2021-2022学年北京市海淀区高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

2021-2022学年北京市海淀区高二上学期期末考试英语试题考生须知：L本参考样题共10页，共4大局部，58道题，总分值100分。考试时间90分钟。2 .在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和准考证号。3 .答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4 .在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。第一局部：听力理解（共三节，20分）第一节（共4小题；每题1分，共4分）听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选 项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每题。听完后，每题将给出5秒钟的作答 时间。每段对话你将听一遍。1. When will the man's sister arrive at the station?A. In 20 minutes. B. In half an hour. C. In 10 minutes.2. What topic does the woman suggest for the report?A. Garbage sorting. B. Endangered species. C. Air pollution.3. Whafs the possible relationship between the two speakers?A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.4. Why does the woman make the call?A. To make a request. B. To make a complaint. C. To make an apology.第二节（共10小题；每题1分，共10分）.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每题。听完后，每题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至6题。5. What does the woman like about the movie?A. Its plot. B. Its music. C. Its lines.6. Why does the man want to recommend the movie to Lucy?A. It is her favorite kind of movie.B. It may give her ideas for her writing.C. It may relieve her pressure from writing.听第6段材料，回答第7至8氤What is the man doing?A. Measuring water. B. Taking a shower. C. Looking for a job.7. What suggestion does the woman give the man?A. Timing his shower. B. Sharing the water bill. C. Taking shorter showers.听第7段材料，回答第9至10题。8. Why is the man so happy?A. He has won a lot of money. B. He is going to finish school.C. He has finished three more classes.9. How will the man probably pay for his MBA?A. He will work part-time.B. His parents will pay for it.C. He may borrow money from a bank.听第8段材料，回答第11至12题。10. What does the woman think of her father?A. Stubborn. B. Understanding. C. Helpful.25. What event marked a turning point in Stallone's career?A. He negotiated the lead role in the film “Rocky'1 B.C. He became homeless and slept outside for many days.D.He went to Los Angeles for more opportunities.He succeeded in showing his script to two greatdirectors.A. remember the famous actorB. describe how he succeededC. motivate others to pursue dreamsD. explain the popularity of his movie26. Sylvester's life story is written to【答案】24 D25. A 26. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述明星席维斯史特龙追求自己成为明星的梦想的故事。【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 u Everyone told him it could not be done, but he wasn't one to take no for an answer.v （每个人都告诉他那不会实现，但是他不是那个接受“不”这个答案的人。）可知，席维斯年轻时对他要成 为电影明星的梦想信念坚定。应选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"his career would skyrocket after he negotiated the lead role in the film that would come to be known as “Rocky”.”（他的职业生涯飙升是在他签约了电影“Rocky”的主演之后。）可知，史特 龙职业生涯的转折点是签约了电影“Rocky”的主演。应选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Since then, Sylvester Stallone, and his series of movies revolving around Rocky have been inspiring people all around the world."（自从那时起，席维斯史特龙的围绕洛奇的电影一直鼓舞着世人。） 可知，作者写席维斯史特龙的故事是为了鼓舞人们追求自己的梦想，不轻易放弃就会成功。应选C。CIt was widely believed that, in order to get the first languages off the ground, our ancestors first needed a way to create novel signals that could be understood by others, relying on visual signs whose form was directly similar to the intended meaning. Some gestures can be understood almost anywhere: pointing to direct someone's attention, for instance.However, an international research team, led by experts from the University of Birmingham and theLeibniz-Centre General Linguistics （ZAS）, Berlin, have discovered that certain vocalizations （发声法）can also be iconic and recognizable to people around the world-even when a speaker is not simply imitating a well-known sound. These findings, published in Scientific Reports, may help explain the rise of modern spoken language.In 2015, language researchers challenged some English speakers to make up sounds representing various basic concepts （"sleep", "child", "meat", "rock”, and more）. When other English speakers listened to these sounds and tried matching them to concepts, they were largely successful. But “we wanted to be able to show that these vocalizations are understandable across cultures,says study co- author and University of Birmingham cognitive scientist Marcus Perlman.So Perlman and his colleagues conducted online and in-person experiments in seven countries, from Morocco to Brazil. They recruited more than 900 participants, who spoke a total of 28 languages, to listen to the best-understood vocalizations from the 2015 investigation and select matching concepts from a set of words or images. Vocalizations that called forth well-known sounds-for example, dripping water-performed best. But many others were also understood at rates significantly above chance across all languages tested, the team found. "There is a notable degree of success outside of just onomatopoeia （象声词）J Perlman says.This is likely because certain patterns related to sound are universal, the team suggests. For example, short and basic sounds often convey the concept of "one” and repeated sounds are typically associated with “many”. Likewise, low-pitched sounds accompany something big, and high-pitched sounds convey small size. These findings of “iconic“ sounds could help scientists understand how human ancestors started using rich acoustic （传音的） communication, says co-author Aleksandra Cwiek, a linguist at the Leibniz-Center General Linguistics in Berlin. The human voice, she says, might "afford enough iconicity to get language off the ground.”University of Tubingen linguist Matthias Urban, who was not involved in the research, agrees. "It's unclear how words came into being in the first place J he says. Iconic vocalizations are "potentially one pathway that could have been involved.27. What does the underlined word “iconic“ in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Symbolic.B. Comic.C. Magic.D. Classic.28. The finding of Perlman's research may.A. well explain the rise of English culturethrow light on the origin of spoken languagedemonstrate that onomatopoeia may be popularshow how our ancestors imitate unknown sounds29. What can we learn from the experiments in this passage?A. The English language is universally understood. B. Sound patterns may be related to their meanings.C. Sign language appeared earlier than spoken language. D. Words were evolved from vocalizations in ancient times.30. Which might be the best title for the passage?A. From Hand to Mouth: The Origins of LanguageIconic Vocalizations are Created for CommunicationMade-up Sounds Convey Meanings across CulturesHow Language Began: Gesture and Speech in Evolution【答案】27. A 28. B 29. B 30. D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要是在讲述一群语言研究者们通过研究发现人类语言从肢体语言到现代口 语的演变。【27题详解】词句猜想题。根据这句话“certain vocalizations （发声法）can also be iconic and recognizable to people around the world"（特定的发声法也可能是iconic的，并且能够被全球人区分出来的。）可知，这些发声法对全球人来 说都是可以被区分的，说明是有特征的，所以划线单词是指“符号性的，有标识的”，与“Symbolic”同义。 应选Ao【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“These findings, published in Scientific Reports, may help explain the rise of modern spoken language."（这些发现，被发表在科学报告期刊上，也许可以帮助解释现代口语语言的出现。） 可知，Perlman的研究结果可以让人们明白口语语言的起源。应选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段 “This is likely because certain patterns related to sound are universal, the team suggests. For example, short and basic sounds often convey the concept of “one” and repeated sounds are typically associated with "many”. Likewise, low-pitched sounds accompany something big, and high-pitched sounds convey small size. These findings of “iconic" sounds could help scientists understand how human ancestors started using rich acoustic （传音的）communication, says co-author Aleksandra Cwiek, a linguist at the Leibniz-Center General Linguistics in Berlin. The human voice, she says, might "afford enough iconicity to get language off the ground.”“（研究小组认 为，这可能是因为与声音相关的某些模式是普遍存在的。例如，短而基本的声音通常传达“一”的概念， 重复的声音通常与“多”相联系。同样地，消沉的声音伴随着大的东西，而高的声音传达的是小的东西。 这些“标志性”声音的发现可以帮助科学家理解人类祖先是如何开始使用丰富的声学交流的，合著者 Aleksandra Cwiek说，他是柏林莱布尼茨中心普通语言学家。她说，人类的声音可能“提供足够的象似性， 使语言得以开展二）从实验中可知，声音模式可能与它们的含义有关。应选B。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第段“our ancestors first needed a way to create novel signals that could be understood by others, relying on visual signs whose form was directly similar to the intended meaning. " （我们的祖先最早需要个方法 来创造能够被他人理解的新奇的信号，依靠可视信号，它的形成直接和要被表达的意思很类似。）可知，这 篇文章讲述我们的祖先在肢体语言的基础上想创造出新的口语化的语言，就有了我们现在所使用的口语语 言。所以，这篇文章是在讲述从肢体语言到现代口语的演变。应选D。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Happy ManThe happy man lives objectively, and has free love and wide interests, through which he secures his happiness. To be the receivers of love is a vital cause of happiness, but the man who demands love is not the man to whom it is given. 31 But it is useless to attempt to give love as a calculation, for it is not sincere and is not felt.What then can a man do who is unhappy because he is enclosed in self? If he is to get out of the vicious （恶性 的）circle of unhappiness, it must be by true interests. But before that, he should analyze his trouble first. 32If fear is his trouble, let him practice exercises designed to give courage.Admit to himself every day at least one painful truth. 33 Exercises of this sort will enable him to admit facts and will free him from the fear to a large extent.34 Do not say to yourself in advance, "I should be happy if I could become interested in stamp-collecting J and thus set to work to collect stamps, fbr it may well happen that you will altogether fail to find stamp-collecting interesting. You may be pretty sure that true objective interests will grow up as soon as you have learnt not to be self-centered.All unhappiness depends upon lack of integration （融合）.There is disintegration within the selfconsciously and unconsciously or between the self and society. 