2022年小学-级英语语法总结.docx

精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学校英语语法总结一、时态 小 结时定义特点动词的变化规章态可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一般表示常常性现或习惯性的在动作. 时现表示现在或在现在一阶段进正在进行的行动作.时一般 表示过去某过 时发生的动去 作或情形 . 时一般表示将要发将生的事情来时every day/morning/usuallynow/ look/ listenyesterday morning/afternoon/eveninglast year/montha minute ago/an hour agothis morning/afternoon/eveningtomorrowthe day after tomorrow/ the next day/Monday at the weekend/tonighttomorrow night/morning/afternoon第三人称单数的变化情形:1. 一般情形在词尾直接加 -s2. 以 ch,sh,s,x或 o 结尾的词加 -es3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词 , 将 y 改成 i 再加-es现在分词的变化情形 :1. 一般情形在词尾直接加-ing2. 以 e 结尾的词 , 去掉 e 再加-ing3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词, 双写最终一个字母加-ing动词过去式的变化情形 :1. 一般情形在词尾直接加-ed2. 以 e 结尾的词加 -d3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词 , 将 y 改成 i 再加-ed4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词, 双写最终一个字母加-ed主要构成be going to/will +动词原形be + 形容词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_凡是在 must, mustnt, can, cant, letsm, adyo,n witl,l 后的肯定要用动词的原形可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_二、名词的复数.名词按其数 ,可分两种 : 可数名词和不行数名词.可数名词的复数变化规章:1. 一般情形下 ,直接在词尾加 -s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens2. 以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的词 ,在词后加 -es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,3. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的 ,变 y 为 i 再加 -es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的 ,变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加 -es, 如 :knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5. 以 o 结尾的加 -es 或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6. man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,三、形容词的比较级、最高级.形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规章:1. 一般情形下 ,直接在词尾加 -er 或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest2. 以 e 结尾的 ,加 -er 或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3.以辅音字母 +y 结尾的 , 变 y 为 i 再加 -er 或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4. 以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母 ,再加 -er 或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5. 多音节的词 ,前加 more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.6. good-better-best四、 be 动词 ,助动词.现阶段 be 动词形式有 : am, is, are, were, was, isn助动词形式有 : do, does, did, dont, doesnt, didnt, arentt, werent, wasn t1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有 be 动词的就在be 动词上变化 ,变 “过去 ” ,否“定 ”;否定过去否定am-am not 第一人称“ I ” am, is - was -wasntis -isn t第三人称 are- were -weren tare- aren tyou 和其它人称 2. 没有 be 动词的就要加助动词;否定过去过去否定do- don t-did-didn tdoes第三人称单数 - doesn -t- -did-didn t可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -五人称代词主语物主代词形容词性名词性宾格Imyminemesheherhersherhehishishimititsitsityouyouryoursyouweouroursustheytheirtheirsthem有 can, will, must 这几个词的句子,全部的句型转换都在此词变化.1.数词变化规律及读法口诀两大数词基和序,前表数量后第几.构成先谈基数词,1 至 12 请认真记.13 至 19teen 结尾齐, ty 结尾表示几十.如要表达几十几,几十短横1 到 9. One hundred 一百记,如表几百几十几.几百and 几十几,基数规律上述里.再把序数谈认真,第一至三独立记.第四至十九结尾th,第结尾 th,第廿到九十有规律.基数基础y 变 ieth.第几十几有特例,第几十由基数起,几用序数有道理.第一百 one hundred.如说第一百几十几.One hundred and 第几十几.谈此即告一段落.序有缩式莫遗忘,上述须专心品味.2.句子种类口诀句子按用途分四大体,陈述疑问感叹和祈使.陈述用来表达一件事.疑问主要用来提问题.祈使表达命令和恳求.表达剧烈感情感叹句.上述九是句种之定义.祈使主语you 被抛弃.如将其变成否定形式,动词之前加 dont是正理.3.陈述句变感叹句口诀陈述变感叹两句套.What 或 How 加其他成分表.What aan 形加名用的妙.剩余照写句末用感叹号.How 后副和形是正确道,其后照写感叹号堪称妙.4.一般现在时用法及句型转换口诀常常习惯动作和真理,是一般现在时的定义.构成除单三皆动原式.如逢动词第三人称体,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_动词变单三式有道理.如要变成否定的形式,动词原形之前加dont除,单三人称外无特例.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_单三式前doesn动t原基.句首Do,Does 疑问起, Does 用单三人称限制,单三仍原形没大问题.5.变动词单三人称口诀一般情形动词尾-s 加. O,s,ch,sh 结尾 “-es”没有差.辅音加 y 去 y 为“-ies ”是方法.6.现在进行时及句型转换口诀现在正在进行之动作,用现在进行时来掌舵.构成be 加现在分词妥,be 的用法犹如系动词.切记 be 是助动词没错,be 后面加 not 否定拓. Be 提句首疑问有把握,上述内容记清好处多.7.现在分词构成口诀词尾直加 -ing 是一般式,如遇无音e 去之加 -ing .重读闭音一辅音字母尾,双写该字母-ing 是正里.8.形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成口诀结尾直加 -er,-est 属一般,具体构成方法逐一来侃谈. 一辅音结尾重读闭音节看,辅音双写-er,-est 是习惯.辅音加 yly 除外有型感,根据去y,-er,-iest 方法办.上述皆属单音部分双音段,下面把多音节规律来看看.词前加 more,most 此规律唤.规章变化到此已全都谈完.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_有些不规章变化请你记全.“双好 ”better,bes记t的宽.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_“坏病 ” worse,worst莫记乱. “双多 ” more,mos不t 用管可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_“老、远 ”两种形式别记篡,“有点 ” less,leas记t清盼.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_9.感观使役动词记忆和使用口诀1.记忆口诀：二听四看一感觉,使役动词有三个.或：一感二听三使四看.