基础英语语法.ppt
基础英语语法基础英语语法英语语法框架词法句法名词、代词、数词、量词冠词动词形容词、副词介词简单句并列句主从句特殊句型一、名词1.专有名词2.普通名词名词分类:人名、地名、组织机构名称 之词法基础英语语法普通名词可数名词不可数名词练习:能够区分可数名词以及不可数名词物质名词:食物、液体、自然物质抽象名词:情感、概念、学科可数名词可数名词单数可数名词与冠词可数名词变复数合成名词变复数集合名词不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词与冠词不可数名词与量词、不定代词既是可数又是不可数名词,但意思不同名词所有格名词所有格1.在词尾加s用于有生命的名词后,比如myfatherscoat,thefoxstail,peopleschina,JoansandJanesrooms.用于时间、距离、价值等或者国家、城市等名词之后,比如todayspapers,tenminutesrest,3daysholiday,amileswalk,adollarsworthofstamps名词所有格所修饰的词省略的情况,比如thetailors(shop)服装店thebutchers肉店2.of结构用于无生命的名词,比如amapoftheworld名词在句子中的作用名词在句中的作用eg.igotaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Sheisagoodteacher.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Ihavejustreceivedtheletterfrommybrother,TOM.宾语主语表语主语介词宾语同位语具有名词性质的其他形式He is my best friend.Five plus one is six.Fishing is my favorite sport.To get to the top is my goal.what he says sounds right.区分可数与不可数名词A.bookB.milkC.riceD.bunE.soupF.waterG.teaH.hamburgerI.breadJ.moneyK.paperL.deskM.toyN.babyO.seasonP.eggQ.coffeeR.computerS.treeT.meatU.porkV.toothW.roomX.penY.beefZ.chair区分可数与不可数名词练习可数名词与冠词可数名词单数形式前面必须加冠词,定冠词或者不定冠词Lastweek,Iwenttothetheatre.Igotaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Thisisaprivateconversation.Thereareapen,abookandacomputeronthedesk.名词变复数1.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。2.凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。4.以-o结尾的名词,黑人和英雄喜欢吃土豆、西红柿和芒果6.以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves5.以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。7.以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。读音变化:尾音Es改读ai,其中kEs要改读为sai,gEs要改读为dVai。例:fungusfungi;abacusabaci;focusfoci;cactuscacti;cestuscesti8、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es。读音变化:尾音is改读i:z。例:axisaxes;basisbases;narisnares;hypothesishypotheses;restisrestes9.以-ix结尾的名词,通常将-ix改变为-ices,但有例外。读音变化:尾音iks改读isi:z。例:matrixmatrices;directrixdirectrices;calixcalices;appendixappendices反例:affixaffixes10.以-um结尾的名词,将-um改变为-a。读音变化:去掉鼻尾音。例:forumfora;stadiumstadia;aquariumaquaria;datumdata;vacuumvacua11.以-a结尾的名词,在该词末尾加上后辍-e。读音变化:尾音E改读i:。例:larvalarvae;formulaformulae;alaalae;mediamediae;hydrahydrae合成词变复数合成名词变复数1、合成名词的复数形式通常将主题名词变为复数形式,如:daughters-in-law;lookers-on;passers-by;hand-gunsfire-engines,editors-in-chiefrunners-upletter-boxes2.如果没有主体名词,则在最后一个词的后面加复数形式,如:grow-upsgo-betweensstand-bys集合名词第一类形单可单复family(家庭),team(队),class(班),audience(听众)形式为单数,但意义可以用为单数或复数Hisfamilyislarge.他的家是个大家庭。Hisfamilyareallwaitingforhim.他的一家人都在等他。Thisclassconsistsof45pupils.这个班由45个学生组成。ThisclassarereadingEnglishnow.这个班的学生在读英语。用法特点:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。第二类形单意义复cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察),sheep(羊)用法特点为:只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与a(n)连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。