2022届安徽省合肥一六八中学高三最后一卷英语试题（含答案解析）.docx

2022届安徽省合肥一六八中学高三最后一卷英语试题学校:姓名：班级：考号： 一、阅读理解The Lascaux Writing Contest GuidelinesThe Lascaux Prizes in Creative Non-fiction and Short Fiction are presently open for submission. The Lascaux Prizes in Flash Fiction and Poetry will reopen on October 1, 2020. PrizesWinner receives $ 1,000, a silver medal, and publication online in The Lascaux Review. The winner and all finalists will be published in the annual print journal Lascaux 8. Contest participants can download the Lascaux works for free.RulesCreative Non-fiction: Creative non-fiction may include memoirs, personal essays and literary journalism-anything the author has witnessed, experienced or discovered.Submissions should be within a length of 10,000 words. Pieces should be written in a nonacademic style. Submissions close on December 31, 2020.Short Fiction: Submissions should be no more than 10,000 words. There are no restrictions on the style or subject matter. Submissions close on February 28, 2021.Flash Fiction: Writers may enter more than once, and as many as three stories per entry, all filed in one document. Single story should be not more than 1,000 words. Because editors are working in different workplaces, the Review is unable to accept submissions via postal mail. All topics are welcome. Submissions close on April 30, 2021.Poetry: Poets may enter more than once, and as many as five poems may be submitted per entry. All are filed in one document. There are no length restrictions. All styles are welcome. Submissions close on June 30, 2021.Entry FeeEntry fee is $15.All the fees are intended entirely as prize money and operating expenses. Editors, judges, and other staff at The Lascaux Review are unpaid volunteers. 1. What does each of the participants get?A. A souvenir medal.B. An honor certificate.C. Yearly print magazines.D. Free downloads of works.2. What does a flash fiction participant have to do?A. Use the given theme.参考答案:1. DC2. A【解析】【分析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了“拉斯考克斯写作比赛”的有关信息，包括奖项设置、写作规那么 及缴费情况等。1. 细节理解题。根据 Prizes 局部的"Contest participants can download the Lascaux works fbr free.”可知，竞赛参与者可以免费下载拉斯考克斯的作品，即每一位参赛者均可免费下载拉 斯考克斯的作品。应选D项。2. 细节理解题。根据 Rules 局部的 Flash Fiction 中的"Single story should be not more than 1,000 words.”可知，单个小说故事的字数不能超过1000个字。由此可知，速写小说参赛者必须 将每个故事限制在1000个字以内。应选C项。3. 细节理解题。根据Rules局部的Poetry中的最后一句话“Submissions close on June 30, 2021.” 可知，诗歌作品的最后提交日期是2021年6月30日。应选A项。4. DC5. CD【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要是告诉读者Samuel Johnson编纂英国词典的故事。4. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“These, however, were often little more than lists of hard words. When definitions of common words were supplied, they were often unhelpful. For example, a “horse" was defined in an early dictionary as "a beast well knowrT.（然而，这些往往答案第1页，共14页 只不过是一串难懂的字眼。当常用词的定义被提供时，它们通常是无用的。例如，“马”在 早期的字典中被定义为“众所周知的野兽）”可知，早期英语词典的问题是只是增加了一 些难懂的大词。应选D项。5. 推理判断题。根据第二段"Johnson changed all that, but the task was not an easy one. Renting a house at 17 Gough Square, Johnson began working in the worst of conditions. Supported only by his publisher, Johnson worked on the Dictionary with five assistants. Compared to the French Academy's dictionary, which took forty workers fifty-five years to complete （1639-1694）, Johnson's dictionary was completed by very few people very quickly约翰逊改变了这切， 但 这项任务并不容易。