英语五种基本句式6篇 五种基本句式英语例句.docx
英语五种基本句式6篇 五种基本句式英语例句下面是我共享的英语五种基本句式6篇 五种基本句式英语例句,以供参考。英语五种基本句式1一. 基本概念英语(English)属于印欧语系中日耳曼语族下的西日耳曼语支,由古代从欧洲大陆移民大不列颠岛的盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特部落的日耳曼人所说的语言演化而来,并通过英国的殖民活动传播到世界各地。二. 基本介绍1.英语(English)作为世界通用语言,是联合国的工作语言之一,也是事实上的国际沟通语言。2.由于在历史上曾和多种民族语言接触,它的词汇从一元变为多元。语法从“多曲折”变为“少曲折”,语音也发生了规律性的改变。依据以英语作为母语的人数计算,英语是世界上最广泛的语言。三. 主要特点1.英语拼法许多状况下与读音不相吻合多个字母或字母组合发同一个音,同一个字母组合可以发多个音。如字母A可以发多达八个音;TH组合发三个音如其中Thailand、Thyme、Thames等单词发不规则的/t/音。2.不发音的字母特殊多,如debt、ptarmigan、viscount、island、hour、indict等单词都有不发音的'字母。3.拼法完全混乱无规可循的单词也许多Czech、Cello、Cafe、One、mnemonic、maugham、Vaughan、chalet、debut等。4.英语的重音规则困难,非重读音节中的元音常常弱化变音。重音位置的改变有时会导致词性、词义的变更,比如名词 record (重音在第一个音节)和动词record(重音在其次个音节)。5.除了拼法不规则和重音不固定外,英语单词的读音还受语境的影响。比如,当逻辑重音不在can /kn/上时(比如I can go),can可读作 /k渂/ 。英语五种基本句式2基本句型 一此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。基本句型 二此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必需加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示状况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示改变。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。基本句型 三此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必需跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。基本句型 四此句型的'句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必需跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的干脆承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的干脆承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。英语五种基本句式31、基本句型一:主+谓= S+Vi (主不及物动词)主语:可以作主语的成分出名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态改变的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,2、基本句型二:S+ V系+ P(主系表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必需加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。表语也就是主语的补足语3、基本句型三:S+ Vt + O(主及物宾)此句型句子的.共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必需跟有一个宾语,动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。4、基本句型四:S+ Vt + IO + DO (主及物间宾直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(干脆宾语)。5、基本句型五:S+ Vt + O+ OC(主及物宾宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必需加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。英语五种基本句式4三 种 基 本 从句从句的共同特点从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子,充当什么成分就叫什么从句,如:充当宾语就叫宾语从句,充当定语成分就叫定语从句。从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点:从句是句子。从句的共同特点:1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前,谓语在后,如:He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前,因此是陈述语序,而Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语is之后,因此不是陈述语序。)1. 宾语从句宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.宾语从句的特点:宾语从句有自己的连接词宾语从句用陈述语序宾语从句的时态(1)宾语从句的连接词:宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特别疑问词。(2)宾语从句的语序:A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),如:I want to know if he can come tomorrowB. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面干脆加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him.(3)宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”A. 主现则从任:主句假如是一般现在时,则从句依据时间状语须要从八种时态中任选一种,如:1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)B. 主过则从过:主句假如是一般过去时,则从句依据时间状语须要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。如:He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理恒久用一般现在时。如:1.He says the moon goes around the earth.2. 状语从句(1)时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。时间状语的连接词:when(当时候) while(当时候) as(当时候) after(在以后) before(在以前) as soon as(一就) since(自从到现在) till /until(直到才) by the time(到为止)照旧是连接词后加陈述语序。举例:when当的时候(一般状况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(2)缘由状语从句:在一个句子中作缘由状语的句子。连接词:由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导。举例:I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.(3)条件状语从句:在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。连接词:if假如, unless (=if not) 除非。(让步)举例:If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(4)目的、结果状语从句目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子目的状语从句连接词so that, sothat , in order that 引导。结果状语从句连接词 sothat, suchthat, so much/manythat引导。举例:sothat 如此以至于The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited.(5)让步状语从句让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子连接词: though, although.,whetheror not举例:Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.3.no matter从句结构:“no matter +特别疑问词疑问词+陈述语序” 或“特别疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序”如:No matter what happened, he would not mind.留意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。3. 定语从句定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.定语从句的连接词:连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that连接副词:when、where、why英语五种基本句式5英语五个基本句式从英语的句子结构上说,除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外,在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式,一般地说,某些动词用在某一句式中,下面笔者把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,供你参考。1.S(主) + Vi(不及物动词)(谓)Time flies.1) S + V + adverbial(状语)Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语)He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)We stopped to have a rest.4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词)I'll go swimming.2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾)We like English.1) S + VT + N/PronI like music.I like her.2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式)I want to help him.常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。3) S + VT + Wh-Word + InfinitiveI don't know what to do.常用于这句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn,observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。4) S + VT + GerundI enjoy living here.常用于这句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss,practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。5) S + VT + That-clauseI don't think (that) he is right.常用于这句型的动词有:Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得), hear(听说), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(当心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see(看出),show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得惊奇)。3. S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表)We are Chinese.除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表转变改变的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表持续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,Hang等。1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词)He is a boy.This is mine.2) S + Lv + Adj(形容词)She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副词)Class is over.4) S + Lv + Prep PhraseHe is in good health.5) S + Lv + Participle(分词)He is excited.The film is interesting.4. S (主)+ VT (谓)+ In O(间接 宾) + D O(干脆 宾)I give you help.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NI sent him a book.I bought May a book.2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phraseHe sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.间接宾语前须要加to 的常用动词有:allow, bring, deny, do(带来), give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。间接宾语前须要加for 的常用动词有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),Save, sing, spare等。5. S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾) + O C(宾补)I make you clear.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NWe named our baby Tom.常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。2) S + VT + N/Pron + AdjHe painted the wall white.常用于这句型的动词有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn,Want, wash, wipe, wish等。3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep PhraseShe always keeps everything in good order.4) S + VT + N/Pron + InfinitiveI wish you to stay.I made him work常用于这句型的动词有:a)不定式带to的词:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage,expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request,Teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,notice, see, watch等。5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词)I heard my name called.I feel something moving.常用于这句型的动词有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice,observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + InfinitiveHe show me how to do it.常用于这句型的动词有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clauseHe told me that the film was great.常用于这句型的动词有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-ClauseHe asked me what he should do.常用于这句型的动词有:Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.英语五种基本句式6句型一:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语例如: I like English. ?我喜爱英语。She is cleaning her bedroom. ?她在打扫卧房。句型二:主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+干脆宾语例如:He asked me a question. ? ? 他问了我一个问题。My mother bought me a present. ? 我母亲给我买了一个礼物。句型三:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语例如:He was chose the chairman. ?他被选举为主席。We saw him singing in the classroom.我们望见他正在教室里唱歌。句型四:主语+谓语(不及物动词)例如:The bell rung. ? 铃声响过了。It rains. ? 下雨了。句型五:主语+系动词+表语例如:They feel tired. ? 他们感到疲惫。