Peoplewilllaughatyou.人们会笑你的。Thepolicearelookingforhim.警察在找他。Manycattlewerekilledforthis.就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词head(单复数同形)。如:fiveheadofcattle5头牛,fifty(headof)cattle50头牛第三类形复意义复goods(货物),clothes(衣服)用法特点:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数)Clothesdryslowlyintherainyseason.衣服在雨季不易干。Suchclothesareveryexpensive.那样的衣服很贵Ifgoodsarenotwellmadeyoushouldcomplaintothemanufacturer.如果货物质量不好,则理应向制造商提出控诉。第四类形单意义单baggage/luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),furniture(家具),machinery(机器),poetry(诗),scenery(风景),jewelry(珠宝),equipment(设备)用法特点:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。Ourclothingprotectsusfromagainstthecold.我们的衣服可以御寒。Haveyoucheckedallyourbaggage?你所有的行李都托运了吗?Thethiefstoleallherjewelry.小偷把她所有的首饰都偷走了。Thehospitalhasnodecentequipment.这家医院没有像样的设备。TheTangDynastyisthoughtofasthehighsummerofChinesepoetry.人们认为唐朝是中国诗歌的全盛时期。注:machinery,poetry,jewelry,scenery等相应的个体可数名词是machine,poem,jewel,scene等。如:apoem/apieceofpoetry一首诗manymachines/muchmachinery/manypiecesofmachinery许多机器不可数名词的量不可数名词和量词以及不定代词1.不可数名词的量可以借助于量词来表达2.不定代词可以修饰不可数名词,如some,any,alittle,littleapieceofpaperapieceofnewsapieceofbreadaglass/cup/bottle/tinofabarofchocalate既可又不可且意义不同的名词既可作可数名词,又可做不可数名词,但意义不同可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词aroom一个房间room空间achicken一只小鸡chicken鸡肉aglass一个玻璃杯glass玻璃atime一次time时间aniron一个熨斗iron铁anair一种气质air空气还有一些词和名词性质相似,属于名词类的词,比如代词,数词,动名词,动词不定式和从句。二、代词分类人称代词物主代词指示代词不定代词主格宾格名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词反身代词疑问代词人称代词主格主格宾格宾格形容词性形容词性物主代词物主代词名词性物名词性物主代词主代词反身代词反身代词我Imemyminemyself你youyouyouryoursyourself他hehimhishishimself她sheherherhersherself它itititsitsitself我们weusouroursourselves你们youyouyouryoursyourselves他们theythemtheirtheirsthemselves不定代词不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的词some:someone,somebody,something,somewhereany:anyone,anybody,anything,anywhere.no:noone,nobody,nothing,nowhere.evey:everyone,everybody,everthing,everywehere.one:nonemany,much,afew,alittleall,both,either,neither,eachother,anothereg.therearethreestudentstalkingintheclassroom.Iknowallofthem.allstudentswerepresentatthemeeting.eg.BothofmysisterandIlikethesongverymuch.helikesbothhissons.all:三者或以上全都,既可做形容词又可做代词both:两者全都,既可做形容词又可做代词。eg.Theylikeneitherofthetwopaintings.neitherstudentgivestheanswer.Thereareshopsoneithersideofthestreet.youmaytakeeitherwithyou.neither:两者中任何一个都不,既可做形容词又可做代词either:两者中任何一个,既可做形容词又可做代词each:每一个,强调个体1.each既可做形容词又可做代词,而every只能做形容词。例如:eachstudenthasadictionary.eveystudenthasadictionary.eachofthestudentshasadictionary.everyofthestudentshasadictionary.故 each 有each of 的结构,而every 就没有,就是这个原因。every:每一个,强调整体形容词修饰复合不定代词eg.