英语四六级阅读逻辑01课堂笔记.docx

阅读逻辑01课堂笔记视频定位 07:30-13:00视频定位 07:05-16:55视频定位 16:56-24:35视频定位 24:58-28:20视频定位 24:40-30:55读文章：1、感性色彩；2、逻辑关系；3、同义替换细节题：1、定位好的句子；2、同义改写；3、排除干扰(绝对化、答非所问、偷换概念、逻辑相反)2005年 Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. /Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one./Indeed； if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged./Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human” , with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. /But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.段落分析：fat丰厚的；outraged愤怒的；第一局部，幸福来自比照。他们认为其他的动物没有, but句后，其实也有。21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces histopic byposing a contrast比照（不同之处）。A justifying an assumption证明假设是合理正当的。原文证明是错的。B making a comparison 类比（相同之处）。C explaining a phenomenon解释了一个现象。正确The statement “it is all too mon keyH (Last line, Paragraph I) implies that. 暗示。主旨题。A monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals猴子会因为懒散的对手而愤怒。与原文相比缺少条件，还需耍对手获得的比自己多。B resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature对不公平感到愤怒也是猴子的特点。正确monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other猴子和人一样会嫉妒彼此。原文没有嫉妒。C no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions 只有猴子才有这种情绪。NOTE :【方法技巧】【题干关键】【关键词、句】里叔叨叨】逻辑提示词（时间、转折、情感色彩）Z记 tips串联题干：关于猴子的研究。2000 text5唐叔总结：干扰选项一缺条件If ambition is to be well regarded , the rewards of ambitionwealth , distinction , control over one'sdestinymust be deemed worthy of the sacrificesmade on ambition's behalfIt is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.A its returns well compensate for the sacrificesit is rewarded with money, fame and power 和原文一模一样，但缺少条件。B its goals are spiritual rather than materialit is shared by the rich and the famousThe researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. /They look cute./ They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. /Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.段落分析：猴子的特点。23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are为什么它们被选作实验研究对象。关注最重要的，也就是原文中的above all后面的。A more inclined to weigh what they get权衡它们获得的。B attentive to researchers' instructions更听话。C nice in both appearance and temperament长得好看。D more generous than their male companions非常慷慨。唐叔tip :一定关注题干中的副词。视频定位 32:19-33:09Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan' s and Dr. de Waal' s study. /The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. /Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. /However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different.段落分析：实验的过程。视频定位 33:10-34:05【唐叔总结】例证题是一种解题思路1、实验的重点在于结论2、审题清楚：提问对象一过程/结论 考场之上无跳读。In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers)./ So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. /And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. /Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.段落分析：实验过程。视频定位 49:38-51:30The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions./In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. /Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. /Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. /Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. /However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.段落分析：实验结论，猴子和人一样，只有他们不被骗的时候才稳定。24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys视频定位 41:50-43:45视频定位 41:50-43:45实验最终得出结论。A prefer grapes to cucumbers 葡萄和黄瓜。过程。B can be taught to exchange things 交换东西。过程。C will not be co-operative if feeling cheated如果感到欺骗了他们不合作。D are unhappy when separated from others 分开关着的时候不高兴。过程。25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?视频定位 48:45-52:45【唐叔总结】推理（infer）答案多在转折处。从最后一段推测。A Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.猴子可以被训练出社会的情绪。很多年前己具备，不是被训练的。B Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. 人们对不公平的愤怒源自于无解。C Animals usually show their feelings openly as humansdo.动物可以像人一样表达自己的感觉。这不是文章重点。D Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.猴子的合作只有在野外才稳定。稳定不取决于是否在野外，而是是否被欺骗。Text 3Of all the components of a good night7 s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.视频定位01:00:0S-01:08:0S/In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak./ A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep./ Now (时间比照)researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind/ s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line." /And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. / "It' s your dream/' says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago* s Medical Center. / nIf you don' t like itz change it."段落分析：梦是最难控制的。梦是伪装的无意识的恐惧和欲望的阴影。these指示代词+名词，名词 前文一定出现过。now后，梦可以被驾驭，可以被改变。串联题干：关于做梦的话题。视频定位01:08:08-01:11:0&31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams, 研究者相信梦 。考的是now时间转折。A can be modified in their courses 在过程中可以被调节。B are susceptible to emotional changes 容易受到情感变化的影响。C reflect our innermost desires and fears 反映了欲望和恐惧。原文中出现，题干问的是现在。D are a random outcome of neural repairs 随机的神经修复。原文中出现，题干问的是现在。正确视频定位01:11:15-01:14:52Evidence from brain imaging supports this view./ The brain is as active during (rapid eye movement) sleepwhen most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. /But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the(the “emotional brain" ) is especially active, while the prefrontalcortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. / We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day." says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.段落分析：我们的大脑支持一种观点，在REM的时候活跃。while比照。第一句话是关键句，后面全是 例子。三个灰色短语纸老虎。视频定位01:14:55-01:21:3032. By referring to the limbic system, the author intendsto show.例证题。Limbic system充当例子。先排除例子。A its function in our dreams代词指题干的limbic sistem,纸老虎,排除。B the mechanism of REM sleep纸老虎，排除。C the relation of dreams to emotions上一段主要讲梦是用来调节情绪的，本段第一句支持这一观点(即上文中心)。D its difference from the prefrontal cortex纸老虎，排除。【唐叔总结】例证题：1、标志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show to2、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子 所支持的观点；观点一般在例子前, 有时也在例子后。（找到正确的）3、干扰选项：就事论事讲例子 本身（排除错误的）代词指代（this that these those such ）例证题找观点：1、观点可以跨越段落2、上下都可以考虑3、排除干扰项双管齐下视频定位01:22:05-01:23:35The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright' s clinic. /Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. /Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don' t always think about the emotional significance of the day' s events until, it appears, we begin to dream.段落分析：梦和情绪。2006年 Text 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct.视频定位01:21:55-01:25:25.正确The negative feelings generated during the daytend toA aggravate in our unconscious mind 恶化。B develop into happy dreams好的梦。原文是happier。C persist till the time we fall asleep一直持续到入睡。D show up in dreams early at nigh 表现在做梦初期。game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. /Now could be happening in the oceans.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that段落主旨。A large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment 大的动物容易受到环境变化的影响。原文没提及。B small species survived as large animals disappeared小物种幸存的时候，大物种灭绝。原文：smaller,比拟级被偷换。C large sea animals may face the same threat today 大型海洋动物面临相同情况。D slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones作业：2005年text2、4,2009年text3课后总结一、例证题：L 标志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show to2、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观直l观点一般在例子前，有时也在例子后。（熠 正确的）3、干扰选项：就事论事讲例子本身（排除错误的）二、例证题找观点：1、观点可以跨越段落2、上下都可以考虑3、排除干扰项双管齐下三、例证题是一种解题思路1.实验的重点在于结论2、审题清楚：提问对象过程/结论四、推理（infer）答案多在转折处。