高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案第v2915期.docx

高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）What a! I wasn't expecting to see you here.A. classicB. characteristicC. certificateD. coincidenceShe's battling with her over whether to tell the police what she saw.A. complaintB. consequenceC. conscienceD. compositionHangzhou is such an city that it often makes a strong on visitors and its sights never fail toattract foreign tourists.A. impressed, impressionB. impressing， impressionC. impressive, impressD. impressive, impression4、With the popularity of smart phones, people gradually lose the for watching television, which makes TV adecoration of the house.A. analysisB. appetiteC. incidentD. appreciation5、Now the leadership wants to look forward, and to develop a for the rest of the century.A. concernB. signalC. strategyD. accident6、Due to widespread of 5G technology, more remote surgical operations are likely to be carried out acrosslong distances.A. occupations. applicationC. qualificationD. composition7、His hard work made him very successful in his job.A. NP AdjpB. NP AdvpC. Adjp NPD. NP NP8、We are having a debate over the of smoking on our lungs.A. gainB. awardC. opportunityD. impactThe to success is to make good use of the chance to education.B. shores海岸；C. shades深浅,阴影；D. stairs台阶。根据上文“which was painted in three指用三种深浅不同 的黄色颜料作画，应用shade。应选C。16、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：马云在2018年上海浙商论坛上的演讲给我们留下了很好的印象，他对未来的商业 会是什么样子做了很好的描述。A. association联系；B. function功能；C. satisfaction满足；D. impression印象。 根据后文“he gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.（他对'未来的商业会是什么样子 做了很好的描述。）可知，因为对未来商业有很好的描述，所以此处表示给我们留下了好的印象。应选D。17、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们将探索一种不同的方法来收集信息。A.adventure探险；冒险；B.approach h 法；C.advance进步;D.addition附加物；补充物。短语：approach to sth.zz的方法,此处指收集信息的一 种不同的方法，应选B。18、答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词辨析二句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者 （书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的;B pany同伴，former前者 （的）；C.hatred 憎恨，formal 正式的；D. virtue 美德，former 前者（的）。根据"Be as careful of the booksyou read可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选同伴；根据"the latter可知，第二空将前者和后者进行 比照，所以选前者，应选B。19、答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺一一小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称 呼她。A. fortune 运气;B. hardships 逆境，艰难；C. pride 自豪；D. kindness 善行。根据后文“she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults”可知，她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的，所以划线词所 10指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。20、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球总是让我想起那场比赛中的错误，所以我刻意不去看它。A.scene现场；B.scenery 风景；C.control 控制;D. sight 视力。 根据“The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match” 可知，一看到足球就让我想起比赛中的失误，所以我刻意不去看它。out of sight 看不见，在视野之外。故 选Do21、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济不景气导致成千上万的小企业倒闭。A. complexity复杂性；B.collapse倒闭；convenience方便；D.correction改正。根据上文“A poor economy has caused”指经济不景气导致小企业倒闭, 应用collapseo应选Bo22、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴旺国家和开展中国家面临的一项艰巨任务是保证以尽可能低的环境代价开发自 然资源。A. inspection检查;B. exploitation利用,开发；C.contradiction矛盾；D. exception例外。根据语境和 后文“of natural resources at the lowest possible environmental cost”可知，此处指自然资源的开发。应选 B 项。23、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在报纸上登广告寻找摇滚音乐家。A. map地图；B. advertise登广告；C. information信息；D. advertisement广告。由空后“looking for rock musicians”可知，此处表示登广告寻找摇滚音 乐家，不定冠词an后需接名词advertisemento应选D。24、答案：B解析:11 考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical 医疗的；B. visual视觉的;C. first第一的；D.band乐队。根据"Primary school teachers 可知,小学老师需要使用视觉教具。应选B。25、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你不应该对你的朋友那么粗鲁。我觉得你应该向他抱歉。A. apology抱歉；B.favour偏爱;C.debt债务;D. attempt试图。根据"so rude to your friend”可知，此处应该是因为对朋友的不礼 貌而向他抱歉。应选A项。26、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A. schedule 日程安排；B. investigation 调查；C. performance 表现；D. impression Epi象。 根据heavy workload of Grade 12可知，高三年级日程安排紧张。应选A项。