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面Thereisnothingwrongwiththeradio.这收音机没有毛病。Haveyouseenanyoneanybodyfamous?你见过名人吗不定代词与部分否定不定代词与部分否定不定代词all,both,every等与not连用时构成部分否定;若要表示完全否定,则需换用none,neither,noone等。比较:Allofthestudentslikethenovel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。Notallofthestudentslikethenovel.并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。Allofthestudentsdontlikethenovel.并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。Noneofthestudentslikethenovel.这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。数词 三、数词基数词1.基本数词:1-10,11-20,整十表达2.表示数字的词dozen一打,12个;dozensofeggs;sixdozeneggs6打鸡蛋score20个3.表示“几十年代”或者“几十岁”eg.inthethirties在30年代inhisthirties在他30多岁的时候4.在习语中,有时要用基数词的复数形式eg.bytwosandthrees三三两两intwotwos一眨眼序数词1.基本形式2.序数词前一般必须使用定冠词theeg.thefirstclass;thethirdday3.如果序数词前没有加the,而是使用了不定冠词a,an,则表示“又一”eg.wewillhavetodoitathirdtime.4.分数表达法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于1,分母则要用复数eg.1/6onesixth5/6fivesixths加、减、乘、除2+3=?Howmuchistwoplusthree?2+3=5TwoplusthreeisfiveTwoandthreeisequaltofiveTwoandthreemakesfiveTwoaddedtothreeequalsfiveIfweaddtwoto/andthree,wegetfive1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等词表示。106?Howmuchistenminussix?10-6=4TenminussixisfourTakesixfromtenandtheremainderisfour.Six(taken)fromtenisfour2.“减”用minus或takefrom表示3*4?Howmuchisthreetimesfour?3X4=12Threetimesfouris/aretwelveMultiplythreebyfour,wegettwelveThreemultipliedbyfourmakestwelve3.“乘”用time(动词)或multiply表示164=?Howmuchissixteendividedbyfour?1644SixteendividedbyfourisfourSixteendividedbyfourequals/gives/makesfour4.“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示冠词定冠词不定冠词不定冠词表泛指。如:Thereis abookonthetable.指人或事物的某一种类。如:Hisfatheris a driver.Longjingis awonderfultea.指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。如:MysisterwassavedbyaPLAmaninthefire.用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。如:Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.(我们一天吃三餐。)表示同样的。如:Theyareofanage.(他们是同岁。)表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。如:Thereis apenandtwobooksonthedesk.使抽象名词具体化。如:Thelittlegirlisahelptohermother.(ahand译帮手)不定冠词 固定搭配。如:A few,a little,a lot of,a bit,a couple of,all of a sudden(突然),as a matter of fact(实际上),in a hurry(匆忙的),in a word(简言之),have a good time(玩得愉快),do sb.a favour(帮忙),pay a visit to(访问),as a rule(惯例),as a whole(总之),in a day or two(一两天),in a way(在某种程度上),of a size(大小相同),have a word with sb.(与交谈),make a living(谋生),take a pride in(自豪),take a walk(break,bath,seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座),a great deal of(大量),be a pity(遗憾),have a cold(headache,fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧),many a(许多),catch a cold(感冒)定冠词 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如:I have bought a book.The book is very useful.