2022年高三定语从句考点归纳.docx

精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思高三定语从句考点归纳定语从句又称为形容词性从句,引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：who, whom, that, which, as, whose等和关系副词when, where,why 等,关系代词在定语从句中充当 主语、宾语 , 表语,定语等.关系副词就在从句中充当状语. 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,关键是看有无逗号把先行词与定语从句分开.如有,是非 限定性定语从句,此时关系词不能省略.如 无,就是限定性定语从句.综观历年高考试 题,我们可以发觉该语法项目是测试中的热 点与难点. 为了便于同学们复习该语法点时有所侧重,本文拟就其考点作以归纳.一、考查几组关系词异同1. 考查先行词是物时,关系代词which,that充当主语或宾语异同： 在限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语关系代词which, that 一般可以互换, 关系代词作宾语时仍可以省略.（ 1） which用于以下情形： I 假如引导的是非限定性定语从句;（ II）关系代可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前;（ III）先行词本身是that等.（ 2）that用于以下情形： I 先行词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, little,much等不定代词.（ II）先行词被 all,any,every,no, little, much,some 等词修饰.（ III）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修 饰或先行词本身是序数词.（ IV ）先行词被 theonly,thevery正是、恰是 ,thelast修饰.（ V）先行词中既有人也有物.（VI ）在 which或 who的特别疑问句中含有定语从 句等.另外需要留意：先行词是the way, 并在定语从句充当状语时,关系代词用that 或省略,如用which,其前加介词in . 典型考题 （09 江西）The house I grew up has been taken down and replacedby an officebuilding.A. in itB. inC. in thatD. in which（ 07 年浙江） Chans restaurant on Baker Street, used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where 04 湖北 What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.Athe wayB in the way thatCin the wayD the way which可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（ 10 全国） I refuseto accept the blame forsomething was someone else s fault.A. whoB. thatC. asD. what解析： B.该题考查的是定语从句中关系代词前的介词位于谓语动词之后,关系代词可以省略,定语从句补充完整为：which/that I grew up in,修饰先行词the house .如挑选 D 项,应当用in which I grew up B.先行词 Chans restaurant在非限制性定语从句充当used to be poorly run的主语,故用 which . A.在 notbut结构中,前后应一样,因but 之前是名词性从句,故其后也应当是名词性 从句或与之相对的名词等,又因the way 在该定语从句充当方式状语,所以关系词用that, inwhich 或省略,应选 the way . B.不定代词something 在定语从句作主语,用that引导.2. 考查先行词是人,关系代词who,whom,that充当主语或宾语异同：在限定性定语从句中充当主语一般用 who,that .充当宾语时三者可以互换或关系代词仍可以省略.以下情形用who 或 whom: I 在非限定性定语从句中, 先行词是人, 并在从句中充当主语,关系代词用who,充当宾语, 用 whom或 who口语中 ,（II ）先行词是人,介词后的宾语, 只能用 whom等. 典型考题 （ 06 北京） Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those dont.A. who ;不填B.不填 ;whoC. who ; whoD. 不填 ;不填（ 10 浙江） The settlementis hometo nearly1,000 people,many oflefttheir village homes for a better life in the city.AwhomB whichC themD those解析： C.两处都是考查定语从句,并且都是关系代词充当主语,第一个空格前的women是其后的 定语从句的先行词,并在从句中充当主语,其次个空格前的those 指代的是 women,是其后的定语从句的先行词,并在从句中充当主语,故前后两空都用who. A.在非限定性定语从句中表示人的先行词“1,000 people ”充当介词of 的宾语,故用whom.3. 先行词是人时,关系代词which 与 who/whom在定语从句的区分：关系代词which 引导定语从句,并在从句中作表语或补足语时,其先行词可以是表示人的职业、身份、性格、才能等,但这里的人不是指详细的人.而who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语（口语）,whom在定语从句中只作宾语,who或 whom代的先行词是详细的人的名词或代词. 典型考题 （ 05 湖北） Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思AwhoBthatC whatD which 07 北京We shouldn t spend our money testing so many people, most of are healthy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom解析： D.此处的 lawyer从表面看指的是人,但实际上是人的职业,并在非限制性定语从句充当be动词的表语.故用which . D.先行词people 在非限制性定语从句充当介词of 的宾语,故用whom.4. 关系代词 whose 与 which 在定语从句作定语的区分：在“（介词）+关系代词 +名词”中,关系代词作定语, 一般多用 whose（即指人, 也指物）. 但如名词是case, point,reason,fact,situation,time 等抽象名词用来总结整个主句的情形或句子的部分内容时,作定语的关系代词用which ,结构常见于“介 词+关系代词 +名词”.另外需要留意：物作定语时,whose+名词 =the + 名词 +of+which或 of+which +the+名词. 典型考题 05 重庆 Mark was a studentat thisUniversityfrom 1999 to 2022,he studiedvery hard and was made chairman of the students Union.A. during which timeB. for which timeC. during whose timeD. by that time（ 10 山东） Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. What 08 陕西 The man pulled out a gold watch,were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands ofD. the hands of which解析： A .此题考查在定语从句中during which time表示“在 1999 至 2022 期间”.C.空格处所选的词应当是引导定语从句并且在从句中作parts的定语,所以使用whose.whose parts=the partsof which或 of which the parts. D.先行词 watch 与定语从句中the hands构成从属关系,故结构为：the hands of which或 of which the hands或 whose hands .5. 考查关系代词which 与 as 引导非限定性定语从句的异同.