2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点11--推理判断之引申推断--练高考--心中有数（教师版）.docx

2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点U一推理判断之引申推断练高考心中有数1.A【2022.新高考I卷】Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.Essays (60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业)during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class* lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.1. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.2. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A. You will receive a zero.B. You will lose a letter grade.C. You will be given a test.D. You will have to rewrite it.【答案】l.C 2. B 3. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分方法。1. C推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分方法)“和 Essays (60%)局部“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你 的四篇主要文章将构本钱课程评分的主要局部广可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分方法，可得出本文是 出自一个课程计划。应选C。2. B 细节理解题。根据黑体小标题"Essays (60%)”、"Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/ln-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3局部组成。应选B。3. A 推理判断题。根据"Late Work”局部"If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. the road will make a meaningful difference. not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits fbr smaller cities J he says.In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department's traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?A. They work better on broad roads.B , They should be used in other cities.C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.27. What can we learn from Bellevue's success?A. It is rewarding to try new things.B. The old methods still work today.C. I pays to put theory into practice.D. The simplest way is the best way.【答案】26. D27. A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应 性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也说明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。 26.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中“adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways（但自适应信号 并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药）''及第二句中“others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference（其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才能 起有意义的作用）”可推知，Kevin Balke认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。应选 D项。28. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句"These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.（这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大大减少 了通勤的麻烦和花费）”最后一段第一句"In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.（在Bellevue,对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的 典范）“可推知，从Bellevue的成功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。应选A项。11. C【2020浙江卷】Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers? memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, fbr eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating（刺激），demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive（认矢口）function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants, overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise,says Francisca Then, who led the study. "After a long run, you may feel like you're in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.”It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter's job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And "running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调），” she says. "You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.304. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?A. By using an expert's words.B. By making a comparison.C. By referring to another study.D. By introducing a concept.【答案】29. B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。神经病学杂志发布的一那么研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规 划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。29 .推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise,（这就像体育锻 炼一样有效。广及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下 来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比拟来解释 他的发现的。应选B项。12. B【2020.全国新高考n山东卷】Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition （学费）,because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to car her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed （牺 牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. "Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying fbr exams or papers J she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.7 . What can we learn from Jenifer's story? （）A. Time is money.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Hard work pays off.D. Education is the key to success.【答案】7.C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己 的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她 的三个孩子树立了典范，让他们得到了激励。8 .C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.（虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业）和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thafs the pretty powerful.（然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中 得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励这是非常强大的。）可知, Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了典范，同时也让家人得 到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C.Hard work pays off.（努力会 得到回报）符合以上说法，应选C项。13. D【2020全国新高考II山东卷】According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份），it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly（外表上）participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the 'TH have what she's having“ effect. However, we*ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? 14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.E. . On what basis do we “adjust the influence“ according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. How we feel about the food.【答案】14. A15. C【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究说明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。 文章详述了这个实验的过程。14.推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted tw。experiments”可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三 段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何 影响参与者。应选A。15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"If an overweight person is having a large portion, Til hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的 结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我 们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。应选C。14. B【2020全国新课标I】Returning to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There's a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don't change, people do. And thafs what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It's true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it's all about the present. It's about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Ernest Hemningway A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating （令人陶醉的），an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard's Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble （随笔）about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar's Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. It's a window to a whole new world.C. It's a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.25 . What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?A. It's a brief account of a trip.B. It's about Hemingway's life as a young man.C. Ifs a record of a historic event.D. It's about Hemingway's friends in Paris.27 . What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He loves poetry.B. He's an editor.C. He's very ambitious.D. He teaches reading.【答案】24. D25. B27. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。 作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24 .推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句"But books don't change, people do. And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处）” 和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older 1 get, the more I feel time has wings.（重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的 心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。广可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩 展对自己的理解。应选D项。25 .推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris,"及"an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于2