高中英语高考英语名词考点与题型全归纳带答案第k7924期.docx

高中英语高考英语名词考点与题型全归纳带答案单项选择题（精选试题一名师出品）1、No, no injuries.A. deadB. deathC. deathsD. dying答案：C解析：考查名词。句意：没有人员伤亡。A. dead死的；B.death死亡；C.deaths死亡（复数）；D.dying临死的。分 析句子可知，"no为形容词，意为（一个也）没有，后接名词，death意为死亡，为可数名词，根据句中 “injuries可知，空格处应用"death的复数形式"deaths”。应选C项。2、 Study shows that there is strong between physical punishment and the IQ.A. connectionB. conditionC. organizationD. cooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究说明体罚和智商之间有很强的关联。A. connection关联，关系；B. condition 条件,状况；C. organization组织;D. cooperation合作。结合句意可知,此处指研究说明两者之间有“关联。应选A项。3、 His natural and wisdom made him very popular among the colleagues.A. charityB. chainC. charmD. chart答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他天生的魅力和智慧使他在同事中很受欢迎。A.charity慈善机构；B.chain链条；C. charm魅力；D. chart图表。根据 wisdom可知，他天生的魅力和智慧使他在同事中很受欢迎。应选C项。4、 Malala Yousafzai, a（n）of women's rights, became a victim of terrorist attack.A. inventorB. competitorC. advocateD. composerA. gainB. awardC. opportunityD. impact答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正在讨论吸烟对我们肺部的影响。A. gain好处，利益；B. award奖品，奖金; C opportunity机会;D. impact影响。根据句意,空处需填名词impact,表示“影响。应选D项。31、 The to success is to make good use of the chance to education.A. accessB. fountainC. potentialD. document答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功的途径是充分利用受教育的机会。A. access通路、入径；B.fountain喷泉；C.potential潜力;D.document文件。the access to.（的途径）符合句意。应选A项。32、With only five minutes left from the end, the of the close match was still in doubt.A. cooperations. opponentC. outcomeD. outline答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：距离比赛结束只有5分钟了，这场势均力敌的比赛结果仍不明朗。A. cooperation 合作；B. opponent对手；C. outcome结果；outline轮廓；大纲。根据语境可知，比赛快结束了，但是因为两 队势均力敌，所以不明确的是比赛的结果。应选C。33、 If we want to achieve success or get over the difficulties on the way, we shouldn't focus too much on the side of our life .A. positiveB. advantageC. negativeD. disadvantage答案：C解析：10 考查形容词/名词辨析。句意：如果我们想取得成功或克服路上的困难，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一 面。A. positive积极的;B.advantage优势（名词）；C.negative消极的；D.disadvantage劣势。根据空前的“we shouldn't focus too much on”可知，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一面。应选C。34 He is under great because of his new job.A. stressB. strengthC. streamD. push答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为新工作，他现在的压力很大。A.stress压力；B. strength力量；C.stream小河; D.push推。under great stress表示：压力很大。由此可知A符合语境，应选A。35、 It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A. detailB. magnitudeC. honourD. marathon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B.magnitude震级；C.honour荣誉；D.marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选B。36、Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.A. frightenedB. lovelyC. pressureD. unfamiliar答案：c解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的；B. lovely可 爱的；C.pressure压力；D.unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词the,以及作定语的形容词great可 知，应填入名词pressure（压力）作宾语，且under.pressure是常用词组，表示“承受压力。应选C项。37、 Van Gogh was famous for his Sunflower, which was painted in three of yellow.11A. portsB. shoresC. shadesD. stairs答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：梵高以他的向日葵而闻名，这幅画用了三种深浅不同的黄色。A.ports港口；shores海岸；C.shades深浅，阴影；D.stairs台阶。根据上文“which was painted in three指用三种深浅不同 的黄色颜料作画，应用shade。应选C。38、The lecture Jack Ma made in the 2018 Shanghai Forum of Zhejiang Merchants left us with a wonderfulhe gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.A. associationB. functionC. satisfactionD. impression答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马云在2018年上海浙商论坛上的演讲给我们留下了很好的印象，他对未来的商业 会是什么样子做了很好的描述。A. association联系;B. function功能；C. satisfaction满足;D. impression印象。根据后文“he gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.（他对未来的商业会是什么样子做了很好的描述。）可知，因为对未来商业有很好的描述，所以此处表示给我们留下了好的印象。应选D。to gathering information.39、We will explore a differentA. adventureB. approachC. advanceD. addition答案：B 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们将探索一种不同的方法来收集信息。A.adventure探险；冒险；B.approach方 法；C.advance进步;D.addition附加物;补充物。短语：approach to sth.zz的方法，此处指收集信息的一 种不同的方法，应选B。40、Be as careful of the books you read, as of the you keep, for your habits and character will be as muchinfluenced by the as by the latter.12A. resentment.formalB. company . .formerhatred.formalD. virtue.former答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者 （书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的；B pany同伴，former前者（的）；C.hatred 憎恨,formal 正式的；D. virtue 美德,former 前者（的）。根据"Be as careful of the booksyou read可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选同伴；根据the latter可知，第二空将前者和后者进行 比照，所以选前者，应选B。41、Her own experience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults.（找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释）A. fortuneB. hardshipsC. prideD. kindness答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺一一小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称 呼她。A. fortune运气；B.hardships逆境,艰难；C.pride自豪；D.kindness善行。根据后文“she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults可知,她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的，所以划线词所 指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。42、 The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match, so I put it away somewhere out of my.A. sceneB. sceneryC. controlD. sight答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球总是让我想起那场比赛中的错误，所以我刻意不去看它。A.scene现场；B.scenery 风景；C.control 控制；D. sight 视力。 根据“The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match”13可知，一看到足球就让我想起比赛中的失误，所以我刻意不去看它。out of sight 看不见，在视野之外。故 选Do43、A poor economy has caused the of thousands of small businesses.A. complexityB. collapseC. convenienceD. correction答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:经济不景气导致成千上万的小企业倒闭。A. complexity复杂性；B.collapse倒闭；C. convenience方便；D. correction改正。根据上文“A poor economy has caused指经济不景气导致小企业倒闭, 应用collapseo应选Bo44、 One difficult task faced by both developed and developing countries is to guarantee the of naturalresources at the lowest possible environmental cost.A. inspectionB. exploitationC. contradictionD. exception答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴旺国家和开展中国家面临的一项艰巨任务是保证以尽可能低的环境代价开发自 然资源。A. inspection 检查；B. exploitation 利用，开发；C. contradiction 矛盾;D. exception 例外。根据语境和后文“of natural resources at the lowest possible environmental cost”可知，此处指自然资源的开发。应选 B 项。45、They put an in a newspaper looking for rock musicians.A. mapB. advertiseC. informationD. advertisement答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在报纸上登广告寻找摇滚音乐家。A. map地图；B. advertise登广告；C. information信息；D. advertisement广告。由空后“looking for rock musicians”可知，此处表示登广告寻找摇滚音 乐家，不定冠词an后需接名词advertisement。应选D。1446、 Primary school teachers use a lot of aids in their class activities to make their teaching easier.A. medicalB. visualC. firstD. band答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical 医疗的；B. visual视觉的；C. first第一的；D.band乐队。根据Primary school teachers 可知，小学老师需要使 用视觉教具。应选B。47> You shouldn/t have been so rude to your friend. I think you owe him a(n).A. apologyB. favourC. debtD. attempt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你不应该对你的朋友那么粗鲁。我觉得你应该向他抱歉。A. apology抱歉；B.favour偏爱；C. debt债务；D. attempt试图。根据"so rude to your friend”可知,此处应该是因为对朋友的不礼 貌而向他抱歉。应选A项。48、 Because of the tight and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunchbreak to finish homework.A. scheduleB. investigationC. performanceD. impression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A. schedule 口程安排;B. investigation 调查;C. performance 表现;D. impression 印象。根据"heavy workload of Grade 12可知，高三年级日程安排紧张。应选A项。49> The of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist.A. decorationB. constructionC. competitionD. combination15答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：辣、咸、甜、酸的混合口味使宫保鸡丁难以抗拒。A.decoration装饰；B.construction建造； C petition竞争；D bination结合。设空处在句中作主语，结合句意和空后的"of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours”可知，此处是指几种口味的结合。应选D。50、 I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl and she has changed beyond.A. generations. recognitionC. investigationD. graduation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我从萨拉小时候就没见过她了，她已经变得认不出来了。A.generation 一代（人）； B.recognition 认出， 识另U； C.investigation 调查；D.graduation 毕业。 根据"I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl可知，此处是指她已经变了许多，让人认不出来了。应选B。51、We should respect the people's religious.A. blossomB. beliefC. poetD. award答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该尊重人民的宗教信仰。A. blossom花朵;B. belief信仰；C.poet诗人；D.award奖励。由religious可知，此处指“宗教信仰。应选B项。52、The fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased of andsupport for teaching among the public and nation.A. realizationB. professionC. recognitionD. acquisition答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人愿意接受公共教育，这意味着公众和国家对教育的认可和支持。16A.realization 实现；B.profession 专业；C.recognition 成认，认可；D.acquisition知识、技能等的）获得。根据 “are willing to”可知,人们愿意说明大家认可。应选C。53、 The company presented him with a gold watch in of his 20 years of good service.A. achievementB. appreciationC. attentionD. agreement答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他20年来的良好服务。Achievement成就；B.appreciation感激;C.attention注意;D.agreement同意。根据句意，他为公司服务20年，给他一块表以示 感谢。应选B。54、 I am afraid I can not help you as it is beyond my.A. forceB. strengthC. energyD. power答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：恐怕我帮不了你的忙，这事我无能为力。A. force武力；B.strength力量；C. energy 能量；D. power 能力。根据上文“I am afraid I can not help you as it is beyond my可知为短语 beyond one's power表示“力所不及。应选Do55、At present, the plays an important role in the city's transportation system.A. hikeB. fitnessC. subwayD. stress答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:目前，地铁在城市交通系统中扮演着重要的角色。A. hike徒步旅行；B. fitness健 康；C. subway地铁；D.stress压力。根据常识可知，地铁属于城市交通系统的一局部。应选C。56、 The of a passage gives readers very important information about the main idea of it.17A. titleB. homeworkC. houseworkD. panic答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一篇文章的标题可以给读者提供有关文章主旨的重要信息。A. title标题；B.homework家庭作业;C.housework家务;D. panic惊恐。根据"the main idea ”可知，此处表示文章的标题。应选Ao57、Jerry has been preparing carefully for the coming English test so that he can be sure of passing it at his firstA. rescueB. attemptC. purposeD. request答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：杰瑞一直在认真地为即将到来的英语考试做准备，以便他有把握第一次就通过。A:rescue 营救;B:attempt尝试;C:purpose目的;D:request要求.固定句式at one's first attempt在某人第一次尝试时,结合 句意,应选B。58、 Jenny said that she had never thought in her life that she would ever sing .But now, singing in the choir provides from what she calls the gray days".A. realityB. reliefC. missionD. fault答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意；珍妮说她这辈子从没想过自己会唱歌，但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的 “灰暗日子。A.reality现实；B.relief减轻，解除;C.mission任务;D.fault错误。根据句意以及But now可知, 但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的灰暗日子。应选B项。59、 Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of.18A. brotherhoodB. brotherC. brothersD. brotherly答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：一起作战的士兵通常有强烈的兄弟情谊。A. brotherhood兄弟情谊；B.brother兄弟；C.brothers 兄弟（复数）；D. brotherly 兄弟的。根据上文“Soldiers who are fighting together（一起作战的士兵）可知, 一起作战的士兵会有强烈的兄弟情谊，所以此处指兄弟情谊，应用名词brotherhood,应选A。60、While most of us are only too ready to others the cold wind of, we are somehow reluctantto give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.A. respond to.conflicts, apply to .criticismC. react to.threatD. reply to.superiority答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上，但不知何故 却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A. respond to M作出回应，conflict冲突,矛盾；B. apply to 把应用到，把施加到，criticism批评；C.reactto对作出反映，threat威胁；D.reply to对作 出回复，superiority优越，优势。根据while可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of和第二句话中的"give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相反。和 praise 相反的是“批评（criticism）”。所以应该选B。apply sth. to sb.意为“将应用到,将施加到。该处指apply the cold wind of criticismto others（将批评的冷风施加到别人身上，即：批评别人）。应选B。61、 The official is preparing documents for a four-nation regional meeting on elephant.A. constitutionB. affectionC. conservationD. production答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员正在为一个关于大象保护的四国区域会议准备文件。