约翰逊在高夫广场17号租了一所房子，开始在最恶劣的条件下工作。 约翰逊只有在出版商的支持下，才与五名助手一起编写这本词典。法国学院词典花了四 十名工人五十五年（1639-1694年）才完成，与之相比，约翰逊的词典很少有人能很快完 成。户可知，作者在第二段提到法国学院的词典是为了强调约翰逊和他的助手们的效率 高。应选C项。6. 词句猜想题。根据文章画线单词上文“How many words were defined（多少单词被定义）”可 知，是词典编纂者给单词下定义，由此可知，划线单词lexicographer指的是词典编纂者。 应选C项。7. 推理判断题。根据第二段"Johnson changed all that, but the task was not an easy one. Renting a house at 17 Gough Square, Johnson began working in the worst of conditions. Supported only by his publisher, Johnson worked on the Dictionary with five assistants. Compared to the French Academy's dictionary, which took forty workers fifty-five years to complete （1639-1694）, Johnson's dictionary was completed by very few people very quickly.（约翰逊改变了这一切，但 这项任务并不容易。约翰逊在高夫广场17号租了一所房子，开始在最恶劣的条件下工作。 约翰逊只有在出版商的支持下，才与五名助手一起编写这本词典。法国学院词典花了四 十名工人五十五年（1639-1694年）才完成，与之相比，约翰逊的词典很少有人能很快完 成。）“可知，约翰逊在非常恶劣的条件下完成工作，这说明他意志坚定。A. Ambitious and pessimistic雄心勃勃的和悲观的；B. Humorous and hardworking幽默，勤奋的；C.Dependent and professional 依赖和专业的；D. Determined and strong-willed 意志坚定的。故答案第2页，共14页选D项。8. AC9. DC【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，并解释了为什么会发生这样的情 况。8 .细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话 The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.麻疹患者的数量虽然小，但是他们却是一种危险趋势的前沿，应选 Ao.细节理解题。根据第三段 But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in,可知只有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用，应选C。9 .推理判断题。根据第一段 But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing antivaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly,可矢口, 那些反对注射疫苗的运 动和迅速传播的错误信息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，应选D。10 .推理判断题。本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情 况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选Co【点睛】作者态度及写作意图推断每一篇文章都会包含作者的某种观点和态度，只不过有的直截了当，有的含而不露， 有的通过所用词语的褒贬来表达。此类题可细分为作者态度题（说明作者的好恶）和作者观 点题（说明作者对某事物的看法）。准确把握作者的情感和态度，需要注意以下几点：1 .作者对某一事物的看法，要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。2 .漠不关心类词语往往不对，既然写文章就不会不关心。3 .不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。4 .当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性来判断。5 .作者的观点一般与文章的主旨相关联。答案第3页，共14页6 .绝对化或语气过于强烈的选项常常是错误的，如:strong, complete, entire等。比方小题4考查文章的写作目的，本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么 会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗 的作用，应选C。10. CA11. CB【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究说明，智能手机用户对查看手机的痴迷，作者认为 查看手机过于频繁会形成习惯，这会影响工作。12. 细节理解题。由第二段中的"On average, the study subjects check their phones 34 times a day. And the strangest part is that they don*t even realize they are doing it."（研究对象平均每天检查 手机34次。最奇怪的是，他们甚至没有意识到自己在这么做。），可知研究对象频繁查看手 机，自己却没意识到“查看手机''这一行为，这是最奇怪的地方。应选C项。13. 细节理解题。由第三段中的"Loren Frank, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco （UCSF）, explains that checking smart phones is rewarding in some way.” （力口州大学 I日 金山分校（UCSF）的神经科学家Loren Frank解释说，查看智能手机在某种程度上是值得 做的），可知Loren Frank认为查看智能手机在某种程度上是值得的。应选A项。14. 