一感. feel 二听： hear,listen to 三使： make ,let ,have四看： look at,see,watch,notice使用口诀：感使动词真古怪,to 在句中象妖怪.主动句里它走开,被动句里它回来.动词 let 要除外, to 词可来可不来.10.规章动词加 -ed 的读音口诀元音后 t ,浊音后 d , td 后读 id .注：浊音包括浊辅音和元音.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_11.时刻表达法口诀时刻表达法作用大,衣食住行离不开它.整点时把点钟数打,时分俱全不好表达.请登记列几种方法:先时后分莫给弄差.如要说明几点过几分,可把past 和 after 来抓.前分后时不能搞差,要说几点几分差,to 前分后时来表达.12.形容词和副词的比较等级及用法句型口诀一者比较用原级.比较级限二者比.三者三者往上比,最高级的用法起.如要比项把握齐,比较范畴要搞细.比较级二句型记,做出句子没问题.如甲乙程度相同, as as 结构体.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_PEP 学校英语重点句型语法总结与分析三年级起点的人教版 PEP 教材在学校阶段共有 8 册书,其涉及的重要语法学问主要有 7 种：to be 句型、there be 句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词 can 引导的句型、 be going to 句型等.现以 5 8 册书为例,简要分析如下：一 to be 句型：用于介绍个人情形如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、伴侣、职业等,描述的点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等,该句型广泛分布于各册教材中,其中5 8 册的句型主要有：1. Who s your English teacher.Mr. Carter.2. What s he likeH. e s tall and strong.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. Is she quiet. No, she isnShe is verty.active.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4. Is she strict.Yes, she is, but she s very kind.5. What day is it today. It s Wednesday.6. What s your favourite fruit/food.7. They re sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/8. When is your birthday. It s in May.9. My birthday is in June.Uncle Bill s birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June.Yes, it is.11. What s the date.12. This is Zhang Peng.13. Where is the cinema, please. It s next to the hospital.14. How tall are you ？I m 164 cm tall.15. You are shorter than me. 16.You re 4 cm taller than me.17. How heavy are you.I m 48 kg.18. I m thinner than you, and shorter.19. What s the matter with you.My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah.二 there be 句型：表示存在,即：“某处有某物 ”或“某时有某事 ”.句型基本结构为：There is+ 可数名词单数或不行数名词+时间或的点. There are+ 可数名词复数+的点.该句型主要分布在第5 册 的 Unit 5 和 Unit6 中,如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park.Yes, there is.4. Is there a river.No, there isn t.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains.No, there aren t.6. Are there any fish in the rivers.Yes, there are.三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为,或现在存在着的状况.句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词 +其他.当主语是第三人称单数时,要在动词原形后面加s 或 es,其他人称作主语时就用动词原形,在问 句及否定句中需要用助动词do 或 does.这种句型通常有一些标志词,如：usuallyoftensometimes neveralways 等.该句型主要分布在第5 册 Unit2&3 , 第 6 册 Unit1&2,第 7册 Unit4,5,6,第 8 册 Unit2 中.如：Book5:1. What do you have on Thursdays.We have English, math and science on Thursdays.2. What do you do on Saturdays.I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays.We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I don t like grapes.Book6:1. When do you eat dinner. I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you get up.I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend.Usually I watch TV and go shopping.4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best. I like winter best.6. Why do you like summer/winter.Book7:1. How do you go to school, Sarah.2. Usually I go to school on foot.Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math. Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesnSht.e teaches math.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6. What does your mother do. What does your father do.7. Where does she work. She works in a car company.8. How does she go to work. She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from. It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from. It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from. It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.13. How do you do that.Book8:1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel. I feel sick. How does Amy feel.3. You look so happy. You look sad today.四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或大事,或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情形.标志词是： now 也常用在Look. Listen. 等后面.句型主要结构为： be 动词（ am, is, are）+动词现在分词v. ing.该句型主要分布在第6 册 Unit4, 5, 6 中.如：1. What are you doing. I m doing the dishes. I m reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing . It s eating bananas.4. What is she doing . She s jumping.5. What are they doing . They re swimming. They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch. No, we aren t.7. Are they eating the honey. Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess. Yes, he is.9. Is she counting insects. No, she isn t.