2021-2022学年河南省信阳市高一(下)期中英语试卷(附答案详解).docx
202L2022学年河南省信阳市高一(下)期中英语试卷一'阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)AHealth is wealth,which is why many focus on Health and Well-being series events from New Scientist events.Specially recommended talk:Brain Power: Everything you need to know for a healthy,happy brain*Time: 3rd November; Thursday,6: 00 pm-7: 00 pm*Venue: Live online and on demandHighlights: What does it mean to have a healthy,happy brain? The more we understand about the human brain,the more we are learning about what we can do to keep it in shape and healthy as we age.In this talk,Catherine de Lange will mainly talk about the latest science on brain health- how to decrease the speed of cognitive decline (认知的衰退)as we get older.She will unpack the latest understanding on the way that sleep,diet,exercise and our social lives are very important for maintaining our gray matter and will share practical tips and lifestyle changes that can produce long-term brain benefits.Extra content from New ScientistThe new Health and Well-being series from New Scientist events feature four online talks: Sleep Engineering (live in September) , healthy diets (live in October) , Brain Power (live in November) and Laughter (live in December).You can purchase a single ticket to one lecture for just 13, or save 25% off the standard ticket price by buying a series ticket to all 4 talks.What's included in your ticket:Live lecture lasting 60 minutes including Q&A with Catherine de Lange On-demand access to a recording of the lecture and Q&A for 12 months 1. What does Catherine de Lange's lecture focus on ? A. Approaches to mastering brain research.B. A good understanding of gray matter.C. A slow-down in brain aging.D. Ways to maintain the brain young forever.答案和解析13.【答案】C、D、A【解析】(1) C.细节理解题。根据Highlights局部第三句In this talk,Catherine de Lange will shine a spotlight on the latest science on brain health,including what we know about preventing cognitive (认知的) decline as we get older and what we can do about improving our mental well-being today.(在这次讲座中,Catherine de Lange将聚焦于大脑健康的最 新科学,包括随着年龄的增长,我们如何预防认知能力下降,以及我们今天可以做些什 么来改善我们的心理健康。)可知,Catherine de Lange的讲座会集中在减缓大脑老化上。 应选Co(2)D.细节理解题。根据 Extra content from New Scientist 局部第一段中的 Nutrition (live in October)(营养(10月直播)可知,为了改善饮食你应该参加十月份的讲座。故 选D。(3) A.数字计算题。根据 Extra content from New Scientist"局部第二段"You can purchase a single ticket to one lecture for just £13, or save 25% off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket to all 4 talks.(你可以只花13英镑购买一张讲座的票,或者购买 4场讲座的系列讲座票,可以在标准票价的基础上节省25%。)可知,购买4场讲座的 系列讲座票应付39英镑。应选A。这是一篇应用文。