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Study show that whenever you take a break from what you are doing to check your smart phone, it is hard to go back to your original task, according to Adam Gazzaley, a neurologist at UCSF.”（力口州大学旧金山分校的神经学家Adam Gazzaley表示， 研究说明，每当你休息一下，查看你的智能手机，就很难回到原来的工作。），可知查看智 能手机时，工作暂停，很难回到原来的工作中，说明查看智能手机会使人从工作中分心。应选C项。15.答案第4页，共14页 推理判断题。由第一段中的“A recent survey shows that smart phone users have developed"checking habit"一frequently checks of e-mails and other Apps/5 （最近的一项调查显示，智能手机用户已经养成了“检查习惯”经常检查电子邮件和其他信息应用程序）和下文对于 “智能手机用户对查看手机的痴迷”的介绍，可知本文主要展示了智能手机用户对查看手机 的痴迷。应选B项。16. BC17. GF18. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了与同伴之间维持健康关系的几个建议。16. 空处位于段首，是本段主题句，根据本段中“Don、hide things from them, nor lie to them.（不 要对他们隐瞒事情，也不要对他们撒谎）”及“Honesty is always the best policy.（老实永远是上 策）”可知，本段是建议要老实相待。B项“对你的同伴要老实”符合语境，应选B项。17. 根据空前一句"Respect isn't just simply treating them nicely.（尊重不仅仅是对他们好）”可知, 尊重不仅仅是对他们好，空处应是承接上文，讲述尊重还包括很多其他方面，C项“它当然 还包括很多“引起下文，下文“You have to learn to adjust to their liking.（你得学会适应他们的 喜好广呼应C项中的“a lot”。应选C项。18. 根据上文“Make them feel you are someone they can really count on and build a future with.（让他 们觉得你是他们真正可以依靠的人，可以和你一起建立未来厂可知，要让同伴觉得你是他 们真正可以依靠的人，这样他们在有需要时可以依靠你，G项“这样他们就能在必要的时候 依靠你了"符合语境，G项中的“count on”与上文呼应。应选G项。19. 根据上文“Laughter may seem silly, but it's the secret to a lot in life.（大笑可能看起来很傻，但 它是生活中很多事情的秘密）“及下文"It is the key to happiness and it will keep the sparks答案第5页，共14页 alive.（这是幸福的关键，它将保持火花鲜活广可知，此处是讲述大笑的作用，F项“大笑能让 这段关系更加牢固和持久”符合语境。应选F项。20. 根据本段主题句“Make sure to communicate well with them.（确保与他们进行良好的沟通）”可 知，本段主要讲述和同伴好好沟通，结合空后一句"If they did something that made you unhappy, tell them about it in a respectful manner如果他们做了什么让你不开心的事，用尊重 的方式告诉他们厂可知，此处是讲述沟通的方式，D项“和他们谈谈，而不是尖叫”符合语 境。D项中的talk与本段主题communicate同义，且和下文语义一致。应选D项。21. CB22. AC23. DB24. AD25. BC26. DA27. DA28. BC29. AB30. DC【解析】【导语】答案第6页，共14页 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了餐馆生意失败后，作者和妻子一起去了得克萨斯 州。经历过艰辛的生活之后，作者不仅对所经历的磨难充满感激，而且更加热爱生活。21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Palo峡谷州立公园的入口处，我注意到一那么招聘公园管理员 的广告。A. sponsored 赞助;B. published 出版；C. noticed 注意；D. answered 回答。根据下 文“a job advertisement”以及“The position offered”可推知，此处指作者注意到一那么招聘广 告。应选C。22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该职位提供了一个免费的、永久的公园营地，作为回报，公 园管理员充当了公园游客和护林人之间的纽带。A. safe平安的；B. free免费的；C.convenient方便的；D. beautiful美丽的。根据下文“a rent-free place”可推知，此处指这个岗 位提供一个免费的、永久性的营地。应选B。23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位提供了一个免费的、永久的公园营地，作为回报，公园 管理员充当了公园游客和护林人之间的纽带。A. hosts主人；B. hikers徒步旅行者；C. players 运发动；D. hunters 猎人。根据上文“I noticed a job advertisement hiring park hosts”可 推知，此处指这些被招聘来的管理人员充当了公园游客和护林人之间的纽带。应选A。24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对绝望的我来说，这是一个完美的解决方案：让我们有一个免 费的地方住，并且能重新组织我们的生活。A. holiday假日；B. moment片刻；C. solution 解决方案；D. ending 结局。根据下文“the perfect"以及"for the hopeless me: a rent-free place” 可推知，此处指招聘启示上的条件对作者很有帮助，是他现在的绝望情况下完美的解决方 案。应选C。25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对绝望的我来说，这是一个完美的解决方案：让我们有一个免 费的地方住，并且能重新组织我们的生活。A. risk冒险；B. spend花费；C. save拯救；D. reorganize 重新组织。根据上文“It was the perfect solution for the hopeless me” 以及下文“our lives”可推知，此处指这个工作对作者来说是一个完美的解决方案，它可以让作者有一个免 费的地方住，并且能有时间重新组织他们的生活。应选D。26.答案第7页，共14页 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们进入了公园，我预约了第二天的时间。