用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如:Close the window,please.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun,the moon,the earth,the world等。用于表示方位的名词之前。如:the east,the right.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:the first,the tallest.用于形容词之前,使其名词化。如:the sick,the wounded.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如:the United States,the United Nation.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如:the Changjiang River,the East Lake.用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如:The Smiths 用于乐器的名词前。如:play the piano;play the violin.发明物。如:The compass was invented in China.年代名词前。如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.固定词组中。如:in the morning(afternoon,evening),on the other hand,at the same time零冠词表示总称的复数名词之前。如:Childrenlovecartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。)不含普通名词的专有名词前。如:WearestudyingEnglish.名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如:Ilikethis picture;Idonothaveany money;Astimewenton,Einsteins theoryprovedtobecorrect.季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。如:Shelikesspringmost.呼语前不用冠词。如:WhatshallIdonext,Mother?三餐饭前不用冠词。如:Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?节假日前不用冠词。如:PeoplegivegiftstoeachotheronChristmas Day.球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如:Sheisfondofplayingbasketball.在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如:arminarm(手挽手);handinhand(手牵手);sidebyside(肩对肩);dayandday(日日夜夜);youngandold(老老少少);fromdoortodoor(挨门挨户);frombeginningtoend(从头到尾);frommorningtillnight(从早到晚)等。用冠词与不用冠词的区别在有些短语中,有冠词与没有冠词意义差别很大,参考附件练习练习他和我都教英语。我是一个学生,我画了很多画。吃了一顿丰盛的饭后,他们就围着营火讲起了故事唱起了歌。如果你把汽车停错了地方,交通警察很快就会发现。我的姑姑是个演员。我不能付账单,因为我的包不见了。去年我去意大利,我参观了博物馆,还去了公园。形容词与副词形容词与副词Adjectives and adverbsAdjectives and adverbs形容词 adjectives功能Functon修饰名词tomodifynouns使语言表意更准确、更丰富、更生动、更有表现力tomakespeechesmoreaccurate,richer,morevividandmoreexpressive.传达了说话人或者作者的情感和态度。toconveytheemotionandattitudesofspeakersorwriters.Ihaveaseat.Ihaveaseat.Shanghaiisacity.Shanghaiisacity.Weliveinacountry.Weliveinacountry.Onaday,theantsbegandryingthegrain.Onaday,theantsbegandryingthegrain.Thegrasshoppersays,IkeptmyselfbusybysingingThegrasshoppersays,Ikeptmyselfbusybysingingdayandnight.dayandnight.goodgoodexamples:bustling bustling beautifulbeautifulcold frostycold frostyarrogantarrogant这些句子就变得苍白、没有生机,不能完全描绘出事物,不能准确表意,更不能表达作者的情感和态度,就想黑白电影一样少了色彩。分类只做定语形容词只做表语形容词既能做定语又能做表语形容词英语中绝大多数形容词既可做定语又可做表语英语中绝大多数形容词既可做定语又可做表语mostadjs.inEnglishcanactbothasattributesandpredicativesmostadjs.inEnglishcanactbothasattributesandpredicativestheclothesareveryold.theseoldclothesaremine.thenewlibraryiswideandbright.thewideandbrightlibraryisnew.只能作定语有些形容词表示事物的属性,只能作定语,有些形容词表示事物的属性,只能作定语,放在名词前面修饰名词放在名词前面修饰名词eg.