2022年初二下册英语语法归纳习题总复习题.docx

精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一、如何变人称：直接引语变间接引语She said “, I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book.留意：以下几种情形时态不变可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_口诀：一随主.二随宾,第三人称不更新.“一随主 ”是指在直接引语变间接引语时, 假如从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰.从句中的人称要依据主句中主语的人称变 化如：She said. "My brother wants to go shopping with me.”She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如从句中的主语及宾语是其次人称或被其次人你所修饰.从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一样.假如引号外的主句没有宾语.也可以用第一人称,如：He said to Kate. "How is your sisternow.”He asked Kate how her sister was the.n “第三人称不更新 ”是指直接引语变间接引语时. 假如从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good boy”.Mr Smith said Jack was a good boy.二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整.1 一般现在时一般过去时态.She said:“I am a student.” She said that she was a student.2一般将来时过去将来时She said, "He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his frien.dTom said, “I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.3 现在进行时过去进行时.直接引语是客观真理.The teacher said "The earth moves around the sun”. The teacher said me the earth moves aroundthe sun earth.直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变.Jack said.“I was doing chores when Tom came to see m”eJack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.直接引语中有详细的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变.如：Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980."Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.直接引语假如是一般现在时.表示一种反复显现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变.如：He said,“Iget up at six every morning.”He said he gets up at six every morning.假如直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例： could, should, would, might）The doctor said,“ You should stay in bed for 2 days.” The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.”和已经是过去时的形式时,例： ought to, had better, used toPeter said. "You had better come here today."Peter said I had better go there that day.三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规律,时间状语由 “现在”改为“原先”（例： now 变为 then, yesterday变为 the day before可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 27 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_today 变为 that dayHe said,” I want to go swimming now.” He said he wanted to go swimming then.的点状语,特别表示方向性的,here 变 thereThe teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.” The teacher said I should go there at 7:00. 指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼” 例： this 改为 thatHe said, "This books ismine. “He said that book was his.四、如何变句型：直接引语假如是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that 引导的宾语从句.She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语假如是反意疑问句,挑选疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 .He said, "Can you swim, John.“He asked John if he could swim."Do you go to school by bus or by bike."He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语假如是特别问句,间接引语应当改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必需用陈述句语序）.She asked me, "When do they have theidr inner.” She asked me when they had their dinner.She asked me, "What was Jack doing when I come in.”She asked me what Jack was doing when she came in.直接引语假如是祈使句,间接引语应改为“1."Don't make any noise," the teacher said to the students.She told ordered the students not to make any noise.2. “ Open the dooprl,ease," said she.She asked him to open the door.直接引语假如是以 “Let's开”头的祈使句, 变为间接引语时, 通常用“ sugges+t动句词（或从句） ”如： He said, "Let's go to the movies."He suggested going to the movies.或 He suggested that they should go to see the movies.1. Murphy: "I can sleep late everyday."He said he sleep late everyday.2. Mrs. Kosky: "My son will go bowling." She said her son go bowling.3. Iris: "Erika is going to the dance."She said she to the dance.4. Lissa: "I'm excited about going on vacation."She said she excited about going on vacation.5. Homeroom Teacher: "You can have a party." She said we have a party.6. Lana said,“I m mad at Marcia.”Lana said mad at Marcia.7. He said to me,“I will call you tomorrow. ”He me call the next day.8. They said,“We are having a meeting”.They said having a meeting.9. She said,“I go to school every Monday.”She said to school every Monday.10. My sister said to me,“I m going to help you.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Tell ask, order, beg等 sb not to do sth.句”型 .如：My sister me going to help .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 27 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_反义疑问句（附加疑问句）它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证明.