27、答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：辣、咸、甜、酸的混合口味使宫保鸡丁难以抗拒。A.decoration装饰；B.construction建造； C petition竞争；D bination结合。设空处在句中作主语，结合句意和空后的"of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours”可知，此处是指几种口味的结合。应选D。28、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从萨拉小时候就没见过她了，她已经变得认不出来了。A.generation 一代（人）； B.recognition 认出， 识别I； C.investigation 调查；D.graduation 毕业。根据"I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl可知，此处是指她已经变了许多，让人认不出来了。应选B。29、答案：A12解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意:力图帮助环境，在我们镇上不允许使用塑料袋。A. attempt试图；B. stuff材料；C. depth深度；D. disaster灾难。根据前后文的意思可知用in an attempt表示"力图、试图符合句意。应选A项。30、答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人愿意接受公共教育，这意味着公众和国家对教育的认可和支持。A.realization实现；B.profession专业;C.recognition成认，认可；D.acquisition（知识、技能等的）获得。根据“are willing to 可知,人们愿意说明大家认可。应选Co31、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他20年来的良好服务。A.chievement成就；B.appreciation感激；C.attention注意；D.agreement同意。根据句意，他为公司服务20年，给他一块表以示 感谢。应选Bo32、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：恐怕我帮不了你的忙，这事我无能为力。A. force武力；B.strength力量；C.energy 能量；D. power 能力。根据上文“I am afraid I can not help you as it is beyond my”可知为短语 beyondone's power表示"力所不及"。应选Do33、答案：C解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：目前，地铁在城市交通系统中扮演着重要的角色。A. hike徒步旅行；B.fitness健 康；C. subway地铁；D.stress压力。根据常识可知，地铁属于城市交通系统的一局部。应选C。34、答案：A解析:13 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一篇文章的标题可以给读者提供有关文章主旨的重要信息。A. title标题；B.homework家庭作业；C. housework家务;D.panic惊恐。根据"the main idea 可知，此处表示文章的标题。故 选Ao35、答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：杰瑞一直在认真地为即将到来的英语考试做准备，以便他有把握第一次就通过。A:rescue 营救;B:attempt尝试;Cpurpose目的;D:request要求.固定句式at one's first attempt在某人第一次尝试时，结合 句意，应选Bo36、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍妮说她这辈子从没想过自己会唱歌，但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的 “灰暗日子。A.reality现实；B.relief减轻,解除；emission任务；D.fault错误。根据句意以及But now可知， 但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的灰暗日子。应选B项。37、答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：一起作战的士兵通常有强烈的兄弟情谊。A. brotherhood兄弟情谊；B.brother兄弟；C.brothers 兄弟（复数）；D. brotherly 兄弟的。根据上文Soldiers who are fighting together”（一起作战的士兵）可知, 一起作战的士兵会有强烈的兄弟情谊，所以此处指“兄弟情谊，应用名词brotherhood,应选A。38、答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上，但不知何故 却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A. respond to对作出回应，conflict冲突，矛盾;B. apply to 把应用到，把施加到，criticism批评；C.reactto对作出反映，threat威胁；D.reply to对作 出回复，superiority优越，优势。根据while可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of和第二句话中的“give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相反。和 praise 相反的是“批评（criticism）”。14所以应该选B。apply sth. to sb.意为“将 应用到 ，将 施加到 。该处指apply the cold wind of criticism to others（将批评的冷风施加到别人身上,即：批评别人）。应选B。39、答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员正在为一个关于大象保护的四国区域会议准备文件。A. constitution构成, 组成；B. affection喜爱；C.conservation保护；D.production生产。这里指关于大象保护的文件。应选C。40、答案：D解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快就适应了新环境。换句话说，他的适应能力更强。A. adoption, adaptive采用；适应的，常用在专业术语当中；B.adaptation, adaptive适应；适应的；C.adapt, adaptable动词, 适应；能适应的，适应性强的，指在生活中表示适应能力强；D. adaptation, adaptable适应；能适应的，适应 性强的。第一空根据后文“to the new surroundings可知指适应新环境，应用make a quick adaptation；第二空 表示在新环境中“适应能力强”应用形容词adaptableo应选D。41、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。A.costume戏装；B. corporation公司；C.contest竞赛；D. conscience良心；内疚。根据"You didn't do anything wrong 可知，你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。应选D项。42、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口； B. decade十年;C. committee委员会；D.feedback反应。根据句意以及前文over the next可知,此处指“在未来十年。应选B 项。43、答案：B15解析: 考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie"位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除C、D项，主语是twotowns,是复数，故谓语动词用复数，surrounding周围的，是形容 词，surroundings”环境是名词，形容词beautiful修饰名词surroundings作介词宾语，应选B。44、答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食平安做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏；B. cuisine风味;A security平安;D.purchase采购。由语意可知，袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、 平安的水稻。应选C项。