文章对“新科学家活动”中的健康系列讲座进行了介绍。阅读理解解题步骤:首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意,因为阅读理解题 一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能 多地捕获信息材料;其次细读题材,各个击破,掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材 料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息、,要善 于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性,对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析, 仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准。47.【答案】A、B、C、B【解析】(1) A.推理判断题。根据第二段 Hiking the Appalachian Tran is tough,and only one out of every four hikers completes all the sections of the trail.(徒步穿越阿巴拉契亚山道非 常艰难,每四个登山者中只有一个能完成所有路段。)可知,只有四分之一的徒步旅行 者能走完阿巴拉契亚山道全程。应选A项。(2) B.细节理解题。根据第三段 Harvey's parents,Josh and Cassie Sutton,have been hiking 第10页,共21页with Harvey since he was two years old.They made reasonable arrangements,and especially prepared him for hiking the AT by starting out with lots of shorter walks and hikes.(哈维的 父母乔什萨顿和凯西萨顿从哈维两岁起就一直和他一起徒步旅行。他们做了合理的安 排,特别为他的徒步旅行做了准备,从许多较短的步行和徒步开始。)可知,萨顿夫妇 的徒步旅行成功的原因是有充分的准备。应选B项。(3) C.推理判断题。根据第四段 Mr.Sakas said Harvey didn't seem to get tired.When other hikers were worn out at the end of the day,Harvey was still eager for a game.(萨卡斯先生说 哈维似乎不觉得累。当其他徒步旅行者筋疲力尽的时候,哈维仍然渴望一场比赛。)和 第五段 Completing the AT taught Harvey and his parents how to work as a team and how to take on challenges together.(完成AT教会了哈维和他的父母如何作为一个团队工作,如 何一起面对挑战。)可知,哈维萨顿是一个精力充分,富有团队精神的人。应选C项。(4) B.标题归纳题。通读全文,文章讲述了 Harvey Sutton从4岁开始就跟着父母徒步, 用了 209天穿越艰难的阿巴拉契亚山道的故事,所以"The Little Man*s 209 Hiking Days(小小男人的209天徒步旅行)”是最正确标题。应选B项。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Harvey Sutton从4岁开始就跟着父母徒步,用了 209 天穿越艰难的阿巴拉契亚山道的故事。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑 关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章 未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作 者观点。811 .【答案】B、A、C、D【解析】(1) B.推理判断题。根据第二段中的It shut down the pipeline on Saturday,but experts say the company should have noticed a change in the pipeline's pressure much sooner.(该公司于周六关闭了管道,但专家们表示该公司本应该更早注意到管道压力的变化。) 可知,专家们认为如果公司及时注意到管道压力的变化,泄露事件就不会发生。应选Bo(2) A.细节理解题。根据第三段中的 Locals have said that even though the spill began on Friday night,little action was taken to contain it until Saturday afternoon.Some visitors to nearby beaches report that there is oil everywhere.(当地居民表示,尽管泄漏始于周五晚上, 但直到周六下午才采取措施加以控制。一些到附近海滩的游客说那里到处是石油。)可 知,当地居民认为AEC公司在这次石油泄漏事件上处理得不够及时,居民表示失望和 不满。应选A。(3) C.推理判断题。根据第四段中的 Now beaches in the area have been closed,and fishing has been banned in a wide area along the coast.People are being asked to stay away from the beaches,since the oil can be poisonous.