五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经终止的大事、动作或情形.句型基本结构为：主语+动词过去式 +其他.标志词通常是： yesterday, last week , last year 等,在问句与否定句中要用助动词 did.该句型分布在第 8 册 Unit3&4 中.如：1. What did you do last weekend. I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room. Yes, I did.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. What did you do yesterday.I went fishing.4. Did you read book.Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room.No, I didn t.6. Where did you go on your holiday.I went to Xinjiang.7. What did you do there.I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there ？I went by train.此外,一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问.如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的： What would you like for lunch. I d like some六 情态动词can 引导的句型：表示有才能做某事,can 后面的动词要用原形.该句型主要分布在第5 册Unit4 和第 7 册 Unit1 中.如：Book4: 1. What can you do.I can sweep the floor.I can cook the meals.2. I can water the flowers.3. Can you make the bed.No, I can t.4. Can you use a computer.Yes, I can.Book7:How can I get to Zhongshan Park.You can go by the No. 15 bus.七 将来时： 我们的教材中显现过两种表示将来时的句型,即：will 和 be going to句型, 主要以 be going to句型为主,表示将要做某事或准备做某事.句型主要结构：am/is/are + going to + v. 原形.标志词有： tomorrownext weekendthis morningthis weekendnextbe going toBook7:1. What are you going to do this weekend.I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going.I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing.He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan.She is going to go there at 9:00 am.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学校英语疑问词用法总结句子可分为四类1、陈述句（确定句和否定句）2、疑问句（一般疑问句、特别疑问句和挑选疑问句）3、祈使句（确定句和否定句）4、感叹句.四大句子类型的相互转换,如：将陈述句变成一般疑问句：疑问疑问调个头,把be系动词 “is are am ”放在最前头.又如：将陈述句的确定句变成否定句：否定,否定加 “not,”加在何处,加在系动词的后面.在句子相互转换的题型中,最难的要算“就以下划线部分提问”或是 “看答句, 写问句 ”这种题型了, 其实, 我们只要娴熟把握疑问词（ what ,what time, what colour,where, when,who, whose, which, how, how old , how tall, how long,how big, how heavy ,how much, how many 等等）具体用法,明白他们是针对什么提问的,这种题型就很简单做了.疑问词意义用法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_what什么用来问是什么,叫什么,做什么等1. What s your name.你叫什么名字？2. What s your father.你爸爸是干什么的？3. what is in your box.你的盒子里是什么？What time is it.几点了？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_What time什么时间用来问时间What colour什么颜色用来问颜色What time is it now.现在几点了？1. waht colour is your bag.你的书包是什么颜色？2. what colour is your book.你的书本是什么颜色？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_What about怎么样用来征求看法或询问感受等,大多用于承接上面的同样问题1. what bout this pair of shoes.这双鞋子怎么样？2. what about you.你了？3. what about your dad.你爸爸了？1. what day is it today.今日星期几？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_What day星期几用来问星期几What date什么日期问具体的日期2. what day was yesterday.昨天星期几？1Whats the date today.今日是几号？2. what date is tomorrow.明天是几号？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用来问目的,在肯定What did you buy that for.你为什么要买那可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Whatfor为何目的情形下只可以与 why个？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_互换可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_when什么时候用来问时间1. when do you get up.你什么时候起床？2. when did you go there.你什么时候去的那里？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_where哪里用来问的点用来问具体的哪一which哪一个个who谁用来问人物是谁1. where is my ruler.我的尺子在哪里？2. where are you from.你是哪里人？3. where are you going to .你准备去哪里？1. which season do you like best.你最喜爱哪个季节？2. which class are you in.你在哪一个班？ 3.which one is my pen？哪一个是我的钢笔？ 1.who is that boy.那个男孩是谁？2. who are you going to with.你准备和谁一起去？3. Who is that pretty lady.那个美丽的女士是谁？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_whose谁的用来问东西是谁的1. whose bag is this.这是谁的包？ 2.whose bike is yellow.谁的自行车是黄色的？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_why为什么用来问缘由用来询问身体等状how怎么样况1. why do you like spring.你为什么喜爱春天？2. why did you go there.你为什么去那里？1. how are you.你好吗？2. how is your mother.你妈妈好吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_How old几岁用来问年龄How long多长用来问长度1. how old are you.你几岁了？2. how old is your father.你爸爸多大了？1. how long are your legs.你的腿多长？2. how long is your pencil.你的铅笔多长？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_How big多大用来问物体的大小1.How big is your bedroom.你的卧房多大？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -How tall多高用来问高度2.How tall isyour brother.你弟弟有多高？1. How heavy are you.你有多重？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_How heavy多重用来问重量How far多远用来问路