反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句, 两部分的人称时态应保持一样 .1 陈述部分确定式疑问部分否定式2 陈述部分否定式疑问部分确定式They work hare, dont they.She was ill yesterday, wasnt she. You didn t go, did you.He cant ride a bike, can he.请留意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：1当陈述部分的主语是I , everyone, everything, nobody时,后面的疑问句应表示为：I am a student, aren t IEveryone is in the classroom, arent they. Everything begins to grow in spring, doesnt it. Nobody will go, will they.2. 当陈述部分有 never ,seldom, hardly ,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing等否定词时,后面的疑问句就表示为：There are few apples in the basket, are there. He can hardly swim, can he.They seldom come late, do they.3. 当陈述部分是 I think加从句时,疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一样.I think chickens can swim, can t they.I think Lucy is a good girl, isn t she. I didn't think he was happy, was he.4. 陈述部分有 had better时,疑问句应用hadnt 开头：youd better get up early, hadnt you.5. 当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要依据语气来表达：Let s go out for a walk, shall we. Let us go our for a walk, will you.Turn on the radio, will you.6. 反义疑问句的回答用yes, no , 但是,当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实.如：They don t work hard, do they.他们不太努力工作,是吗？Yes, they do.不, 他们工作努力. /No, they don t.对,他们工作不努力.一、反意疑问句的一般情形1当陈述部分的主语是： 等 everyone,everybody,someone, no one, nobody,somebody合成代词时,附加疑问句的主语非正式文体 中往往 they 用.（也可以按语法一样原就用单数.）2当陈述部分以 one 不定代词做主语时,附加问句的主语在正式常场用 one,非正式场合用he.3当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this或 that ,附加疑问句的主语用it .（是 those, these就用 they ）4当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything, anything, nothing等,附加问句的主语用it.5陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词,例如：never, hardly, scarcely,seldom,no,none, no one,rarely,nowhere,nothing, nobody, few, little等,附加疑问句的动词要用确定形式.6假如陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀,那么该陈述句应作确定句处理,附加疑问句应用否定形式.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 27 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_二、常见句型的反意疑问句7当陈述部分是 therebe 存在句型时,附加疑问句的主语也用there.8感叹句的附加疑问句,其谓语要求用否定句.9祈使句后面的附加疑问句题目A) 祈使句是否定形式,附加疑问句只能用will you.B) 祈使句是确定形式,附加疑问句用确定、否定均可.C) Let开头的祈使句要留意：1. Let s 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内,表示提出建议或征求对方看法,其反意疑问句往往用shall we.2. Let us在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内,表示恳求对 方答应做某事的含义, let有 allow的意思.附加疑问部分用willyou.3. Let me 开头表示恳求,附加疑问句用willyou,或用 mayI .三、复合句的反意疑问句10当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系.但是,当陈 述部分的主语是： I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, Iexpect等结构时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语,谓语保持一样关系.而且要留意到否定的转移题目.11当陈述部分是I msure that,.we are sure .I mafraid that . We are sure that.I feel sure that等后面跟宾语从句时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一样.12当陈述部分是并列句时,附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系.四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句13陈述部分中有have 一词,且表示“全部”含义时,附加疑问句部分既可用have 也可用 do.14陈述部分中有 have to ,附加疑问句部分用do.15含有 ought to的反意疑问句,陈述部分是确定的,疑问部分用 shouldn't / oughtn't主语.He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he. / shouldn't he.16陈述部分有 used to ,附加疑问句部分可用used 也可以用 did. 17陈述部分有neednt时,附加疑问句部分用need 但有时也可用 must.18 陈述部分有 must,且表示“必需”时,附加疑问句部分用mustn t ,假如表示“必要”就用needn t .19陈述部分中是 mustnt 表示“禁止”时,附加疑问句部分用must.陈述部分中的 must 表示“肯定”、“想必”等估计意义时,附加疑问句部分而是依据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定. 20陈述部分是I wish, 表示询问或征求看法,附加疑问部分用 may I .21弄清陈述句中的 d rather= would rather. d better= hadbetter附加疑问句部分前者用would ,后者用 had.其它特别结构的反意疑问句22陈述部分的主语是each of.结构时,附加疑问句在夸大整体时用 they ,当作个别时用he.23陈述部分有neither.nor.either.or.做并列主语,附加疑问部分依据其实际规律意义而定.Neither you nor I am engineer, are we.24陈述部分是： I m .结构,附加疑问句一般用aren t I.25. 陈述部分有 had better v.疑问句部分用 hadn't you. You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you.26. 陈述部分有 would rather v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't主语.He would ratherread ittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the.27. 陈述部分有 You'd like to v.疑问部分用 wouldn't主语.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 27 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you.28. 带情态动词dare或 need 的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need dare 主语.We need not do it again, need we . He dare not say so, dare you.当 dare, need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do 主语.She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she.反意疑问句练习1. You d rather watch TV this evening, .a. isn t it b. hadn t you c. wouldn t you d. won t you2. I suppose you re not going today, .a. are youb. do youc. don t youd. aren t you3. I wish to shake hands with you, .a. shallb. may Ic. do Id. will I4. Three hours ought to be enough time, .a. are theyb. aren t theyc. are all these dictionariesd. aren t all these dictionaries 11.The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, .a. wasn t itb. was itc. didn t wde. weren t we12. Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now, .a. hasn t hbe. has hec. shouldn t hde. didn t you13. David told me that you would take a trip to America, .a. would youb. wouldn t youc. did youd. didn t you 14.There appeared to be no better way, .a. was thereb. were therec. did thered. didn t there15. You has some trouble finding where I live, .a. didn t youb. hadn t youc. do Id. don t I 16.He has his hair cut every month, .a. has heb. hasn t hec. does hed. doesn t he17.Your friend needs to come earlier, .a. does heb. doesn t hec. need hed. needn t he可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_a. oughtn thtree hoursb. didn tht eyc. shouldn it tthree hours5.They have to study a lot, .d. shouldn t18. The little boy dare not go to church, .a. dare heb. daren t hec. does hed. doesn t he19. Susan d have worked abroad if she d had the chance, .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_a. don t theyb. haven t theyc. did theyd. hadn t they6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, .a. didn t hbe. did hec. did itd. didn t it7. I'm sure dirty, .a. am Ib. isn t Ic. aren t Id. am not Ia. has sheb. hadn t shec. would shed. wouldn t she20. Everyone s having a good time, .a. is heb. isn t everyonce. does hed. aren t they 21.Any one can join the club, .a. can any oneb. can t any onec. can t theyd. can they可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I don t thin2k2.yToeull me how to operate the electronic computer, .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, you.a. dob. didc. dontd. didn t9. That s the sort of the book you want, .a. is itd. isn t thact. is thatd. isn t it10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, .a. will youb. shan t youc. do youd. don t you 23.Magaret scarcely comes to visit you on Christmas Day, .a. doesn t shbe. does shec. do youd. don t you24. Let s listen to the radio program that the teachnetriomneed, .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 27 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_a. do web. don t we c. shall wed. shan t we 25.You think you re funny, .a. didn t youb. are youc. don t youd. do you26.Janet used to take part in labor in that village, .a. used sheb. did shec. didn t shde. should she 27.What beautiful weather,.a. is itb. isn t ict . won t it d. doesn t it28. He ought to go to Kwangchow by plane, .a. should heb. shouldn t hce. would hed. wouldn t he29. We never dared to ask him a question, .a. did web. didn t wec. dared wed. daren t we30. Nobody will believe how difficult his work has been .a. will heb. won t nobodyc. will theyd. won t they 31.You must have made the mistake, .a. mustn t youb. haven t youc. didn t youd. hadn t you32.Learning how to repair computers takes a long time, .a. isn t ibt . aren t thecy. doesn t idt . don t they 33.Jack has coffee with breakfast, .a. hasn t Jacbk. hasn t hec. doesn t Jacdk. doesn t he34.They must have stayed at hotel last night, .a. mustn t theyb. haven t theyc. didn t thedy. hadn t they 35.There isn t anything wrong with the radio, .a. is thereb. is itc. does itd. does there 36.You must be hungry, .a. must youb. mustn t youc. are youd. aren t you37.Let s do the exercises by ourselves, .a. has youb. hadn t shec. did shed. didn t she 40.Something ll have to be done about the air pollution, .a. won t it b. will itc. has itd. does it41. Linda ate nothing this morning, .A. didn t she B. was she C. did she D. wasn t she42. There s hardly milk in the bottle, et.herA. no, isn t B. some, is C. little, isn t D. any, is43. He has never ridden a horse before, .A. does he B. has he C. hasn t he D. doesn t he44. He seldom came here, . Yes sir.A. didn t he B. does he C. doesn t he D. did he45. Everything seems all right, .A. does it B. don t they C. won t it D. doesn t it46. Nobody was absent from the meeting, .A. was it B. were they C. wasn t he D. weren t they47. One can t be too modest, can . A. one B. he C. it D. we48. No one failed in the exam, .A. was he B. did one C. did they D. didn t he49. I m a little late for class, I.A. amn t B. am not C. isn t D. ain t50. Neither you nor I am a artist, .A. am I B. aren t we C. are we D. ain t I51. He can t be her father, he.A. is B. isn t C. can D. can t答案： 1C2 A3B4C5A6 A 7C8B9D10B11A12C13B14D可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_a. shall web. shan t wec. will youd. will we15A16D17B18A19D20D21C22A23B24C25D26C38.Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned,