2022届上海市松江区高考二模英语试题 附解析.docx

英语练习卷（总分值140分，完卷时间120分钟） 考生注意：1 .本考试设试卷和答题纸两局部，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题） 或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。2 .答题前，务必在答题纸上填写座位号和姓名。3 .答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。L Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. At a booking office.B. At a theatre.C. At a railway station.D. At a restaurant.【答案】D【解析】原文】 W: George, look at the long waiting line. I am glad you've booked a table.M: I guess it is because the dishes here are cheap and delicious.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. Boring.B. Annoying.C. Inspiring.D. Interesting.【答案】A【解析】原文】 M: I have never seen such an interesting show. I hope you enjoyed it as much as I did.smaller snowflakes,空中是主语，可以用动名词或者不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数，那么空处填写非谓语 动名词形式 combining 或者 to combineo 故填 combing或者to combine。【24题详解】考查情态动词。句意：张艺谋表示，将小雪花结合起来，象征着人类携手构建人类命运共同体，只有这 样，人类才能/会战胜疫情。分析句子结构，and引导的并列句中，only置于句首修饰方式状语through such efforts,那么句子用局部倒装，即提前助动词或情态动词。由句意可知，空处可填写can或will或may 或could或would或might来补全句意。故答案填写can或will或may或could或would或mighto【25题详解】考查状语从句。句意：2008年的颁奖典礼亮点在于展示中国传统文化的大型表演，而今年的颁奖典礼那么以 普通人的自然表演为中心，因为张艺谋想要尝试用不同的方式展现中国风格。分析句意，空处及之后从逻 辑上是在解释上句的原因，构成因果关系，所以应该填写引导原因状语从句的连词because或since或as或 foro 故答案填写because或since或as或for。【26题详解】考查介词。句意：来自不同国家的76名选手肩并肩走过表演区，向全世界人民致意。分析句子结构，主 语为 76 participants different countriesn ,其中，“76 participants ” 与 “different countries” 之间的逻辑关系是：76名选手来自于不同国家。介词from表示“来自于"。故填from。【27题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一特定区域的背景是往届奥运会比赛和全球抗击新冠疫情的图片。分析句子结 构，谓语动词为was set against,空处需填写非谓语动词作定语，images和feature之间为主谓关系，那么需 填写现在分词。故填featuring。【28题详解】考查定语从句。句意：最让观众感到印象深刻的这一局部是为了展示平凡而多元的个体也能表达出“共同 创造美好未来”的奥运口号。分析句子可知，空处为修饰this part的定语从句，先行词this part指代物，在 定语从句中作主语，可以填写that或者which在句子中作主语。故答案填写that或which。【29题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：此外，这个只在奥运火炬中放置一个火炬的创意方式突出了中国在低碳和环境保 护方面的努力。分析句子结构，主语为the creative approach,谓语为highlighted,由句意可知，“only a single torch was placed inside the cauldronn 为从句，且从句是对于 the creative approach 的解释说明， 从句不缺成分，语义完整，说明是同位语从句。引导同位语从句的引导词中，that不承当句子成份，没有 含义，符合题意。故填that。【30题详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，碳排放总量仅为2008年夏季奥运会的5000分之一。分析句子，时间 状语so far标志现在完成时的时态，主语the total amount of carbon表单数，且与find之间为动宾关系，所 以谓语动词要用第三人称的现在完成被动。故填has been foundoSection BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. speciesB. informedC. awarenessD. indicateE. additionalF. figuresG. advancedH. stickingI. stateJ. relianceK. basedSensors for HouseplantsOver the past two years Jasmin Moeller, a 38-year-old in Germany, has been buying more houseplants, making her feel more comfortable.Actually, the fact that people have spent much more time 31 at home has started a trend to bring more nature inside. In the UK, the latest 32 show that 2021 houseplant sales were 29% higher than in 2020. It is a similar picture in other countries, with sales of houseplants in the US rising by 18% last year, for instance.Yet it is one thing to buy a houseplant and quite another to successfully look after it. Luckily, some 33 sensors for indoor plants may help those without professional skills in gardening. These devices, usually solar powered and connected wirelessly to a user's smartphone, should be inserted into the soil next to the plants. Then, they show in real time the 34 of the plants.A sensor made by German firm Greensens has approximately 5000 plant 35 on its app database. Like a traffic light system, the app uses red, yellow and green faces to 36 how plants are doing. For example, red reveals that the plant is dying, while green means it's in perfect condition. Besides, users are regularly 37 of what they should do with plants.Another app released by German business Fyta tells users how their plants are by analyzing the uploaded pictures of the plants. It also includes 38 content other apps rarely offer, such as cultural history of some plants, so users can learn more about their plants.However, Botanist Silver Spence is worried that 39 on these sensors may affect users' gardening skills negatively. And David Anglov recommends that amateurs try their best to establish their own 40 of what a plant needs in various situations through careful observation.Back in Germany, Ms Moeller says she is sure that the sensors are helping her improve gardening skills.【答案】31. H 32. F33. G34.135. A36. D37. B38. E39. J 40. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在英国，最新数据显示，2021年室内植物销售额比2020年高 出29%。其他国家也有类似的情况，例如，去年美国室内植物的销量增长了 18%。幸运的是，一些室内 植物的先进传感器可以帮助那些没有专业园艺技能的人。这些设备通常由太阳能供电，并与用户的智能手 机无线连接，应该插入植物旁边的土壤中。然后，它们会实时显示植物的状态。31题详解】考查动词。句意：事实上，人们待在家里的时间越来越多，这已经开始形成一种趋势，把更多的大自然带 进室内。结合后文“at home”以及句意表示“待在家”应用stick at home,上文为短语spend time doing sth.o 故填 sticking。应选 H。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：在英国，最新数据显示，2021年室内植物销售额比2020年高出29%。根据后文"show that 2021 houseplant sales were 29% higher than in 2020” 以及句意“数据”可知应填复数名词 figureso 故填 figures o 应选 F。【33题详解】考查形容词。句意：幸运的是，一些室内植物的先进传感器可以帮助那些没有专业园艺技能的人。根据后 文 usensors for indoor plants may help those without professional skills in gardening” 以及句意“先进的”可知 应填形容词advanced,作定语。故填advanced。应选G。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：然后，它们会实时显示植物的状态。根据后文“of the plants”以及句意“状态”可知应 填名词state,故填state。应选I。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：德国Greensens公司制造的传感器的应用程序数据库中有大约5000种植物。根据上文uapproximately 5000 plantv以及句意可知应填名词species,作宾语。故填species。应选A。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：就像交通灯系统一样，该应用程序使用红色、黄色和绿色的面孔来显示植物的状况。例 如，红色说明植物正在死亡，而绿色意味着它处于完美状态。根据后文"how plants are doing"以及句意“显示”可知应填动词indicate,此处为不定式。故填indicate。应选D。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：止匕外，用户还经常被告知他们应该如何处理植物。根据后文“ofwhat they should do with plants"以及句意“告知”可知应填动词inform,此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故填informed。应选B。38题详解】考查形容词。句意：它还包括其他应用程序很少提供的额外内容，比方一些植物的文化历史，这样用户就 可以更多地了解他们的植物。根据后文“content other apps rarely offer”以及句意“额外”可知应填形容词 additional,作定语。故填 additional。应选 E。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，植物学家Silver Spence担忧，依赖这些传感器可能会对用户的园艺技能产生负面 影响。根据后文 “on these sensors may affect users'gardening skills negatively” 以及句意“依赖”可知应填 名词reliance,作主语。故填reliance。应选J。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：大卫安格洛夫建议业余爱好者通过仔细观察，尽最大努力建立自己的意识，了解植物 在各种情况下需要什么。根据后文"ofwhataplant needs"以及句意“意识”可知应填名词，作宾语，不 可数。故填awareness。应选C。III. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare, a foot-long sea snail. But a research team claim to have made progress in41the simplest kind of memory a mollusk （软体动物）mightform, and, with a swift injection, managed to42one sea snail's memory to another.The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the 43 between brain cells, but in RNA molecules （分子），according to David Glanzman, a biologist at UCLA. To 44 the idea, Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks. The procedure made the animals so 45 that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely. Glanzman compares the reaction to being nervous after an earthquake: the memory of the event causes a（n） 46 response to any loud noise. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman took RNA out from them and 47 it into new sea snails to see what would happen. He then found the new ones are 48 sensitized, suggesting the “memory“ of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. According to Glanzman and his researchteam, the experiment shows that 49 parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells.However, the work has not yet found widespread 50."Further work needs to be carried out todetermine whether these phenomena are obvious and what is the 51of such phenomena,said Prof Vannat Cardiff University. "While a sea snail is a fantastic model, we must be very 52 in drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex.Tomas Ryan at Trinity College Dublin, is 53,“This work takes us down an interesting road, but Ihave doubt about it and I don't think they've transplanted a memory,“ he said. "This work tells me that maybe themost basic behavioral responses involve somekind of change in the animal.54, Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need: "In a field full of acceptancebut lacking55, we need as many new ideas as possible/941. A. deletingB. disturbingC. refreshingD.understanding42. A. transferB. adjustC. compareD.relate43. A. connectionsB. conflictsC. secretsD.distances44. A. promoteB. testC. eliminateD.impose45. A. sensitiveB. adaptableC. strongD.relaxed46. A. necessaryB. peacefulC. unconsciousD.impossible47. A. plungedB. investedC. translatedD.injected48. A. crazilyB. dangerouslyC. scarcelyD.equally49. A. optionalB. essentialC. memorialD.virtual50. A. associationB. recognitionC. innovationD.publication51. A. depthB. applicationC. basisD.description52. A. imaginativeB. carefulC. ambitiousD.speedy53. A. supportedB. persuadedC. unappreciatedD.unconvinced54. A. NeverthelessB. EventuallyC. For exampleD.As a result55. A. expressionB. likelihoodC. suspicionD.disturbance【答案】41. D 42. A43. A 44. B45. A 46. C 47. D48. D49. B 50. B 51.C 52. B 53. D54. A 55. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记 忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进 展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。Adeleting删除；B. disturbing 打搅；C. refreshing 使恢复精神；D. understanding 理解。由上文的 “Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare 可知，句子表示“一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简 单的记忆方面取得了进展”，应选D。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进 展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. transfer转移；B.adjust调 整；C. compare比拟；D. relate使有联系。由“one sea snaifs memory to anothern可知，是将一只海螺的记 忆转移到另一只海螺身上，应选A。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据加州大学洛杉矶分校的生物学家大卫格兰兹曼的说法，在蜗牛中启动防御 反响的那种记忆不是编码在脑细胞之间的连接中，而是编码在RNA分子中。A. connections连接；B.conflicts 矛盾;C. secrets 秘密;D. distances 距离。由 “between brain cells” 和第 9 空后的 “parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells” 可知，此处是指脑细胞之间的连 接，应选A。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系 列电击。A. promote促进；B. test测试；C.eliminate消除；D. impose实施。由后文的“Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks ” 可知, 为了 验证 这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击，应选B。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个过程使这些动物非常敏感，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体的 某些部位。A. sensitive敏感的；B. adaptable能适应的；C.strong强大的；D. relaxed放松的。由后文的“when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely v 可知,当它们被触摸时,它们会强 烈地收缩身体的某些部位，说明它们很敏感，应选A。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼将这种反响比作地震后的紧张：对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪 音的无意识反响。A. necessary需要的；B. peaceful和平的；C. unconscious无意识的；D. impossible不可能 的。由上文的 u the memory of the event causes和下文的 response to any loud noise v 可知，对事件的记忆 会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反响，应选C。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在对海螺进行敏感处理后，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA,并将其注射到新的 海螺中,看看会发生什么。