表材料:golden,wooden表时间:daily,everyday,monthly,present,last,exsiting表相对关系:former,latter,outer,upper,lower表方位:indoor,outdoor,inside,outsideeg.:Thisisourdailywork.Theoutdoorcinemaisquitepopularnow.另外带有连字符的表示度量的复合形容词,只能作定语,如果要作表语,另外带有连字符的表示度量的复合形容词,只能作定语,如果要作表语,则应去掉连字符:则应去掉连字符:compoundadjectiveswithhyphens,expressingmeasurement,canonlybeattributes;compoundadjectiveswithhyphens,expressingmeasurement,canonlybeattributes;otherwise,hyphensshouldberemoved.otherwise,hyphensshouldberemoved.eg.:shehasafive-year-oldson.hersonisfiveyearsold.只能作表语表语形容词,只能跟在系动词后面作表语,不能放在名词前作定语表语形容词,只能跟在系动词后面作表语,不能放在名词前作定语最典型的就是以a-开头的形容词:afraid害怕的asleep睡着的alike相似的alive活着的alone单独的ashamed羞愧的awake醒着的aware意识到的eg.:thebabyisasleep.Iamafraidofdogs.通常还有一些表示健康和情绪的词也通常只作表语通常还有一些表示健康和情绪的词也通常只作表语eg.fine健康的ill生病的well身体健康的glad高兴的pleased高兴的sorry难过的upset沮丧的content满足的certain确信的sure确信的fond喜欢的ready准备好的在句子中的作用定语表语状语或者主语补足语定语单个形容词作定语通常前置单个形容词作定语通常前置eg.Thisisaprivateconversation.Yournephewisanicelittlegirl.Heisanhonestboy.Astrangemancamein.单个形容词修饰单个形容词修饰somethingsomething等复合不定代词的时候要后置;等复合不定代词的时候要后置;形容词短语作定语总是后置形容词短语作定语总是后置eg.Isthereanythinginterestinginthenewbook?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Heissomeonehumorous.Ilikesomethingcheaper.Doyouknowanybodyfamousinthefield?Doyouhavetheinstrumentsnecessaryfortheexperiment?Iknowanactorsuitablefortherole.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序:多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序:冠词、指示代词所有格序数词基数词特征尺寸年龄温度新旧形状颜色地区材料用途名词口诀:美小圆旧黄法国木书房eg.thereisabigroundconferencetableinthemeetingroom.表语形容词作表语,放在系动词后面:形容词作表语,放在系动词后面:eg.Shelookselegant.Thestoryisinspiring.HeisinterestedinwatchingTV.Sheappearsquiteold.宾语补足语Theyfindtheproblemdifficult.Aeroplanesareslowlydrivingmemad.Hisharshwordsmadeusangry.在特定的结构中做宾语补足语在特定的结构中做宾语补足语作状语eg.hearrivedhome,hungryandtired.hesatthereinthecorner,silent.hecameover,eagertohelp.这种形容词用作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。这类结构通常可用从句或并列句来改写:Hecameover,eagertohelp./Hecameoverand(he)waseagertohelp.他走过来,急于想帮忙。【注】以上形容词用作状语的情形,有人也称之为主语补足语,因为它们是补充说明主语的。the+adjthe+the+形容词形容词表示某一类型的人表示某一类型的人Hesetupaschoolforthedeafandthedumb.他创建了一所聋哑学校。Hestolefromtherichtogivetothepoor.他偷富人的东西去接济穷人。Thoseofuswhoaresighteddontunderstandtheproblemsoftheblind.我们这些有视力的人不理解盲人的困难。这类结构常见的有:therich富人thepoor穷人theblind盲人thesick病人theold老人theyoung年轻人thedumb哑巴thedeaf聋子thedead死者theweak弱者thestrong强者thewealthy富人thejobless失业者the+the+分词形容词分词形容词表示某一类型的人表示某一类型的人Timesarehardfortheunemployed.Timesarehardfortheunemployed.失业者的日子很难熬。失业者的日子很难熬。ManyofthewoundeddiedontheirwaytoManyofthewoundeddiedontheirwaytohospital.hospital.许多伤员死在去医院的途中了。许多伤员死在去医院的途中了。