Aattempt试图；B. appointment 约定；C. agreement 同意；D. appeal 呼吁。根据下文"The next day we met with the people who ran the park.”可知，此处指作者与招聘人员约好第二天见面。应选B。27. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公园很拥挤，所以我们花了一些时间才找到一个可用的地 点。A. available可用的;B.dangerous危险的;Coniine在线的；D.lonely孤独的。根据上 文“The park was crowded, so it took us some time to find a(n)”以及下文"site''可推知，此处指 公园非常拥挤，作者花费一些时间才找到一个可用的地点。应选A。28. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们立即爬上桌子，在接下来的四个小时里，等着它们离开我 们的营地。A. repeatedly 反复地;B. calmly 冷静地;C. eventually 最后；D. immediately 立 即。根据上文“my wife saw two skunks walking toward our table”可推知，此处指看到两只臭 鼬爬过来，作者和妻子立即爬到了桌子上。应选D。29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们立即爬上桌子，在接下来的四个小时里，等着它们离开我 们的营地。A. attack攻击；B. leave离开；C.pass通过；D. search搜索。根据上文“We immediately climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited fbr them”可推矢口,止匕处 指作者和家人非常害怕臭鼬，所以爬到了桌子上等待臭鼬离开。应选B。30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：熬过了那个晚上，我们相信一切都会好起来的。A. decided决 定；B. thought 思考；C. survived 幸免于难；D. remembered 记得。根据上文“waited for them to leave our camp”可推知，作者与家人非常害怕臭鼬，此处指等臭鼬走了后作者他们幸存了 下来。应选C。31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：熬过了那个晚上，我们相信一切都会好起来的。A. similar相 似的；B. different不同的；C.adventurous爱冒险的；D.OK好的，不错。根据上文“Having survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be”可推知,此处指臭鼬走 后，作者他们熬过了那个晚上，所以他相信一切都会好起来的。应选D。32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们解释了我们的责任，给了我们一个美丽的营地。A.答案第8页，共14页 responsibilities B. requirements 要求； C. circumstances 情况； D. conditions 条件。 根 据上文“The next day we met with the people who ran the park.”可推知，此处指作者与招聘人 员见了面，招聘人员肯定要向作者说明作者他们的工作职责。应选A。33. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，那天晚上，我们感受到了峡谷的风。A. Moreover而且； B. Therefore 因此；C. Meanwhile 同时；D. However 然而。根据上文“gave us a beautiful campsite” 以及下文“we learned about the canyon 14. They were strong and cold J 和“until the winds”可推知，此处表达的是，那天夜里他们遭遇到了峡谷狂风。与上文他们自 信地认为一切都会好起来形成转折关系。应选D。34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，那天晚上，我们感受到了峡谷的风。A. winds风；B. snows 雪；C. woods 木头；D. tracks 轨道。根据下文“They were strong and cold”以及"until the winds”可推知，此处指作者他们那天夜里遭遇到了峡谷狂风。应选A。35. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它们又强又冷，猛烈地摇晃着我们的小露营卡车，我们躺在黑 暗中,不停地摇晃，直到风停了为止。A. slightly轻微地;B. violently猛烈地;C.frequently 频繁地；D. occasionally 偶尔地。根据上文"They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck”可推知，此处指强风猛烈地摇晃着作者的小露营车。应选B。36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们又强又冷，猛烈地摇晃着我们的小露营卡车，我们躺在黑 暗中，不停地摇晃，直到风停了为止。A. flew飞；B. moved移动；C died死亡，停止运 转；D. ran 跑。根据上文“we lay shaking in the dark until the winds”以及下文"away”可推知， 此处指作者他们在黑暗中颤抖着躺着，直到风停了为止。短语“die away”意为“逐渐消失: 应选Co37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，我们学会了如何在卡车里生存。A.truck 卡车;B. park 公园;C. house 房子;D. camp 营地。根据上文“we headed north in a camping truck to Texas”以及"rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay shaking in the dark until the winds died away”可推知，此处指作者跟妻子住在露营卡车里。应选Ao 38.