尾的以下名词需要把f或fe去掉，再加-ves,它们是卜为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里 拿着刀子和