45、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个国家里，失业者可以从社会福利中得到钱，但靠这点钱生活并不算多。A.welfare （政府给予的）福利；B.price价格；C.prize奖赏;D.salary工资。根据前文“who have no job可知， 因为是没有工作的人，由此可知，此处需用名词welfare,表示从社会福利中得到钱。应选A。46、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A. confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负；C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。根据后文"for she had to bring up the children on her own（因为她必须单独抚养孩子）可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选D。47、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A. systems体系，系 统；B. priorities 优先事项；C. barriers 障碍；D. benefits 好处。根据"Music should be taught on a regular basis in16schools推知，音乐对儿童大脑的开展是有好处的。应选D。小提示：48、答案：D解析：考查句子成分。句意：我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，"my brother为主语，is为系动词，a policeman"在系 动词后作表语。应选D。49、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A. atmosphere气氛；B.bacon熏肉；C. curiosity好奇心；D. permission许可。由The police ordered him可知,此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座城 市，permission符合句意。应选D项。50、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想，并继续努力练 习。A. interaction互动；B panionship友谊；C.cooperation合作；D. rejection拒绝。根据上下文的转折 关系，可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，拒绝（rejection）符合语境和句意，应选D。51、答案：D解析：考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士乐有特 殊的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可 以省略，所以 while （he was） growing。preference （爱好,偏爱的事物）；interest （兴趣）。show a preference （表 现出偏爱）。根据"The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music可知，他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。应选D。52、答案：A17解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。A,thought思考；Bostrengths 力量；C.protection 保护；D.authority 权威。根据"There is no need to tell me your answer now”可知,现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。应选A项。53、答案：C解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：王教授上学期开了两门研究生课程。A. flash闪现；B. teenager青少年；C.semester 学期；D. focus 焦点。由上文“Professor Wang offered two graduate courses last可知，王教授是在上学期开了两门研究生课程，应选C。54、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：运发动们正在焦急地等待着比赛的最终结果，因为这是进入下一轮所必需的。A.outcome结果；B.outline概述；C eback重返；D.cooperation合作。根据句意本句指比赛结果。应选A。55、答案：C解析: 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的20年里，汤姆父母的行为和话语都对他有关键的影响。根据时间 状语"during the past twenty years可知，句子谓语用现在完成时。当"as well as”并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就 远原那么，即和behavior保持一致，所以要用第三人称单数形式。应选C。18A. accessB. fountainC. potentialD. documentTo develop advanced technology, we must first develop in the young people.A. resourceB. opportunityC. facilityD. creativity11> If we want to achieve success or get over the difficulties on the way, we shouldn't focus too much on the side of our life .A. positiveB. advantageC. negativeD. disadvantageHe is under great because of his new job.A. stressB. strengthC. streamD. pushIt is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A. detailB. magnitudeC. honourD. marathon14、Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.A. frightenedB. lovelyC. pressureD. unfamiliarVan Gogh was famous for his Sunflower, which was painted in three of yellow.A. portsB. shoresC. shadesD. stairs16> The lecture Jack Ma made in the 2018 Shanghai Forum of Zhejiang Merchants left us with a wonderfulhe gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.A. associations. functionC. satisfactionD. impression17> We will explore a different to gathering information.A. adventureB. approachC. advanceD. addition18、Be as careful of the books you read, as of the you keep, for your habits and character will be as muchinfluenced by the as by the latter.A. resentment.formalB. company . .formerC. hatred.formalD. virtue.former19> Her own experience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults.(找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释)A. fortuneB. hardshipsC. prideD. kindness20、 The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match, so I put it away somewhere out of my.A. sceneB. sceneryC. controlD. sight21、A poor economy has caused the of thousands of small businesses.A. complexityB. collapseC. convenienceD. correctionOne difficult task faced by both developed and developing countries is to guarantee the of naturalresources at the lowest possible environmental cost.A. inspections. exploitationC. contradictionD. exception23、They put an in a newspaper looking for rock musicians.A. mapB. advertiseC. informationD. advertisement24> Primary school teachers use a lot of aids in their class activities to make their teaching easier.A. medicalB. visualC. firstD. bandYou shouldn't have been so rude to your friend. I think you owe him a(n).A. apologyB. favourC. debtD. attemptBecause of the tight and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunchbreak to finish homework.A. scheduleB. investigationC. performanceD. impression27、The of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist.A. decorationB. constructionC. competitionD. combination28> I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl and she has changed beyond.A. generations. recognitionC. investigationD. graduation29> Plastic bags are not allowed in our town in a(n)to help the environment.A. attemptB. stuffC. depthD. disaster30、The fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased of andsupport for teaching among the public and nation.A. realizationB. professionC. recognitionD. acquisition31> The company presented him with a gold watch in of his 20 years of good service.A. achievementB. appreciationC. attentionD. agreementI am afraid I can not help you as it is beyond my.A. forceB. strengthC. energyD. power33、At present, the plays an important role in the city's transportation system.A. hikeB. fitnessC. subwayD. stressThe of a passage gives readers very important information about the main idea of it.A. titleB. homeworkC. houseworkD. panic35> Jerry has been preparing carefully for the coming English test so that he can be sure of passing it at his firstA. rescueB. attemptC. purposeD. requestJenny said that she had never thought in her life that she would ever sing .But now, singing in the choir provides from what she calls the gray days"".A. realityB. reliefC. missionD. fault37> Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of.A. brotherhoodB. brotherC. brothersD. brotherly38、While most of us are only too ready to others the cold wind of, we are somehow reluctantto give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.A. respond to.conflicts, apply to .criticismC. react to.threatD. reply to.superiority39、 The official is preparing documents for a four-nation regional meeting on elephant.A. constitutionB. affectionC. conservationD. production40> He made a quick to the new surroundings. In other words, he was more.A. adoption, adaptiveB. adaptation, adaptiveC. adapt, adaptableD. adaptation, adaptable41> You didn/t do anything wrongyou should have a clear.A. costumeB. corporationC. contestD. conscience42> The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream （主流）over the next.A. entranceB. decadeC. committeeD. feedbackIn a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundingsC. lay; surroundingD. did lie; surroundings44、Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high-yielding rice, making outstanding contributions to China's food.A. lackB. cuisineC. securityD. purchase45> People in this country who have no job can get money from, but it isn't much to live on.A. welfareB. priceC. prizeD. salary46> We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the children on her own.A. confidences. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy47> Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the it can bring to the development of5children's brains.A. systemsB. prioritiesC. barriersD. benefits48> My brother is a policeman.戈ij线成分是A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语49> The police ordered him not to leave the city without.A. atmosphereB. baconC. curiosityD. permission50、Though David received the from the school basketball team, he didn't give up his dream andcontinued practicing hard.A. interactionB. companionshipC. cooperationD. reje