(现在,该地区的海滩已经关闭,在沿海岸的大片 区域禁止捕鱼。人们被要求远离海滩,因为石油有可能有毒。)及第五段中的Extra efforts are being made to keep the oil away from protected marshy (沼泽的)areas,along the coast,which are home to special wildlife.(人们正在进行额外的努力,使石油远离沿海地 区受保护的沼泽地地区,这些地区是特殊野生动物的家园。)以及最后一段中的TheUS Coast Guard is leading efforts to place floating barriers called "booms" on the water to try to keep the spill from spreading.(美国海岸警卫队正在努力在水面上放置漂浮的屏障,成为 “围油栏”,试图阻止泄漏的蔓延。)可知,作者在最后三段要想表达的是为了减小这次 石油泄漏的影响人们已经采取了一定的措施。应选C。(4) D.推理判断题。根据第一段中的 Around 126, 000 gallons of oil have spilled into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Orange County.The oil spill covers about 34 square kilometers of ocean.(大约126, 000加仑的石油泄漏到太平洋延沿岸的奥兰县。石油泄漏覆盖了大约 34平方公里的海洋。)可知,文章主要是在围绕着太平洋沿岸奥兰县的石油泄漏事件 展开,所以属于新闻报道文体。应选D。本文是一篇新闻报道。大约126, 000加仑的石油泄漏到太平洋延沿岸的奥兰县。石油 泄漏覆盖了大约34平方公里的海洋。考查新闻报道类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文,把握大意,然后结合题干及选项做出正 确的选择。1215.【答案】C、B、A、B【解析】(1) C.词义猜想题。根据第一段 To put displays in front of your eyes to experience a big private screen,TCL's NXTWEAR G Glasses have some serious science fiction potential. (TCLNXTWEARG眼镜可以将显示屏放在眼前,体验大的私人屏幕,这款眼镜具有 一些严肃的科幻潜力。)讲述TCL推出了一款新的创造NXTWEARG眼镜,因此推断 划线句 But will they a new kind of wearable TVs,or be classified into a forgettable gimmick (噱头)?(但他们会kick-start 一种新的可穿戴电视,还是被归类为一个容 易被遗忘的噱头?)中的划线词与begin”开始;启动”意思相近。A.Giveup放弃;B.Pick 捡起;C.Begin开始;D.Take away带走。应选C。(5) B.推理判断题。根据第二段 Unlike the smart glasses that were once fashionable a few years ago,which were abandoned because they required a willingness to give away privacy,the第12页,共21页NXTWEAR G has a screen that you wear as glasses,which can display content from your attached smart phone,tablet or laptop,through a 140一inch (357 cm) TV.(不像几年前的 时尚的智能眼镜,因为他们需要愿意放弃隐私被放弃了,NXTWEARG有一个作为眼镜 佩戴的屏幕,可以显示来自你附加的智能手机,平板电脑或笔记本电脑的内容,通过一 个140英寸(357厘米)电视。)可知,与其他智能眼镜不同,NXTWEARG有一个与 你的智能设备相连的屏幕。应选B。(3 )A.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 Of course,they're not perfect.TheyYe much heavier than they perhaps should be.A 140-inch screen sounds much bigger,heavier and means having to rely on the controls of whatever device you're using.(当然,它们并不完美。它们比也许 应该的要重得多。一个140英寸的屏幕听起来更大、更重,意味着你必须依赖于你正在 使用的任何设备的控制。)可知,NXTWEARG眼镜比用户期待的要重得多。应选A。(4) B.观点态度题。根据最后一段 Although there is still something imperfect,the longer I spend with the NXTWEAR G, the brighter a future I can see for wearable screens.There is huge potential in wearable screens for a lot of applications,when they're made lighter,more comfortable,and easier to use.(尽管仍有一些不完美的东西,但我使用NXTWEAR G的 时间越长,我所能看到的可穿戴屏幕的未来就越光明。可穿戴屏幕在许多应用领域具有 巨大的潜力,因为它们可以变得更轻、更舒适、更容易使用。)可知,作者认为NXTWEAR G的未来是光明的,具有巨大的潜力,因此推断作者持有积极乐观的态度。