答案第9页，共14页B. Submit over three stories at a time.C. Limit each story to 1,000 words.D. Send his submissions by postal mail.3. What is the final date for the admission of poetry?A. June 30, 2021. B. April 30, 2021. C. February 28, 2021. D. December 31, 2020.During the period from 1660 through 1800, Great Britain became the world's leader. Language itself became submitted to rules during this period. This need to fix the English language is best illustrated in the making of The Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel Johnson. Guides to the English language had been in existence before Johnson began his project in 1746. These, however, were often little more than lists of hard words. When definitions of common words were supplied, they were often unhelpful. For example, a “horse“ was defined in an early dictionary as "a beast well known”.Johnson changed all that, but the task was not an easy one. Renting a house at 17 Gough Square, Johnson began working in the worst of conditions. Supported only by his publisher, Johnson worked on the Dictionary with five assistants. Compared to the French Academy's dictionary, which took forty workers fifty-five years to complete (1639-1694), Johnson's dictionary was completed by very few people very quickly.Balanced on a chair with only three legs, Johnson sat against a wall in a room filled with books. Johnson would read widely from these books, mark passages illustrating the use of a particular word, and give the books to his assistants so that they could copy the passages on slips of paper. These slips were then stuck to eighty large notebooks under the key words that Johnson had selected. Fixing the word by this method, Johnson could record a word's usage and its definition.How many passages were used? According to Johnson's modem biographer Walter Jackson Bate, the original total number could have been over 240, 000. How many words were defined by the lexicographer? Over 40, 000 words appeared in two large books in April of 1755. Did Johnson fully understand the huge task he was undertaking when he began? As he told his contemporary biographer James Boswell, “I knew very well what I was undertaking and very well how to do itand have done it very well.4. What is the problem of early English dictionaries?A. They only offer simple pictures.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们的生意崩溃后的一段时间里，我想我可能也会失去我的 家庭。A. started开始;B.crashed崩溃；C.expanded扩大；D. declined下降。根据上文 “When our restaurant business failed”可推知，此处指生意失败后的一段时间内,作者认为自 己连家也可能会失去。应选B。39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我发现自己对所有的困难都心存感激。A. parks公园；B. people 人们；C. owners 主人；D. hardships 艰难，困苦。根据上文“When our restaurant business failed”以及“our business crashed”可推知，此处指作者与妻子经历了很多困难，现在 对自己经历过的困难心存感激。应选D。40. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：建立一个成功的企业，然后失去它，几乎没有时间建立一个成 功的家庭。A. business生意；B.career生涯；C.family家庭;D. image形象。根据上文“For a time after our business crashed I thought I might lose my family as well."以及下文"And we had become a family!”可推知，此处指作者之前经营餐厅失败，让作者没有时间经营自己的家 庭，他本以为会失去自己的家庭。应选C。41. have been madea42. graspingthem43. . steadilyare44. Howeverwhich45. applicationto be used【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了上周二在安徽省的一个科技展上展览的新研发的机器手。41. 考查动词时态和被动语态，句意：在过去的三十年，中国已经取得了巨大的科学突破，答案第10页，共14页 over the past 3 decades意为“在过去的三十年: 一般和完成时态连用，强调过去的动作对 现在的影响，结合语境这里是现在完成时，主语breakthrough与动词make为被动关系， 所以是被动语态。故填have been madeo考查冠词，句意：一条好消息：新研发的机器手在中国东部的安徽省上周二被展览在一个 科技展上。“sci-tech