定语从句专章节.ppt

定语从句专章节 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望学习定语从句的关键是如何选择关联词学习定语从句的关键是如何选择关联词。关联词在句中关联词在句中作状语就应使用关系副词作状语就应使用关系副词.(where,when,why等。等。)否则使用关否则使用关系代词系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that等。等。)二、二、由由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句：(who作主语，作主语，whom作宾语，作宾语，whose用作定语，同时用作定语，同时whose还可以指还可以指物，相当于物，相当于ofwhich。)e.g.:Thisisthedoctorwhosavedthebabyslife.Heisthestudentwhomtheteacherpraisedatthemeeting.一、在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。一、在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。需要学习需要学习和掌握的和掌握的定语从句有以下三种：由关系代词或关系副词引导的定语从句。定语从句有以下三种：由关系代词或关系副词引导的定语从句。由介词由介词+which引导的定语从句。非限制性定语从句。引导的定语从句。非限制性定语从句。1.I know the girl whose mother died a year ago.2.Have you seen the notebook whose cover is black?三、由which引导的定语从句：(which在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾 语。)E.g.1.This is the store which opens all night.2.This is the pen which my brother bought for me.3.Is this the House in which Lu X un once lived?(or Is this the house which Lu X un once lived in?)4.This is the magazine which you are looking for.Notes:which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语时，在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般可置介词一般可置关系代词之前或放在从句原来的位置。但在含有介词关系代词之前或放在从句原来的位置。但在含有介词的动词固定短语中介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不的动词固定短语中介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不能放在能放在which之前，如例之前，如例4则不能改为则不能改为Thisisthemagazineforwhichyouarelooking.3.Helivesinaroomwhosewindowopenstothesouth.四由四由that引导的定语从句引导的定语从句,可以指可以指人或物，代替人或物，代替who,whom,which.1.在定语从句中在定语从句中that在从句中作主语、宾语，在从句中作主语、宾语，但不能放在介词后作介词宾语：但不能放在介词后作介词宾语：、E.g.:1.Thisisthephoto(that/which)ItookinBeijinglastyear.2.Thisistheman(that/who)livesnextdoor.3.Isthistheprofessorthatyoutalkedaboutyesterday?(about不能放在不能放在that前面。前面。)但下列情况只能用但下列情况只能用that。1.序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时用序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时用that。E.g.:1.ThisisoneofthebestnovelsthatIhaveeverread.2.ThefirstEnglishsongthatIlearnedwasABCsong.2.Allmuch,everything,nothing,something,anything作先作先行词时用行词时用that.(但先行词是但先行词是everybody,everyone时应时应用用who,one指人时也用指人时也用who。）。）E.g.:1.Everythingthatwesawattheexhibitiongreatlyinterestedus.2.Isthereanythingthatbelongstoyou?3.Allthatweneedismoretime.4.Nothingthattheparentsdodoesntinfluencetheirchildren.3.先行词为先行词为any、no、only、very等修饰时用等修饰时用that。E.g.:1.Thatistheonlywaythatwecanfindatpresent.2.Thisisthetwelfthletterthatshehasreceivedfromhim.3.Thisistheverymuseumthatwevisitedforthefirsttime.4.that可以用来引导限制性定语从句，当它在从句中作介宾时，可以用来引导限制性定语从句，当它在从句中作介宾时，介词应后移。介词应后移。E.g.:Thisisthegoodstudentthattheteacherstalkedaboutjustnow.5.先行词既指人又指物的并列名词时，用先行词既指人又指物的并列名词时，用that.E.g.:Mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofthethingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对先行词起限制作用，而非限制性定语从句是对概限制性定语从句对先行词起限制作用，而非限制性定语从句是对概念念清楚的先行词加以追加阐述或补充说明清楚的先行词加以追加阐述或补充说明1.非限制性定语从句一般用非限制性定语从句一般用which/who引导而不用引导而不用that或或what引导，引导，作宾语的关系代词不能省略，从句与主句用逗号分开作宾语的关系代词不能省略，从句与主句用逗号分开E.g.:1.YesterdayIsawyourbrother,whotoldmethegoodnewsofyourmothersrecoveryfromherillness.2.Iwenttoseetheirnewhouse,whichIlikedverymuch.3.Shehastwobrothers,whoarebothdoctors.4.LastSaturdaytheyreachedShanghai,whereameetingistobeheld.2.在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中as与与which可以在整个主句作为其先行词可以在整个主句作为其先行词指代上面或下面说的一件事，其区别如下：指代上面或下面说的一件事，其区别如下：1.a.从意义上来看从意义上来看which(=andthis/that)可以译为可以译为“这这/那那”as(=inaccordancewithwhat)译为译为“正如、象正如、象”。Heisateacher,which(=as)isclearfromhismanner或或Heisateacher,as(=which)canbeseenfromhismanner.Thestudentforgottobringhisdictionary,asisoftenthecase.（此句中（此句中as不能用不能用which代。）代。）2b.从从as,which在非限制性定语从句中的位置和作用来看在非限制性定语从句中的位置和作用来看as引导的从句可置于主句之前，亦可置于主句之后，引导的从句可置于主句之前，亦可置于主句之后，which一般置于主句之后。一般置于主句之后。E.g.:1.ThispoemiswrittenbyScott,asalmosteverybodyknows.or:Thispoem,whichalmosteverybodyknows,iswrittenbyScott.2.Oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth,aswehaveseen.or:Asiswell-knowntousall,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.但不可译为：但不可译为：Whichiswell-knowtousall,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.一一.用适当的关系代词或关系副词：用适当的关系代词或关系副词：1.YesterdayImetdoctorWang_toldmethegoodnewsofhissonspassingtheexamination.2.Thetwopupils_youtaughtthreeyeasagohavebecometeachers.3.HebegantoworkinBeijingintheyear_NewChinaisfounded.4.Idontknowthereason_shedidntagreetoourplan.5.Thisisasoldier_diedinthewarofResistanceWho,thatWho/that/whomwhenwhyWho/that6.Hetoldeverything_hehadseeninthetrafficaccident.7.ThiswasthebestmodeloftheTVset_thefactoryproducedlastyear.8.TheyhavevisitedtheMuseumofChineseHistory_Premierzhouslifeanddeedsarebeingshown.9.Alice,_dressisallred,looksverypretty.10.Thefirstthing_Iamgoingtodothiseveningistowriteareportabouttheexperiment.thatthatwherewhosethat