AConcerned 关心的;B.Optimistic乐观的;C.Negative消极的;D.Doubtful怀疑的。应选B。本文是一篇社会文化类阅读,主要介绍了 TCL推出的一款可佩戴NXTWEARG眼镜屏 幕,讲述了其优点和缺点,以及光明的未来。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找 出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项填写出正确答案。1620.【答案】E、B、C、A、G【解析】(1) E.推理判断题。根据上文 It's not easy to classify viruses.They are not dead,because they have genes and evolve.(对病毒进行分类并不容易。它们没有死,因为 它们有基因并进化。)以及后文"So viruses have one task: to find a host and use it to reproduce.They reproduce by controlling the hosts cells,eventually causing them to burst and die,which will cause illness.These following facts can help you get rid of them.(所以病毒只 有一个任务:找到一个宿主并利用它进行繁殖。它们通过控制寄主的细胞进行繁殖,最 终导致寄主细胞破裂和死亡,从而导致疾病。以下这些事实可以帮助你摆脱它们。)可 知,本句承接上文继续说明病毒的特性,故E选项:You can be infected without showing symptoms.(然而,它们也不是活着的,因为它们不 能自己生存。)符合语境,应选E。(2) B.推理判断题。根据后文 Some viruses can even be spread via people who don't have symptoms yet.Some super-spreaders may infect hundreds of other people without even realizing it.Take preventive action to prevent spreading viruses even when you don't feel sick.(一些病毒甚至可以通过没有病症的人传播。一些超级传播者可能会在没有意识到的情 况下感染数百人。即使你不觉得不舒服,也要采取预防措施防止病毒传播。)可知,本 段主要说明了病毒的传播问题,故B选项:Yet they are also not alive because they can't survive on their own.(你可以在没有病症的情 况下被感染。)符合语境,应选B。(3) C.细节理解题。根据上文 If you're very overweight,you need to be extracautious.Overweight people suffer from the flu virus 42 percent longer than those who aren't overweight.Because being overweight is linked to many health problems,it may affect your immune system.(如果你超重,你需要格外小心。超重的人感染流感病毒的时间比正常 的人长42%。因为超重与许多健康问题有关,它可能会影响你的免疫系统。)以及后文 So you have to watch your weight.(所以你要注意你的体重。)可知,本段主要是关于超 重与感染病毒的关系,C选项中Extra weight对应上文中overweight。故C选项: Extra weight may make the flu shot less effective too.(超重也可能使流感疫苗的效果降低。) 符合语境,应选C。(4 )A.逻辑关系题。根据上文 Soap and water really are the best defense.Washing your hands with soap is practically a good way to prevent viruses.(肥皂和水真的是最好的防御。用肥 皂洗手实际上是预防病毒的一种好方法。)以及后文Make sure to wash for a minimum of 20 seconds and dry your hands on a clean towel.(确保洗手至少20秒,然后用干净的毛巾 擦干手。)可知,上文提到用肥皂洗手来预防病毒,本句承接上文继续说明洗手的作用, 故A选项:It can also make the virus not work.(它还可以使病毒失效。)符合语境,故 选Ao(5) G.逻辑关系题。根据上文 According to a research published in Molecules,green tea may be an immune booster.lt may help you fight both cold and influenza viruses.Researchers found that drinking green tea regularly could help you recover from a cold quickly.(根据发表在 分 子杂志上的一项研究,绿茶可能是免疫助推器。它可以帮助你对抗感冒和流感病毒。 研究人员发现,经常喝绿茶可以帮助你迅速从感冒中恢复。)可知,上文提到了经常喝第14页,共21页 绿茶可以帮助你迅速从感冒中恢复,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文说明绿茶的作用, 故 G 选项:That even could make you less likely to get a virus in the first place.