2022年高考英语语法精品教案专题动词和动词短语 .docx

精品_精品资料_对动词词义、动词短语的辨析以及动词搭配的考查始终是高考的热点.因此在一轮的复习中要留意对动词及短语的含义及引申义进行归纳总结.突出对其在详细的语境中意义挑选的把握.一、常考的十类动词及词组1. 连系动词特点：后面常接形容词或名词,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态.连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：1>变化类,表事物进展变化的过程,如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come等.2>感官类,表人体部位的感受,如feel,smell,taste,look , sound 等.3>状态类,表事物所处的状态,如keep,remain,stand,lie, stay, prove等.4>外表特点类,表外表给人的印象,如appear, seem, look等.2. 感官动词和使役动词常考的感官动词有 see, watch,notice,observe,hear,feel, find,catch等.感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_作补足语,表达不同的含义.常考的使役动词有 make, have, keep 等.使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义.如： He looked around and caught a manhis hand intothe pocket of a passenger.A put B to be putting Cto put D putting【解读】 Dcatchsb doing sth发“现、发觉某人做某事 ”,doingsth 为现在分词短语作宾语补足语.可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词仍有： feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave等.3. 不用被动语态的动词及动词短语英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义.1>某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特点, 不用被动.这类动词有： sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等.如：This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.这种布耐洗而且耐用.Thepen my fathergave me as a birthdaygiftwrites smoothly.父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅.Written in simple English, this article reads easily.由于这篇文章是用简洁的英语写的,所以读起来很简洁.2>某些及物动词转为不及物动词后,其主动形式表示被动意义.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_这类动词有： open 打开,营业 >,close 关门 >, shut 关闭>,cut 切割>,weigh 重>, act 上演>等.如： This shop opens much earlier than it used to. 这家商店比过去开门更早了.Each stone weighs two tons.每块石头重达两吨.3>某些不及物动词及词组,本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式.这类动词及词组有： happen, occur, cost ,come out 出版>, turn up 被找到 >, come into being 产生>, come to one's mind 想起>, come into use 开头使用 >, turn out 证明是 >,come about 发生>, break out 爆发 >, belong to 属于 >, come up 被提出 >, be worth 值得做>, be to blame 受批评 >等.如：ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeign language came out in the 18th century.第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于 18 世纪.Suddenly an idea came to his mind.他突然想到一个想法.Who is to blame for breaking the vase.打碎花瓶应由谁负责？The problem finally came up at the meeting.这个问题最终在会议上被提出来了.Even the best theory can turn out to be> wrong.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的.4>“主语系动词形容词不定式”句式中.当形容词说明主语具有某种特点,主语又充当不定式的规律宾语时,其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义.常用于这一结构的 形容词有： easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive等.如：The physics problem is easy to work out.这道物理题很简洁算出来.A guide is expensive to employ.雇用向导花钱许多.This kind of fish is not fit to eat.这种鱼不适合吃.4. 接动名词作宾语的动词或词组常见的有： avoid, can't help, can't stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, putoff,resist,risk,suggest,admit,appreciate,deny,forbid等.如：The bird was lucky to escape being caught.这只鸟幸运的逃离了被捕抓的命运.He is always practicing playing the piano after school.他常常放学后练习弹钢琴.5. 接不定式作宾语的动词常 见 的 有 ： afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,choose,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_decide,demand, determine,expect,hope, learn,long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse,want 等.如：He can't afford to buy such an expensive car.他买不起这么贵的车.Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees.汤姆胜利的砍倒数十棵数.6. 表示 “需要”意义的动词这类词既可直接接动名词,也可接不定式的被动语态,但两者 均可表示被动含义.它们是：need,want,require等.