英语：特殊句式-倒装句教程文件.ppt

英语：特殊句式-倒装句一、倒装句的概念一、倒装句的概念二、倒装句的类型二、倒装句的类型三、倒装结构的用法及注意点三、倒装结构的用法及注意点四、倒装句习题精选四、倒装句习题精选一、倒装句的概念一、倒装句的概念 在英语中，正常语序为主语在前，谓语在后。如果将谓在英语中，正常语序为主语在前，谓语在后。如果将谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面，这种语序就叫倒装。语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面，这种语序就叫倒装。e.g.e.g.：1.The children rushed out.1.The children rushed out.（正常语序）（正常语序）2.Out2.Out rushed the childrenrushed the children.（倒装语序）（倒装语序）3.Never3.Never shall Ishall I do the same thing do the same thing again.again.（倒装语序（倒装语序）二、倒装句的类型二、倒装句的类型e.g.(1)In came the boy.e.g.(1)In came the boy.(2)Away flew the bird.(2)Away flew the bird.注：注：1.1.完全倒装句中的主语一般是名词，而不是代词。完全倒装句中的主语一般是名词，而不是代词。2.2.完全倒装句通常只用一般现在时和一般过去时。完全倒装句通常只用一般现在时和一般过去时。e.g.(1)At the foot of the e.g.(1)At the foot of the mountain mountain lies lies a village.a village.（完全倒装）（完全倒装）(名词）名词）（一般现在时）（一般现在时）（2 2）Here Here youyou are.are.（不倒装）（不倒装）（代词）（代词）二、倒装句的类型二、倒装句的类型1.1.完全倒装完全倒装 完全倒装是指当某一特定的内容出现在句首时，将谓语完全倒装是指当某一特定的内容出现在句首时，将谓语动词直接提前放在主语之前构成的倒装句型。动词直接提前放在主语之前构成的倒装句型。e.g.e.g.（1 1）Only thenOnly then did wedid we realize thatrealize that the man was blind.the man was blind.(2)Little(2)Little did hedid he realize that werealize that we were in danger.were in danger.3.3.特殊倒装结构特殊倒装结构（详见后）（详见后）2.2.部分倒装部分倒装 部分倒装是指当某一特定内容出现在句首时，部分倒装是指当某一特定内容出现在句首时，不能将谓语动词直接提至主语前面，而须将谓语的不能将谓语动词直接提至主语前面，而须将谓语的一部分（如一部分（如助动词、连系动词助动词、连系动词bebe、情态动词、情态动词等）放等）放在主语前面。在主语前面。三、倒装结构的用法及注意点三、倒装结构的用法及注意点1 1、完全倒、完全倒装装 （1 1）一般疑问句句型（主系表结构）一般疑问句句型（主系表结构）e.g.Is Mary a teacher?e.g.Is Mary a teacher?(2)(2)特殊疑问句句型（主系表结构特殊疑问句句型（主系表结构)e.g.Who is that man?e.g.Who is that man?(3)There be (3)There be 句型（除句型（除bebe之外，能与之外，能与there there 连用的动词还有连用的动词还有 seem,exist,happen,appear,live,standseem,exist,happen,appear,live,stand等）等）e.g.There e.g.There areare 50 students in the class.50 students in the class.There There standsstands a tall tree in front of the house.a tall tree in front of the house.三、倒装结构的用法及注意点三、倒装结构的用法及注意点1 1、完全倒装（将主语和谓语完全交换位置）、完全倒装（将主语和谓语完全交换位置）（5 5）当副词）当副词here,there,up,down,out,off,here,there,up,down,out,off,back,in,now,then,away back,in,now,then,away等位于句首，等位于句首，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装。且主语为名词时，用完全倒装。e.g.e.g.Near the riverNear the river was a pine tree.was a pine tree.In the houseIn the house lives an old man.lives an old man.注：这个句型中谓语动词大多为注：这个句型中谓语动词大多为be,sit,be,sit,live,lie,stand,rise,go,come live,lie,stand,rise,go,come 等。等。e.g.There goes the bell.e.g.There goes the bell.Now comes the bus.Now comes the bus.（4 4）表示地点、方向等的介词短语位于句首，）表示地点、方向等的介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装且主语为名词时，用完全倒装(7)(7)表示感叹、祝愿的句子表示感叹、祝愿的句子e.g.Gone are the days when they could do what e.g.Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.they liked to the Chinese people.Present at the meeting were some scientists Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.from China.e.g.Isnt it interesting!e.g.Isnt it interesting!真有趣！真有趣！May you succeed!May you succeed!祝您成功！祝您成功！Long live the people!Long live the people!人民万岁！人民万岁！(6)(6)当句子中作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短，而主语相当句子中作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短，而主语相对比较长，为了保持句子平衡而将表语前置时，句子的主谓对比较长，为了保持句子平衡而将表语前置时，句子的主谓语也应完全倒装。语也应完全倒装。(8)(8)直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句用完直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句用完 全倒装全倒装(9)(9)为使上下文紧密衔接，可用完全倒装为使上下文紧密衔接，可用完全倒装e.g.“Youd better do it at once”,said his mother.e.g.“Youd better do it at once”,said his mother.注：注：这种用法中常用谓语动词为这种用法中常用谓语动词为say,think,ask,crysay,think,ask,cry等。等。e.g.We saw a house over there,in front of which e.g.We saw a house over there,in front of which stood an apple tree.stood an apple tree.我们看见那边有一所房子，我们看见那边有一所房子，房子前边有一棵苹果树。房子前边有一棵苹果树。2.2.部分倒装部分倒装(1)(1)一般疑问句句式（主谓宾结构一般疑问句句式（主谓宾结构)e.g.Did he tell you the news yesterday?e.g.Did he tell you the news yesterday?(2)(2)特殊疑问句句型（主谓宾结构特殊疑问句句型（主谓宾结构)e.g.Why cant I smoke here?e.g.Why cant I smoke here?