A. plunged猛推;B. invested投资；C. translated翻译；D. injected注射。由上文 的 uGlanzman took RNA out from them” 和下文的 “it into new sea snails to see what would happen” 可知， Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA,并将其注射到新的海螺中，应选D。【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他发现新的海螺同样敏感，这说明电击的“记忆”被移植了。A. crazily疯 狂地；B. dangerously 危险地；C. scarcely 几乎不；D. equally 平等地。由下文的 “the "memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplantedn 和上文的 “The procedure made the animals so_5 that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely n 可知，他发现新的海螺同样敏感，应选 D。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼和他的研究团队表示，该实验说明，记忆痕迹的关键局部保存在 RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中。A. optional可选择的；B. essential必要的；C. memorial纪念的；D. virtual 虚拟的。由后文的 u parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells"可知，该实验说明，记忆痕迹的关键局部保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中，应选B。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可。A. association协会；B. recognition认可；C. innovation 创新；D. publication 出版。由后文的 “Further work needs to be carried out” 可知，这项工作尚 未得到广泛认可，应选B。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要进行进一步的研究，以确定这些现象是否明显，以及这些现象的基础是什 么。A. depth 深度；B. application 应用；C. basis 基础；D. description 描述。由后文的 “of such phenomena可知，此处表示“这些现象的基础是什么"，应选C。【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然海蜗牛是一个神奇的模型，但我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过 程进行比拟，因为人类的记忆过程要复杂得多。A. imaginative富有想象力的；B.careful仔细的；C.ambitious 雄心勃勃的；D. speedy 快速的。由后文的 udrawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex”可知，我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比拟，应选B。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：都柏林三一学院的托马斯瑞恩对此表示怀疑。A. supported被支持的；B. persuaded 被说服的；C. unappreciated 未被欣赏的；D. unconvinced 怀疑的。由下文的"I have doubt about it”可知，此处表示他对此是怀疑的，应选D。【54题详解】考查副词词义和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，瑞安补充说，这种关于记忆的创造性思维是非常需要的。A.Nevertheless 然而；B. Eventually 最后；C. For example 例如；D. As a result 结果。由下文的 “Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need和上文的 uI have doubt about it可知， 前后是转 折关系，空格处是“然而”，应选A。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域，我们需要尽可能多的新想法。A. expression 表情;B. likelihood 可能性；C. suspicion 怀疑；D. disturbance 干扰。由上文的 “a field full of acceptance"可知，此处表示“一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域”，应选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Hurlen-Patano unzipped her jacket, pulled out her phone, and made a call, "Bring help!”That morning, Ken Scott bumped into his friend Rebecca Hurlen-Patano in Silver Mountain Resort. They noticed that the 6200-foot Wardner Peak, home to the challenging expert-level route, was now open. It had been closed all season over concerns about an avalanche, sudden fall of a mass of snow.“Let's go for it!” Hurlen-Patano proposed.Almost immediately they took off from that peak, the snow beneath gave way. In a millisecond, "Avalanche!” she yelled to Scott.Hurlen-Patano had ended up partially buried and managed to pull herself out. She looked uphill to where she'd last seen Scott and shouted his name. No response. Then she made the call.Word spread quickly, and soon professional rescuers and skiers were heading to the avalanche site with tools. Like a commander, Hurlen-Patano stayed calm and pointed out possible places. Rescuers formed a line along the slope, and positioned their ten-foot poles down into the deep snow, hoping to hit and locate the buried skier.Under the weight of the snow, Scott was totally immobile, and he couldn't expand his chest enough to take a full breath. He knew death was just a matter of time, but this