如： Your sickmotherneeds lookingafter. Yoursickmotherneedsto be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照料.7. 接虚拟语气的动词有些动词表示 “应当 或命令、建议、要求等 > ”时,其后的宾语从句用 should 加动词原形,其中 should 常可省略.它们是： order, suggest,insist,advise, demand, request,require,propose 等.如：Our teacher requires this be done in no time.我们老师要求这个立刻完成.8. 表示“方案未能实现 ”的动词此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式,或用过去式接不定式的完 成式表虚拟语气,表达原先的方案未能实现.它们是：intend,mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, suppose等.如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me.They hoped to have stayed there a week, but they couldn't because of another important meeting.9. 现在表将来类这类动词 词组 >常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来.它们是： come, go, leave, start,arrive,move, begin,fall,see, stay, take off等.如：Yourplanetakesoffataquarterpasttwointheafternoon.你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞.10. 带介词 to 的动词短语带介 词 to 的 动词 短 语有 ： be get> used to, lead to, devote tlook forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to 等.当它们后面显现动词时,要用 v.- ing 形式.Peter suggested that Tom go there at once.彼得建议汤姆立刻去那.二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语1. 以 break 为中心break away from脱离,逃离break down出故障,崩溃,粉碎,瓦解break in闯进,打断可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_break into闯入.强行进入break out爆发,发生break off打断,断绝,折断. 突然终止break through突破.克服break up破裂.解散,分解.终止2. 以 bring 为中心bring about导致,引起,促使bring back带回,使回忆,使复原bring down使下降,打垮,击落bring forward提出.提前bring in把带进来.引进.挣得 收入> bring on导致,引起,使进展bring out使显现.出版bring up抚养,哺育,培育3. 以 call 为中心call at拜访某的>.停靠在 call away叫走.把 留意力 >转移开call for需要,要求.接 某人>,迎call in召集,收集.下令收回 call off取消,下令停止call on要求,恭请.号召.拜望 某人>call out下令罢工.呼唤出动可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_call up打电话给 .召集.使想起4. 以 carry 为中心carry away冲走,带走.冲昏某人头脑carry back拿回,运回.使想起 carry off胜利的应付.获得 奖品>carry on坚持,连续,进行carry out贯彻,执行,实施carry through坚持究竟,进行究竟.履行 承诺>5. 以 come 为中心come about发生come across有时发觉.偶然遇到come back回来.复原,复原come off 头发、牙齿、纽扣 >脱落,离开come on上演.开头.赶快.进展come out出来.发芽.出版.结果是.说出come over拜访.突然感到come round/around清醒.拜望.再次发生come to an end终止,终止when it comes to就而论,谈到come to life清醒come to light明朗化,显现,显露出来come to oneself复原常态可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_come true实现,成为现实come up 走近.发生.发芽. 问题>被提出6. 以 cut 为中心cut away切去,砍掉cut down 砍倒,削减,缩短cut off 切断,中断.阻碍,阻挡cut out 切下,剪下,裁下.删去cut through开创出路等>cut up 切碎,切掉.使哀痛7. 以 fall 为中心fall back撤退,后退fall behind落后,落伍,落在后面fall down不够好fall in love with爱上fall into陷入.养成fall off衰退,削减fall over被绊倒8. 以 get 为中心get about徘徊,走动.流传get across使被懂得get along前进,进步.离去,相处get around走动.传播可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_get away离开,逃脱get back取回,回来.报复get down to认真对待,静下心来get out of由出来,从 得出.防止.舍弃get over越过.复原,痊愈.克服.完成get rid of除去,去掉.免除,摆脱get through拨通.到达.完成.通过.及格get up起床,起立.忙于,从事9. 以 give 为中心give away赠送.失去.泄露give back归仍.使复原 give in屈服,让步,投降give off发出烟、气味 >give out分发.公布.发出.用完,耗尽give up舍弃.停止10. 以 go 为中心go about开头做某事.忙于某事go across度过,越过go after追赶,追求,跟随go against反对,不利于go ahead前进,进展,连续go along with陪伴,和 一道走可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_go away离开,走掉go by经过,过去go for支持,赞成.适用于,去 取、拿> go off走开.爆炸go on连续,接下去go out出去.熄灭.送出.播出go over温习,检查go round拜望.参观go through审查,履行.通过.经受,忍耐go too far走得太远,做 / 说得太过火go up上升,上涨.攀登go without没有也行11. 以 hold 为中心hold back隐瞒.阻挡.克制 hold down压制.压低 hold on坚持.等一等,别挂断hold on to抓住不放.不卖hold out伸出.供应机会hold up举起,竖起.支持住.延误,使耽搁12. 以 keep 为中心keep away from>不接近,躲开,远离keep back阻挡,扣留,隐瞒可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_keep in mind记住keep off不接近,远离.