(这甚至可 以让你从一开始就不太可能感染病毒"。)符合语境,应选G。这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了病毒的一些传播特性以及预防病毒的方法。“七选五”这样的题型,主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑 意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构,2.在 所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符 合逻辑的选项,关键词那么能帮助你确定更多的细节,排除相近的选项。得出正确的答案。2140.【答案】A、C、D、C、B、D、A、B、C、B、A、C、D、B、D、D、A、B、C、A【解析】(1) A.考查动词及语境理解。A.search搜查;B.honor荣誉;C.need需要; D.possession拥有。句意:孩子们到房子里寻找糖果,如果没有找到糖果,就会玩一些 无恶意的恶作剧,或者如果有一个特别海气的孩子,一家人可能会在他们的院子里找到 鸡蛋和卫生纸。根据下文"if no treats were found”可知,孩子们到各家各户去寻找糖果。 in search 0fH寻找,搜寻”。应选A。(2) C.考查动词及语境理解。A.missed错过;B.recorded录制;C.played玩耍;D.recommended推荐。句意:孩子们到房子里寻找糖果,如果没有找到糖果,就会玩一 些无恶意的恶作剧,或者如果有一个特别湾气的孩子,一家人可能会在他们的院子里找 到鸡蛋和卫生纸。根据上文“The classic phrasentrick or treat'1 once upon a time implied some sort of exchange? nJ知, 孩 子们如果找不到糖,他们会玩一些无恶意的恶作剧,play tricks”耍花样,捣乱二应选C。(3) D.考宜副词及语境理解。A.constantly持续地;B.exactly精确地;C.permanently永 久地;D.especially特别地。句意:孩子们到房子里寻找糖果,如果没有找到糖果,就会 玩无吉的把戏,或者如果有一个特别淘气的孩子,一家人可能会在他们的院子里找到鸡 蛋和卫生纸。根据下文"a family might find eggs and toilet paper on their yard”可知,如果 有一个特别消气的孩子,某一家人可能会在他们的院子里发现鸡蛋和卫生纸。应选D。(4) C.考查名词及语境理解。A.drinks饮料;B.dessert甜点;C.candy糖果;D.snacks 零食。句意:在这些日子里,孩子们或多或少地期待着交换糖果。根据上文Children reached houses in (1) of candy可知,在这些日子里,孩子们或多或少地都期待 着交换糖果。应选C。(5) B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A .looked around环顾四周;B. arrived at至达;C.cleared up清理;D.broke into闯入。句意:当一个三人小组来到86岁的布伦达伯顿家时,她 不幸地不得不告诉他们,她没有糖的可以给他们。根据上文Children reached houses in (1) of candy可知,此处表示三个孩子们来到86岁的Brenda Burdon的家时,他们被告知这里没有糖果。应选B。(6) D.考查动词及语境理解。A warn警告;B.remind提醒;C.con自rm确认;D.inform 知会。句意:当一个三人小组来到86岁的布伦达伯顿家时,她不得不遗憾地告诉他们, 她没有糖可以给他们。根据下文she didnt have any treats to (7)可知,Brenda Burdon 不得不适憾地告知孩子们,她没有糖可以给他们。应选D。(7) A.考查动词及语境理解。A.give给;B.pass通过;C.show展示;D.send发送。句 意:当一个三人小组来到86岁的布伦达伯顿家时,她不得不遗憾地告诉他们,她没有 糖可以给他们。根据上When a group of three (5)the 86-year-old Brenda Burdon's home,she unfortunately had to (6)them that she didn't have any treats 下文She apologized to them in a kind voice.While many children might have pouted (嘛嘴)and walked away可知,此处指Brenda Burdon遗憾地告知孩子们,她没有糖可以给他们。应选Ao(8) B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.embarrassed尴尬的;B.surprised惊讶的;C.frightened 害怕的;D.disappointed失望的。句意:虽然许多孩子可能会摄毒走开,但这些孩子让 她感到惊讶。根据下文 The children returned with a card (11)to "The Kind Lady“ decorated with some simple (12) of pumpkins and smiley faces.”可矢口, Brenda Burdon原以为没有得到糖果的孩子们可能会喷着嘴走开,但是这些孩子却第二 天给她送来了卡片,这让她感到惊讶。应选B。(9) C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.powerful有力的;B.instructive有教育意义的; C.impressive令人印象深刻的;D.steady稳定的。