两者都可并指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,在从句中做主语、宾语等,位于主句之后.（ 1）以下情形多用which: I 在非限制性定语从句作主语时谓语动词是连系动词之外的行为动词.（II ）非限制性定语从句用以对主句的意义进行补 充,前后不一样,出乎意料的.（III）非限定性定语从句的关系代词紧跟在介词后面充当介词的宾语等.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（2）以下情形用as: I 在主句之前或插入主句之中用as .（ II ）表“犹如那样,依据,正如”含义,这里的 as 主要起与上下文联系的作用,表达说话人的看法,并指出内容、出处和依据等,常用的结构有 as we know 众所周知 , as often happens 正如常发生的那样 , as is often the case（情形经常如此）, as is+announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported 正如所 等. 典型考题 （ 10 四川） After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,turned out to be a wise decisionAthatB whichC whenD where 06 江苏 The owner of the cinema needed to make a lotof improvements and employ more people to keep it running, meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which 04 江苏 is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. WhichB. WhenC. WhatD.As 00 北京春招 The result of the experiment was very good, we hadn't expected.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what解析： B.此处应为which 引导的非限制性定语从句,which 代替前面整个句子.D.从句中的谓语动词 meant 是非连系动词的行为动词,故用which . D.关系代词在非限制性定语从句指代后面一个句 子,且在此从句中充当主语,故用As. C.关系代词在非限制性定语从句指代前面一个句子,并在从句充当宾语,由从句可知,前面一件事是出人意料,并作expected 的宾语,故用which .6. 考查关系代词与关系副词where,when,why 的区分及关系副词相互之间的区分：（1）可以用关系副词 where 代替 in which/onwhich/towhich 等表示的点的状语,常见表的点的名词既有“详细”的（如：place,school,family等）也有“抽象”的（如：point,situation,career,activity,job,stage ,scene等）.（ 2）可以用关系副词when代替 on which/in which/at which/during which等表示时间的状语, 常见表时间的名词既有“详细”的（如：days,time等）也有“抽象”的（如：stay,occasion等）.（ 3）可以用关系副词why 代替 for which表示缘由的状语（非限定性定语从句常用for which）,此时其先行 词常是 reason .但需要留意的是：如表示时间、的点或缘由的先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语时,只能用关系代词 which,that或关系代词的省略形式（作宾语）. 典型考题 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（ 10 福建） Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planetlife has developed gradually.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose（09 四川）Shellnever forg et her stay there she found her son whohad gone missing two years before.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when 02 上海春招 Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work.A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained解析： B.先行词 planet在从句中做的点状语,用关系副词where 或 in which. D.her stay为先行词,可以懂得为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间）,when指代 her stay在定语从句中做时间状语.A.先行词虽然是reason, 但在从句中充当explained的宾语,而非在从句中充当缘由状语,故用heexplained,省略了作宾语的关系代词.二、考查定语从句中的“介词+关系代词”结构1、考查该结构中关系代词的选用.如介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人经常用whom,指物经常 用 which . 典型考题 （ 09 海南） She brought with her three friends, none ofI had ever met before.A. themB. whoC. whomD. these（ 10 江苏） The newly built café, the walls of are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.A. thatB. itC. whatD. which解析： C.在定语从句中代替先行词friends作介词 of 的宾语.故用关系代词whom. D.在定语从句中先行词the newly built café 作介词 of 的宾语.故用关系代词whom.2、考查该结构中介词的选用.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（ 1）一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义.从句中的动词固定搭配.句子的意思. 典型考题 08 上海 We went through a periodcommunicationswere very difficultin the rural areas.A.whichB.whoseC.in whichD.with which（ 10 山东） Wind power is an ancient source of energywe may return in the near future.A. on whichB.by whichC.to whichD. from which 06 陕西 She was educated at BeijingUniversity,shewent on to have her advanced study abroad.A. after whichB. from whichC. from thatD. after that解析： C.把从句补充完整：communicationswere very difficultin the ruralareas in/during the period ,可以判定出此处用介词in .此句中介词的选用取决于先行词period . C.把从句补充完整： we may return to an ancient source of energy in the near future,可以判定出此处用介词to .此句中介词的选用取决于从句中的动词固定搭配return to sth. A.主句与定语从句是先后关系,故用 after which.此句中介词的选用取决于句子的意义（ 2）表示“整体和部分关系”、“同位关系”或“所属关系”,介词常用of .常见结构：（ I ）在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前后可以用ofwhich/whom.（II ）the + 比较级或最高级前后用of which/whom等. 