(3)(3)否定词或半否定词否定词或半否定词,如如never,seldom,hardly,rarely,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,not,nor,neither,little,scarcely,not until,not,nor,neither,little,scarcely,not until,nowhere,not only,nothing,no sooner(than),nowhere,not only,nothing,no sooner(than),at no time,by no means,on no condition,at no time,by no means,on no condition,in no case in no case等位于句首时，用部分倒装。等位于句首时，用部分倒装。2.2.部分倒装（只将谓语动词的一部分，如助动词，连系动词部分倒装（只将谓语动词的一部分，如助动词，连系动词 be,be,情态动词等放在句首）情态动词等放在句首）e.g.e.g.Never Never have Ihave I seen such a performance.seen such a performance.LittleLittle does hedoes he realize the danger he is in.realize the danger he is in.Not onlyNot only will helpwill help be given to the people to be given to the people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for the people who need it.for the people who need it.不但会帮助人们找工作，还会为那些需要的人提供医疗。不但会帮助人们找工作，还会为那些需要的人提供医疗。注：注：1.Hardly(Scarcely)when,no sooner than,1.Hardly(Scarcely)when,no sooner than,not onlybut also not onlybut also等引导两个分句时，等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。e.g.Hardly e.g.Hardly had hehad he begun to speak when his father begun to speak when his father stopped him.stopped him.2.neithernor2.neithernor引导两个分句时，引导两个分句时，两个分句都要倒装。两个分句都要倒装。e.g.Neither e.g.Neither do Ido I know it,nor know it,nor does shedoes she.3.not until 3.not until 放在句首，如果放在句首，如果untiluntil后面跟的是一个从句，后面跟的是一个从句，从句不要用倒装，主句要用部分倒装。从句不要用倒装，主句要用部分倒装。e.g.Not until his father came backe.g.Not until his father came back did hedid he begin tobegin to to do his homework.to do his homework.e.g.Only in this waye.g.Only in this way can youcan you help her.help her.Only then Only then did wedid we realize that the man realize that the man was blind.was blind.注：注：1.1.当当only only 后面跟的状语是一个从句时，从句不倒装，后面跟的状语是一个从句时，从句不倒装，主句用部分倒装。主句用部分倒装。e.g.Only when you have grown upe.g.Only when you have grown up can youcan you understand understand your parents.your parents.2.only 2.only 放在句首，但不修饰状语时，用正常语序。放在句首，但不修饰状语时，用正常语序。e.g.Onlye.g.Only I I cancan go there.go there.(4)only(4)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语位于句首时，修饰副词、介词短语或状语位于句首时，用部分倒装用部分倒装 e.g.My room gets very cold at night.e.g.My room gets very cold at night.So So does mine.does mine.I dont like football.Neither I dont like football.Neither does hedoes he.注：如果句意表示肯定或附和注：如果句意表示肯定或附和“的确如此的确如此”时，句子不用倒装时，句子不用倒装e.g.Its hot.e.g.Its hot.So So it isit is.(.(的确如此的确如此)(5)so(5)so(也也),neither,nor(),neither,nor(也不也不)放在句首时，放在句首时，用部分倒装用部分倒装3.3.特殊倒装结构特殊倒装结构e.g.e.g.Terrible asTerrible as the storm was,we continued our way.the storm was,we continued our way.尽管暴风雪很大，但我们还是继续赶路。尽管暴风雪很大，但我们还是继续赶路。Child asChild as he was,he was able to stand on his own feet.he was,he was able to stand on his own feet.尽管他是个孩子，他已经能够独立地生活了。尽管他是个孩子，他已经能够独立地生活了。Try asTry as she might,Carolina couldnt get the door open.she might,Carolina couldnt get the door open.尽管卡罗琳娜尝试了，但还是打不开门。尽管卡罗琳娜尝试了，但还是打不开门。注：注：1.1.这种句型中，这种句型中，asas后面仍然跟陈述句语序，不用倒装。后面仍然跟陈述句语序，不用倒装。2.2.表语部分如有冠词，要将其省略。表语部分如有冠词，要将其省略。3.3.特殊倒装结构特殊倒装结构（1 1）as as（尽管）引导让步状语从句时，通常将句中（尽管）引导让步状语从句时，通常将句中状语、表语部分或动词提前，如果表语是名词，其前状语、表语部分或动词提前，如果表语是名词，其前不加冠词。不加冠词。e.g.If you e.g.If you hadhad come here,you would have met come here,you would have met the film star.the film star.Had youHad you come here,you would have met the film e here,you would have met the film star.你当时要是来这里的话，就能见到那位电影明星了。你当时要是来这里的话，就能见到那位电影明星了。If I If I werewere you,I would take up art.you,I would take up art.Were IWere I you,I would take up art.you,I would take up art.If Mary If Mary shouldshould call,please tell her that call,please tell her that Ill be back in an hour.Ill be back in an hour.Should MaryShould Mary call,please tell her that call,please tell her that Ill be back in an hour.Ill be back in an hour.(2)(2)在在ifif引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句的谓语动词引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句的谓语动词 部分含有部分含有were,had,shouldwere,had,should等，可以将这些词提等，可以将这些词提 至句首，并且至句首，并且ifif省略，从句构成特殊倒装结构。省略，从句构成特殊倒装结构。Thank you此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