这类结构常见的有:thewounded伤员theinjured伤员thekilled被杀者theemployed被雇用者theunemployed失业者theaccused被告thelearned有学问的人theaged老年人themissing失踪的人theliving活着的人形容词短语1.be+形容词+aboutbeangryabout为生气beanxiousabout为忧虑becarefulabout当心becertainabout确信becuriousabout对好奇bedisappointedabout对感到失望beexcitedabout对感到兴奋begladabout对感到高兴behappyabout为感到高兴behopefulabout对抱有希望bemadabout对入迷benervousabout为感到不安beparticularabout对讲究besadabout为而难过beseriousabout对认真besureabout对有把握beworriedabout为担忧2.be+形容词+atbeangryat为生气bebadat不善于becleverat擅长于bedisappointedat对感到失望beexpertat在方面是内行begoodat善于bemadat对发怒bequickat在方面敏捷beskilfulat在方面熟练beslowat在方面迟钝3.be+形容词+forbeanxiousfor渴望bebadfor对有害,对不行beboundfor前往becelebratedfor以出名beconvenientfor对方便beeagerfor渴望befamousfor因闻名befitfor合适,适合begoodfor对有益(方便)begratefulfor感谢behungryfor渴望得到belatefor迟到benecessaryfor对有必要bereadyfor为准备好besorryfor因抱歉besuitablefor对合适(适宜)bethankfulfor因而感激bewell-knownfor以出名4.be+形容词+frombeabsentfrom缺席,不在bedifferentfrom与不同befarfrom离远,远远不befreefrom没有,免受besafefrom没有的危险betiredfrom因而疲劳5.be+形容词+inbeconcernedin与有关bedisappointedin对(某人)感到失望beengagedin从事于,忙于beexperiencedin在方面有经验beexpertin在方面是行家befortunatein在方面幸运behonestin在方面诚实beinterestedin对感兴趣belackingin缺乏berichin富于beskilfulin擅长于besuccessfulin在方面成功beweakin在方面不行6.be+形容词+ofbeafraidof害怕beashamedof为感到羞愧beawareof意识到,知道becapable能够,可以becarefulof小心,留心becertainof确信,对有把握befondof喜欢befreeof没有,摆脱befullof充满begladof为而高兴benervousof害怕beproudof为自豪beshortof缺乏beshyof不好意思besickof对厌倦besureof肯定,有把握betiredof对厌烦beworthyof值得,配得上7.be+形容词+tobeaccustomedto习惯于beblindto对视而不见becloseto靠近,接近becruelto对残酷,对无情bedevotedto献身于,专心于beequalto等于,能胜任befamiliarto为(某人)所熟悉beharmfulto对有危害beimportantto对重要beopento对开放,易受到beopposedto反对,不赞成beoppositeto在对面,和相反bepoliteto对有礼貌berelatedto与有关,与有亲戚关系berespectfulto尊敬berudeto对无礼besimilarto与相似betrueto忠实于,信守beusedto习惯于beusefulto对有用8.be+形容词+withbeangrywith对(某人)生气beboredwith对厌烦bebusywith忙于becarefulwith小心beconcernedwith关于,与有关becontentwith以为满足bedelightedwith对感到高兴bedisappointedwith对(某人)失望befamiliarwith熟悉,精通behonestwith对(某人)真诚beillwith患病bepatientwith对(某人)有耐心bepleasedwith对满意(高兴)bepopularwith受欢迎besatisfiedwith对满意bestrictwith对(某人)严格练习他们的睡袋温暖而舒适。我感到很沮丧。我弟弟从没出过国,所以他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。这是一包贵重的钻石。这个装满傻子的包裹是我的。他对所找到的东西感到很震惊。副词功能修饰动作修饰句子修饰形容词、副词、介词短语InotonlyspeakEnglishverycarefully,butveryclearlyaswell.Heansweredme,buthespokeneitherslowlynorclearly.theysleptsoundly.Itwasrainingheavily.分类方式副词程度副词频率副词时间副词地点副词连接副词疑问副词分类方式副词:表示动作的行为方式,多以-ly结尾,常放在句末:happilysadlyslowlyquicklybadlybravelynervouslyeg.wehavetoactquickly.Ilookatthemangrily.pleasespeakslowlyandclearly.对方式副词的提问通常用疑问副词howeg.Hereadtheletterslowly.Howdidhereadtheletter?频率副词频率副词表示动作发生的频率,常放在居中动作的前面,情态动词及be动词的后面,常用的频率副词有:always-frequently-usually-often-sometimes-rarely-seldom-nevereg.EmilyDickensonrarelyleftherroom.Sheisalwaysmakingfunofme.Henevergavemeanyhelp.如果要对频率副词提问,应用疑问副词howoften:eg.Herarelygoeshome.Howoftendoeshegohome?程度副词程度副词表示程度,主要修饰形容词和副词,常用于句中,常见的程度副词有,:hardly,nearly,