A. constitution构成,19答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：女权倡导者Malala Yousafzai成为恐怖袭击的受害者。A. inventor创造者；B.competitor 竞争者；C. advocate 拥护者，倡导者；D. composer 创作者。根据"became a victim of terrorist attack.可知,Malala Yousafzai是女权的倡导者。应选C。5、 Visitors are not permitted anything without.A. touching; permitB. to touch; permitionC. to touch; permissionD. touching; allowance答案：C解析：考查固定短语和名词。句意：访客未经允许不得触摸任何东西。第一空，表示被允许做某事可知，短语为be permitted to do sth.；第二空表示“未经允许,应用名词permission,作介词的宾语。应选C。6、The signing of this agreement will ease the international, which might bring an end to conflicts between countries.A. tensionB. regulationC. processD. affection答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项协议的签署将缓解国际紧张局势，这可能会结束国家之间的冲突。A. tension 紧张;B. regulation 规那么;C. process 过程;D. affection 喜欢。根据下文“which might bring an end to conflicts between countries可知，此处表示将会使国际的紧张局势结束。应选A。7、 Adam wants to keep writing novels but he has too much homework. He has difficulty finding a betweenhis hobbies and his study.A. balanceB. possibilityC. relationshipD. suggestion答案：A 组成；B.affection喜爱；C. conservation保护;D.production生产。这里指关于大象保护的文件。应选C。62、 He made a quick to the new surroundings. In other words, he was more.A. adoption, adaptiveB. adaptation, adaptiveC. adapt, adaptableD. adaptation, adaptable答案：D解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快就适应了新环境。换句话说，他的适应能力更强。A. adoption, adaptive采用；适应的,常用在专业术语当中；B.adaptation, adaptive适应；适应的；C.adapt, adaptable动词, 适应；能适应的,适应性强的,指在生活中表示适应能力强；D. adaptation, adaptable适应；能适应的,适应 性强的。第一空根据后文“to the new surroundings可知指适应新环境，应用make a quick adaptation；第二空 表示在新环境中“适应能力强应用形容词adaptableo应选D。63、 You didn't do anything wrongyou should have a clear.A. costumeB. corporationC. contestD. conscience答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。A.costume戏装；B. corporation公司；C.contest竞赛；D.conscience良心；内疚。根据"You didn't do anything wrong 可知，你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。应选D项。64、The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream （主流）over the next.A. entranceB. decadeC. committeeD. feedback答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口； B. decade十年;C mittee委员会；D. feedback反应。根据句意以及前文over the next可知,此处指“在未来十年”。应选B 20项。65、 In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundingsC. lay; surroundingD. did lie; surroundings答案：B解析：考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie”位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除C、D项，主语是two towns,是复数，故谓语动词用复数，surrounding周围的"，是形容 词,surroundings"环境"是名词,形容词beautiful修饰名词surroundings作介词宾语,应选B。66、Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high-yielding rice, making outstanding contributions to China's food.A. lackB. cuisineC. securityD. purchase答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食平安做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏;B. cuisine风味；A security平安;D.purchase采购。由语意可知,袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、 平安的水稻。应选C项。67、 People in this country who have no job can get money from, but it isn't much to live on.A. welfareB. priceC. prizeD. salary答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个国家里，失业者可以从社会福利中得到钱，但靠这点钱生活并不算多。A.welfare （政府给予的）福利；B.price价格；C.prize奖赏；D.salary工资。根据前文".who have no job可知，21因为是没有工作的人，由此可知，此处需用名词welfare,表示从社会福利中得到钱。应选A。68> We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the children on her own.A. confidences. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A. confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负；C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。 根据后文“for she had to bring up the children on her own （因为她必须单独抚养孩子）可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选D。69、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the it can bring to the development ofchildren's brains.A. systemsB. prioritiesC. barriersD. benefits答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A. systems体系，系 统；B. priorities 优先事项；C.