防止吃 或喝、吸 >某物keep out使不入内.不卷入keep pace with跟上,同 步调一样keep to坚持.固守,遵守keep up连续. 天气>连续不变.保持,维护keep up with赶上,跟上,与 并肩前进13. 以 lay 为中心lay aside把放在一边.留存备用lay down放下.规定lay off 临时>解雇.停止lay out铺开,绽开14. 以 leave 为中心leave behind留下,遗忘携带. 超过.永久离开leave out省去,遗漏,不把 运算在内leave off停止.中断leave over留下,剩下leave alone不干涉,不打搅15. 以 look 为中心look about四下环顾.查看look after照料,看管look around东张西望可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_look back回忆,回头看 look back on/upon回忆look for查找.期望,期望look down on/upon俯视.轻视look forward to希望,期望look into窥视.调查.浏览look on/upon 把as看作look out向外看.留意.当心,提防look out for当心,查找,搜寻look through透过看去.看穿.浏览look up查阅.仰视look up to仰慕,敬重16. 以 pick 为中心pick off去除.挑选 目标>射击pick out细心挑出,辨别出pick up接某人>,搭载.捡起.学会.偶然>得到17. 以 pull 为中心pull apart拉开,分开pull away开动pull down拉下,拉倒.拆毁.使 价格 >下降.使败兴pull in车船>抵达pull off短暂停车.获得胜利可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_pull out驶出,离开pull through克服困难.复原pull up停止.斥责18. 以 put 为中心put aside把放在一边.搁置.积蓄,攒钱 put away把放好,把 整理.贮存 put back把放回原处put down放下.镇压.登记put an end to终止,终止,废止put forward提出.拨快.建议,举荐.提倡put in安装.添上.打断put off推迟,延期.排除.推脱,脱下put on上演.穿上.增加.开动put one's heart into全神贯注,用心致志put out熄灭,伸出,拿出put through完成. 电话用语 >拨通.使穿过put up举起,挂起.提名,举荐.支配住宿put up with忍耐,容忍19. 以 send 为中心send away解雇.赶走,把 送往远处send for派人去叫 请、拿>send off发出,寄出.邮购,函购可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_send out发出,散发send up发射.使上升.取笑20. 以 set 为中心set about doing>着手,开头 set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样set aside留出.放在一边.暂不考虑set back使推迟.使花费set down放下,卸下.登记,记载set free释放某人>set off动身.使爆炸.引起set out动身.发表.着手做某事set up建立,设立,开办.引发,产生21. 以 take 为中心take after仿效,与 相像take away拿走,减去.排除take back收回,取消take care of当心,留意.照料.提防.谨慎take charge of负责,主管take down取下.登记.拆毁take in留宿.欺诈.吸取.懂得take inatoccount/consideration考虑,重视take off脱去,除去.起飞,起程可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_take on出现.雇佣.承担,担任take one's place代替take out拿出,取出.去除take over接管,接任.占上风take part in参与,参与take place发生.举办take pride in以为荣,对 感到自豪22. 以 think为中心think about考虑think highly/well/much/a lot of对评判很高think little/ill/nothing of轻视,看不起think of a把s 看作 think out认真考虑,想通 think through想通.充分考虑think up想出.创造23. 以 throw为中心throw at把投向throw away丢弃,铺张.错失 机会> throw oneself into投身于,积极从事throw out逐出.拒绝.散发throw up呕吐.使惹眼.匆忙建造24. 以 turn为中心可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_turn away把打发走,转脸不理会 turn down调小.驳回,拒绝考虑turn off关上.拐弯.使厌烦turn on打开.依靠,取决于.突然攻击turn out出席.证明是.向外.显现turn over翻转.转动turn a>round旋转,转过身来turn in上交turn to转向,求助于turn upside down颠倒过来,翻过来1【误】 He is listening the teacher carefully.【正】 He is listening carefully.【正】 He is listening to the teacher carefully.【解读】学习实义动词,肯定要分清晰这个动词属于及物动词仍是不及物动词,然后再依据不同的使用规章使用不同的动词. 2 【误】 The mixture is tasted terrible.【正】 The mixture tastes terrible.【解读】连系动词后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表 语.除了少数几个 如 get, become, grow等>外,系动词不用于进行时态和被动结构.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3 Afterstudyingin a medicalcollegeforfiveyears,Jane her job as a doctor in the countryside.A set outB took overC took upDset up【误】 B【正】 C【解读】 对高频短语 takeup 的意思把握不全面,不知道该短语除了表示 “占用 ”之意外,仍可以表示 “开头从事 .”句意：简在医学院学了五年后,在乡村从事医生工作.setout “动身,开始”. takeover接“收, 接管 ”. takeup “拿起, 开头从事 ”. setup “设立, 直立”.依据题意选 C.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_12022全·国卷 Theworkers theglasses可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_and marked on each boxSide“UpThis” .A carried B delivered C pressed D packed【解读】 D考查动词词义辨析.句意为：工人们把眼镜打包,然后在每个箱子上贴上 “此端朝上 ”.pack 打包.