句意:第二天,这个万圣节被认为是 伯顿经历过最令人难忘的万圣节之一。根据下文The children returned with a card (11) to "The Kind Lady'1 decorated with some simple (12) of pumpkins and smiley faces.”可矢口, 这个万圣节被认为是Brenda Burdon经历过地最令人印象深刻的万圣节之一。应选C。(10) B.考查动词及语境理解。A.recognized认出;B.experienced经历;C.monitored监 督;D.appreciated赞赏。句意:第二天,这个万圣节被认为是伯顿经历过地最令人难忘 的万圣节之一。根据语境可知,这个万圣节被认为是Brenda Burdon经历过地最令人印 象深刻的万圣节之一。应选B。(11) A.考查动词及语境理解。A.addressed写上地址;B.thrown投掷;C.sold出售; D.devoted奉献。句意:孩子们带着一张写着一兽良的女士”的卡片回来了,卡片上装饰第16页,共21页 着一些简单的南瓜和笑脸图案。根据下文中的,The Kind Lady”以及语境可知,孩子们带 着一张写着给"善良的女士”的卡片回来了,上面装饰着一些简单的南瓜和笑脸的图案。 addressed”写上(收信人)姓名地址”。应选A。(12) C.考查名词及语境理解。A.drafts草稿;B.outlines轮廓;C.drawings图画;D.shapes 形状。句意:孩子们带着一张写着“善良的女士”的卡片回来了,卡片上装饰着一些简单 的南瓜和笑脸图案。应选C。(13) D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.generous慷慨的;B.considerate体贴的;C.humorous 幽默的;D.gentle温柔的。句意:”谢谢你这么温柔,”孩子们写道。根据上文"she apologized to them in a kind voice.”和上文提到的"The Kind Lady”可知,孩子们认为 Burdon很善良很温柔。所以在卡片上写道:谢谢你这么温柔。应选D。(14) B.考查形容调及语境理解。A.smart聪明的;B.sweet甜的,令人愉快的;C.electronic 电子的;D.thick厚实的。句意:除了这张群卡,还有巧克力、一包饼干和一张10英镑 的炒票。根据上文"a card (11) to叮he Kind Lady”可知,这张卡片写着“善良的女士”, 所以这张卡片是令人愉快的。应选B。(15) D.考查动词及语境理解。A plain抱怨;B.pity怜悯;C.fear害怕;D.smile微 笑。句意:光是这句话就足以让伯顿在接下来的一整晚都面带微笑。根据上文"Hope life gets better for you as you go on.可知”希望你的生活会越来越好。”说明这 可以让她在余下的下午一直面带微笑。应选D。(16) D.考查名词及语境理解。A.performance表现;B.courage勇气;C.anxiety焦虑; D.behavior行为。句意:据伯顿的孙子丹尼帕克说,孩子们的行为让她整个下午都沉浸 在幸福中”。根据上文中The children returned with a card”可知,孩子们的行为使Burdon 在下午剩下的时间里沉漫在快乐之中。应选D。(17) A.考查动词及语境理解。A.buy购买;B.distribute分配;C.select选择;D.make 制造。句意:她甚至出去给孩子们买礼物以示感谢,但不率的是,孩子们从那时起就没 有回来。由下文"gifts for the children to show her”可知,Bwoon甚至去给孩子们购买礼物 以表达她的感激之情。应选A。(18) B.考查名词及语境理解。A.concern 关注;B.appreciation 感激;C.satisfaction 满足; D.curiosity好奇。句意:她甚至出去给孩子们买礼物以示感谢,但不幸的是,孩子们从 那时起就没有回来。根据上文中"She even went out to (17) gifts for the children”可知, Burdon去给孩子们购买礼物是为了表达她的感激之情。应选B。(19) C.考查动词及语境理解。A .recovered康复;B. left离开;C.returned返回;D.fallen 倒下。句意:她甚至出去给孩子们买礼物以示感谢,但不幸的是,孩子们从那时起就没 有回来。根据上文中的“but unfortunately”可知,遗憾的是,孩子们从那以后就没有会回 来过(此处指Burdon的家)。故先C。(20) A.考查动词及语境理解。A.treat款待;B.reduce减少;C.apply申请;D.limit限制。 句意:她希望能再次找到他们,去照亮他们的生活过,就像他们照亮她的生活一样,并 把10英镑还给他们,这样他们就可以给自己买一些好东西了。根据上文中的She hopes to find them again to brighten their days the same way they brightened hers,and to return the £10可知,Burdon希望能再次找到他们,像他们曾经照亮她的生活一样,也照 亮他们的生活,并把那10英镑还给他们,这样他们就可以给他们自己买一些好吃的东 西了。treat意为"买(可享受的东西)二应选A。这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Burdon在万圣节时没有准备糖果,来敲门索要糖果 的孩子们却没有因此而不开心,在第二天给她送去了贴心的礼物,对此Burdon感到很 开心,想要回报孩子们的故事。完形填空题的命题趋势解题步骤:1 .通读全文,理解大意。重视首句信息,跳过空格,浏览全文,从整体上感知全文,