35 Such a man feels himself a citizen of the universe, enjoying what it affords, untroubled by the death because he feels not separate from those who will come after him. A. There is much he can do about it.B. The man who receives love is the man who gives it.C The interests will arise when you overcome being self-centered.D. The happy life is to an extraordinary extent the same as the good life.E. Teach himself life is worth even not having great virtue or intelligence.F. Self-denying leaves a man self-absorbed and aware of his own sacrifice.G. Neither divided against the self nor the world, the happy man never fails to unite.【答案】31.B32. A 33. E 34. C35. G【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。文章主要论述什么样的人是快乐的人。【31题详解】根据上文 “To be the receivers of love is a vital cause of happiness, but the man who demands love is not the man to whom it is given.”（成为爱的接受者是幸福的重要原因，但是需要爱的人并不是被给与爱的人。）可知，接 下来要说什么样的人才可以成为爱的接受者。B选项“收到爱的人都是给与别人爱的人和上文意思一致。 应选Bo【32题详解】根据上文“But before that, he should analyze his trouble自rst."（但是，在那之前，他应该首先要分析他的麻烦。） 可知，接下来要说明分析的结果或者应对方法。A选项“在这方面，他可以做很多。”和上文意思一致。故 选Ao33题详解】根据下文 u Exercises of this sort will enable him to admit facts and will free him from the fear to a large extent. "（这 类的练习将使他能够成认事实，并且最大程度的让他远离恐惧。）可知，上文要提出练习方法和措施。E选 项“教给他自己，即使没有很高的德行和智商，生命也是有价值的。”和下文意思一致。应选E。【34题详解】不艮据本段最后句 " You may be pretty sure that true objective interests will grow up as soon as you have learnt not tobeself-centered."（当你一学会不以自我为中心的时候，你也许很确信真正客观的兴趣将会越来越多。）可 知，这一段是在建议读者要多培养兴趣，不要以自我为中心。C选项“当你克服以自我为中心的时候，兴趣 就会上升。”和下文意思一致。应选C。35题详解】根据下文 “Such a man feels himself a citizen of the universe, enjoying what it affords, untroubled by the death because he feels not separate from those who will come after him."（这样的人感觉他自己是宇宙中的一位市民， 享受着宇宙提供给他的东西，不被死亡所烦恼，因为他感觉并没有和跟随他的人分开。）可知，这是在描述 一类不会和他人别离的人。G选项“既不跟自我分割，也不跟世界分割，快乐的人从来不会不团结。”和下 文意思一致。应选G。第四局部：书面表达（共两节，25分）第一节（共4小题；第54、55、56题各2分，第57题4分，共10分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答以下问题。When people are asked what's important in their lives, they often mention humor, yet philosophers would disagree.The first is how little they have said. The most that major philosophers like Plato, Hobbes, and Kant wrote about laughter or humor was a few paragraphs within a discussion of another topic. Martian anthropologists （人类学家）comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that humor could be left out of human life without much loss.The second is how negative most philosophers have been in their assessments of humor. From ancient Greece until the 20th century, the vast majority of philosophical comments on laughter and humor focused on scornful （蔑视 的）or mocking laughter, or on laughter that overpowers people, rather than on comedy, wit, or joking. Plato, the most influential critic of laughter, treated laughter as an emotion that overrides （凌驾于）rational self-control. He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, "for when one abandons himself to violent laughter, his condition causes a violent reaction.Another of Plato's objections to laughter is that it is evil. Plato analyzes the enjoyment of comedy as a form of scorn. The people we laugh at imagine themselves to be wealthier, better looking, or more virtuous than they really are. In laughing at them, we take delight in something evil: their self- ignorance.Because of these objections to laughter and humor, Plato says that in the ideal state, comedy should be tightly controlled. tWe shall order that such representations be left to slaves or hired aliens, and receive no serious consideration whatsoever. No free person, whether woman or man, shall be found taking lessons in them.Greek thinkers after Plato had similarly negative comments. Though Aristotle considered wit a valuable part of conversation, he agreed with Plato that laughter expresses scorn. The Stoics, with their emphasis on self-control, agreed with Plato that laughter weakens self-control. Epictetus9s Enchiridion advises "Let not your laughter be loud, frequent, or unrestrained.His followers said that he never laughed at all.36. What conclusion do Martian anthropologists make on humor?37. Why did Plato suggest that the governors of a country should get rid of laughter?38. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control.39. Do you agree with the philosophers, ideas mentioned in the passage about humor? Why or why not? （In about 40 words）【答案 J 36. Humor could be left out of human life without much loss.37. Because Plato thought violent laughter causes a violent reaction.38. The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control.; Because the Stoics thought that laughter weakens self-control.39.1 don't agree with the philosophers9 ideas mentioned in the passage, because I think laughter is a human instinct and humor is a necessity in life. Both of them are indispensable seasonings, which make our life colorful and meaningful. Without laughter and humor, life would be boring and dull.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了众多哲学家对“笑”的态度，他们认为笑声和幽默应该受到限制。