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2 2022辽·宁卷 Thenew movie tobe one可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_of the biggest money-makers of all time.A promises B agrees C pretends D declines【解读】 A考查动词词义辨析. promise除了表示 “承诺, 答应 ”外,仍有 “有的期望 ”的意思. agree意为 “同意,赞同 ”.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_pretend意为“假装”.decline意为“削减,衰退 ”.只有 promise符合题意.句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一.3. Whattheyoung man can't isthathismumalways treats him like a baby.A. support B undertake C hold D bear【解读】 D 考查动词辨析. A 意为“支持”. B 意为“承担,担任,着手做 ”. C 意为 “握住,容纳 ”. D 意为 “容忍,忍耐 ”.句意为：这个年轻人无法忍耐的是他的母亲总是把他当个小孩来对待.依据题意可知应选 D.4. We wanttorenta bus whichcan40peoplefor our trip to Beijing.A. loadB hold C fill D support【解读】 B依据句意,此处需用表示 “容纳,包含 ”的动词, 只有 B 项符合.5. The film Avatar will be on tonight but it's at 1： 30 am. I don't want tothat late.A. stay up B show off Cput up D get off【解读】 A考查动词短语辨析. stay up 熬夜. show off炫耀,卖弄. putup 举起,建起,张贴. getoff下车,动身,脱掉.依据题干意思选 A .6. How areyou managing todoyourbusinesswithouta可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_secretary.Well, Isomehow.A. get along B care about C watch out Dset off【解读】 A考查动词短语辨析. get along 将就>生活,工作下去. care about关注. watch out当心. set off动身.7. I'vemy umbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch it.A. forgot B leftC remained D lost【解读】 B依据句意,此处需用表示 “遗漏,遗弃 ”的动词,B 项符合题意.8. Don'tletyourselfbeinto doinganythingyoudon't want to do.A. told B made C talked D asked【答案】 C9. Thedesignsofthefewtoolsshouldbe carefully, so that we can pick out the one that best suits our job.A. triedB examinedC experimentedD experienced【答案】 B10. He can't be at home now, for I saw himin the gym just now.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. giving outBworking outC carrying outD bringing out【解读】 B 此题考查短语辨析. give out 用完,分发. work out 解决,锤炼. carry out 实现,执行. bring out 出版,生产.句意为：他现在不行能在家,刚才我仍看到他在健身房锤炼.故 B 项正确.11. SoHelen,arewegoingforthatChinesemealyou promised me.Well ,I kind of forgot to, so we'll have todo French.A. consult B orderC reserve D confirm【解读】 C由答语的 “ sowe'llhave todo French可”以看出,这次吃不上上次承诺给对方的中国饭菜了,只有 “我”忘了预定reserve> 可以讲得通. consult 商讨,向 请教. order 点餐 菜或饮料>.confirm 证明.确定.12 One primary goal of UNESCO is to modern knowledge societies in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.A make upBpolish upC build up【解读】 CD take up考查动词短语辨析. buildup 建立. takeup 从事. polishup 改善,润色. make up 补偿,虚构,整理,和解,化可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_妆.句意为：建立现代化的学问社会,让全部的人都能参与信息与学问,是联合国教科文组织的一个主要目标.13. It'sextremelydangerousforthedriversto speed as the traffic lights are changing.A. pull up B put up C rise up D pick up【解读】 D考查动词短语辨析.句意为：对于司机来说在红 绿灯变换时,加速是特别危急的. pull up 停下来. putup 建造,举起,供应 住宿. riseup 起义,上升,为不及物动词词组.pick up “加速”,符合题意.14. His guilty expressionmy suspicion.A. consideredBcommittedC confirmedD convinced【解读】 Cconfirm证明,确认.句意为：他内疚的表情证明了我的猜疑. consider认为.考虑. commit犯罪.做 承诺. convince 说服,使信服.15. Wecomplainedtothetravelagencyaboutthehorrible service during our trip, but no one hasby now.A. respondedBadvocatedC recoveredD survived【解读】 Arespond答复,回应. advocate主见.拥护.recover复原,找回. survive 幸存,生仍.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 2022山·东 淄博模拟>Theheadmasterwillaspeech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.A deliverBaddressC announceD declare解读：句意为：今日下午校长将要对来访的外宾发表讲话.deliver发表, delivera speech 发表演讲. addresssb. 对某人讲话,对某人发表演说. announce宣布,通告. declare宣告,声明.答案：A2 2022 东·北三校模拟>IthinkIshouldweara dress