典型考题 05 全国 II have many friends,some are businessmen.A. of themB. from whichC. who ofD. of whom（ 04 湖北） There are two buildings ,stands nearly a hundred feet high . Athe largerB the larger of themCthe larger one thatDthe larger of which可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思解析： D .先行词 friends在定语从句中与some 构成所属关系, 故用 some of whom或 of whomsome.D.先行词 buildings在定语从句中与比较级the larger构成所属关系,故用the larger of which或of which the larger.三、考查定语从句的特别结构1. 考查关于定语从句的分隔结构.命题者主要通过定语从句的分隔考查动词形式的挑选和通过先行词的定位, 确定定语从句的关系词及介词+关系词的选用. 考查动词形式的挑选主要表现在以下几方面：定语从句对主谓结构的分隔时的主句谓语动词挑选.定语从句对从句中宾补结构的分隔时的非谓语动词.定语从句对主句定语、状语的分隔时的非谓语动词.定语从句对一些固定句式的分隔时的非谓语动词. 10 上海 Thaiis the only way we can imaginetheoveruse of water in students' bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce 00 全国 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. carry out 10 江西 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with hersister she would stay for an hour.A. whereB. whoC. whichD. what（ 05 山东） The country life he was used to greatly since 1992.A. changeB. has changedC. changingD. have changed 07 辽宁 You c ant imagine what difficulty we had home in the snowstorm.A. walkedB. walkC. to walkD. walking解析： B.此处应当用不定式.the only way to do sth表示“做的唯独途径”.作定语的不 定式被定语从句we can imagine 与被修饰词分开了.解答此类题应把定语从句去掉.C.先行词 the plan作 see 的宾语,此处的 see 后是复合结构, carryout 充当 the plan 的补足语,并与其构成被动, 故用 carriedout .解答此类题应把先行词仍原到定语从句中去.A.先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour作定语,与其先行词被介词短语隔开了,该从句不缺宾语或主语, 故先行词在从句中作的点状语, 故用 where.为了保持句子平稳,定语从句与先行词往往被介词短语、副词或谓语等分开,解答此类题,关键找准先行词. B.这里的 he was used to 是省略了关系代词的定语从句,change 充当主句的谓语动词,因与since连用的主句常用现在完成时,同时主语是life,故用 has changed .解答此类题应把定语从句去掉.D.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思结合题意和词义,我们可以肯定句中的we had 是定语从句,修饰其前的difficulty,很明显,此题考查固定句式 have difficulty indoing sth.解答此类题应把先行词仍原到定语从句中去看是否是固定句 式.2. 考查带有插入语的定语从句的关系词的选用.做此类题中时,把关系词后的插入语（如：I believe,Ithink,I expect等）去掉进行判定. 典型考题 （ 05 福建） Is that the small town you often refer to. Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.AthatB whichC whereD what解析： C.you know 是插入语,在解题时可以省略,可以看出the one 指 代 the smalltown 在定语从句中作的点状语,故用where四、考查定语从句的主谓一样关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词应与先行词保持一样. 典型考题 （ 10 全国） Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who evening dress.A. wearB. wearsC. has wornD. have worn 09 宁夏高考适应 She is one of the few girls who in the kindergartenA. is well paidB. are well paidC. is paying wellD. are payingwell解析： B.“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”中的先行词是the only one,并从句作主语,故从句谓语动词用单数形式,另外,从is可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯,因此要用一般现在时,故用wears . B.“one of+复数名词 +定语从句”中的先行词是复数名词,并从句作主语,故从句谓语动词用复数形式,依据句意,应用被动语态,故用are well paid.五、考查定语从句与其它从句的区分可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思1. 考查非限定性定语从句与并列句的区分.区分方法主要看前后句之间是否有and、but 等并列连词或分号等的存在,如有,就为并列句.假如只有逗号,且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明,就为非限定性定语从句. 典型考题 （ 09 全国 II ）My friend showed me round the town,was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it .04 重庆 Iintendedto compare noteswith a friend,but unfortunatelyconldn t spare me even one minuteA.theyB.oneC.whoD.it解析： A.由两句中用逗号且上句内容在后句中充当主语可知,后句是非限制性定语从句,关系代词用 which .A.由两句中间有but 可知,是并列句. 句中的 a friend指任意一个伴侣, 可懂得为a friend of mine ,而后半句意指“我的这些伴侣们”,为复数,应选they2. 考查主语从句与非限定性定语从语的区分.重点考察it,what和 as 的选用.常见的考查结构：（1）“Itbe done（如： said/suggested等） that+ 从句（ that+ 从句是主语从句,It是形式主语）”意为“据/ 人们（说 / 建议等）”.（ 2）“What be done （如：said/suggested等） is that+从句（ that+ 从句是表语从句,what 引导主语从句）”意为“所（说/ 建议等）的是”.（ 3）“As be do ne（如： said/suggested等） , 主句（ As 引导非限定性定语从句）”意为“正如所（说 / 建议等）的那样,”., 典型考题 08 福建 is known to us all is that the 2022 Olmpic Games will take place in Beijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which 08 上海 Ithas been provedeatingvegetablesin childhoodhelps to protectyou against serious illnesses in later life.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.that可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 04 北京 isreportedin the newspapers, talksbetween the two countriesare making pro