专题-1高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧备课讲稿.ppt

专题专题-1高考英高考英语阅读语阅读理解理解词义词义猜猜测题测题解解题题技巧技巧 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.The word“”refers to/probably means /could best be replaced by _.2.The word“”is most likely to mean _.3.What do you think the expression“”stands for?4.The underlined word“”means _.Lead-in(Lead-in(导入导入)1.Definition 定义法定义法3.Similarity 相似法相似法2.Contrast 对比法对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法因果法5.Example 例举法例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context 上下文上下文 It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.1.Definition 定义法：定义法：一般通过定义、定语一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。(adj.易碎的易碎的,脆的脆的)The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.(n.牧羊人牧羊人)信号词：信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as ,that is,that is to say,in other words,-(破折号破折号)等等.A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.蚊子沙漠Ex.1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.They are vertebrates,that is,animals have backbones.The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short.木匠动物学家脊椎动物青春期“Getting the cold shoulder”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted.The very words create a picture:You can imagine a friend turning away so that,instead of a warm greeting,you receive only his shoulder a“cold”shoulder.The expression“getting the cold shoulder”means _.A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to youB.greeting you friendlyC.greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D.feeding you cold meat2.2.Contrast 对比法：对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的信号词有表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,though however,otherwise,on the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another thing,instead of 等。等。Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.污秽的污秽的节约的节约的Ex.2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money,I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.混乱混乱 无辜的无辜的 天生的天生的 Most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.(v.不同意不同意)3.3.Similarity 相似法：利用同义相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。结构猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(adj.巨大的巨大的;极大的极大的)当被猜的词前后有信号词当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,asas,the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。义了。Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.圆胖的,4.Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。测结果，从结果推测原因。One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.(adj.贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的)(adj.大的大的)因果关系因果关系 信号词信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的混浊的5.Example 例举法：利用文中的举例例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有for instance,for example,such as:such,like,especially,include,consist of 等等 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances,for instance,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.(n.电器用具电器用具)Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽装置装置6.Word Formation 构词法构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超超)mini-(极小的极小的,微小的微小的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的）re-（再，反复）（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）（误，恶）im-（不）（不）un-（不，非）（不，非）in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非）-able（能（能的的）-less（不，无）（不，无）-wards(向向)superman microwave(超人超人)nonnatural mispronouce(非自然的非自然的)homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的无家可归的)rebuild eastwards(重建重建)Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向东向东)Today the sport is popular in Latin America,Asia and,unfortunately,in some parts of the United States-even though it is unlawful in almost every state.What does the word“unlawful”possibly mean?A.allowed by the lawC.against the lawB.in accordance with the lawD.having nothing to do with the lawPrefix(前缀）前缀）usualunusualhappy-unhappy Eg.Im going to buy a microbus.micro+bus 微型公共汽车微型公共汽车 vThis possibility was unforeseeable，because it almost never happened.un+foresee+able 不可预见的不可预见的7.7.Context 上下文：利用语境及前上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。后的提示来猜测词义。Tom saw an owl in a tree last nightAa bird Ban animal C.a star1）Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got nearAa bird Ban animal C.a starAAB(n.n.猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰)2）The children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The children are looking at a large,hairy ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of birdA AAC(n.猿猿)8.8.Common sense 普通常识：普通常识：根据普通常根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。识和生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。的能力自然就会增强。When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.麻药波纹膨胀冷缩 One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.症状症状易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖 Inquiry-based Activities(I)探究活动探究活动 (1)(1)1.同位法。同位语部分同位法。同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了给出了 castle 的确切词义，即的确切词义，即“城堡城堡”。They traveled a long way,at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.2.定义法。定语从句中定义法。定语从句中who looks after sheep 就表明就表明herdsman 的词义为的词义为牧人牧人。The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.3.3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明楚地表明night shift night shift 是是“夜班夜班”的意的意思。思。We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.1.Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.A.time B.competition C.perseverance2.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because he was using the wrong key.A.A.成功的成功的 B.B.徒劳的徒劳的C.C.有效的有效的D.D.匆促的匆促的3.Though Mr.Smith has been manager for just 3 months,he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A.上级上级 B.前任前任 C.同事同事 D.下级下级4.She didnt hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.A.心不在焉的心不在焉的 B.紧张的紧张的 C.全神贯注的全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite sedate.A.pretty B.calm C.protective D.energetic6.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.strong B.firm C.kind D.clever祝功成你!7.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.A.became sweeter B.became red C.became dry8.Just for fun,they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.A.direct B.indirect C.straight祝功成你!Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?-1.There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A.雪山雪山 B.树枝树枝 C.冰河冰河 D.冰冰 2.He is a resolute man.Once he made up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.weak B.firm C.kind D.clever 3.Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.租用租用 B.借出借出 C.购买购买 D.参观参观 CAB 4.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest 5.The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A.爱猫的爱猫的 B.古怪的古怪的 C.闲不住闲不住 D.动物保护主义者动物保护主义者 6.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.A.便士便士 B.温饱温饱 C.非常贫困非常贫困 D.虚弱虚弱 ABC Inquiry-based Activities(II)探究活动探究活动 (2)(2)A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are disgraced,he too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family,his lineage(宗系宗系),and his tribe.The word“disgrace”means _ in this text.A.honor B.endanger C.proud D.shame D The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished.A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院)opposed this decision,but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word“banished”mean_.A.killed by stoning B.sent away C.imprisoned D.punished by whipping B My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For$1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,with no food breaks.It was very tedious work,but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.What does the underlined word“tedious”probably mean?A.interesting B.tiresome C.relaxing D.challengingB After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager,I left the company at the height of my career.Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income.And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.The underlined word“astounded”means _.A.very sad B.very sorry C.very pleased D.greatly surprised D 同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。会理解错误。教师点评教师点评1.Definition 定义法定义法3.Similarity 相似法相似法2.Contrast 对比法对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法因果法5.Example 例举法例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context 上下文上下文 SummaryHomework:运用今天所学到的解题方法，运用今天所学到的解题方法，完成印发的猜测词义练习。完成印发的猜测词义练习。Any comment is welcome.Bye!此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