新概念英语第二册语法：非谓语动词表格详解.docx

非谓语动词表解 一、非谓语动词的各种形式。式体动词不定式动名词现在分词过去分词一般式to do doingdoing done一般被动式to be done being donebeing done 进行式to be doing 完成式to have donehaving donehaving done 完成被动式to have been done having been done having been done 说明：1. to do 表示“主动将来”， to be done表“被动将来”， to be doing 表示“主动进行”， to have done 表示“主动完成”， to have been done表示“被动完成”。 2. doing表示“主运进行”， being done 表示“被动进行”， having done 表示“主动完成” having been done表示“被动完成”。二、三种非谓语动词在句子中能作的成分。作用种类 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语不定式 动名词 分词 说明：1. 不定式具有动词，名词，形容词和副词的特征。 2. 动名词具有动词和名词的特征。 3. 分词具有形容词和副词的特征。三、动名词与现在分词能作句子成分。 动名词 现在分词1. 作主语 Smoking is bad for your health. Swimming is my favorite sport.1.作状语 Seeing the snake, she jumped and screamed. Having finished the work, I headed for my home.2. 作宾语 The bike needs repairing. Nothing can prevent us from loving our country.2. 作宾语补足I saw Mary doing her homework. Don't leave the water running when washing.3. 作表语 My hobby is collecting stamps. 3. 作表语 The film is exciting 4. 作定语 We can't drink the running water. The swimming pool will be completed soon. 4. 作定语 The swimming girl was tired but excited. The building being built now will be a museum.5. 各种形式 doing / having done / being done / having been done5. 各种形式 doing / having done / being done / having been done四、三个“done”都表“被动”,但时态不一样表被动 donebeing done to be done表时间过去(完成)进行（现在）将来说明：to be done 表示“将来被动”, being done 表示“进行被动”, done表示“完成被动” 例题：_ by Class 5 made all of us upset. A. Defeating B. Defeated C. Being defeated D. To be defeated 解析：缺主语，C是动名词的被动式，只表被动，不表进行。过去分词不能做主语。主动动名词v-ing不定式to do现在分词v-ing过去分词v-ed一般doingTo doDoing(不及物动词无被动) 同时发生done完成Having doneTo have doneHaving done先发生进行To be doing被动一般Being doneTo be doneBeing done正在被。完成Having been doneTo have been doneHaving been done已经被。进行功能主语，宾语，表语，定语主语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语主语 Seeing is believing.It is/was no use/good, not any use/good, of little use/good, useless doing sthTo see is to believe.不定式作主语时,多用it作形式主语。a) It isadj + ( for/of sb.)不定式b) It isn.不定式c) It takes (sb.) some time 不定式可与特殊疑问词连用How to deal with the problem hasnt been discussed.行为动作动词：v-ing: 主动，正在进行，未完成v-ed: 完成，被动心理行为动词v-ing: 使人产生该词义的心理状态v-ed: 指本人已有该词义所指的心理状态宾语1只用动名词做宾语的动词。1只用不定式做宾语的动词。2Forget, remember, regret, stop, try,mean,go on, cant help 等，都可用，意义不同3Love, like, prefer, 用不定式表具体行为，用动名词表经常性行为，长期习惯。4Allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sthsb to do sth5. need/ require/ want doing sth/ to be done/ sb to do6.be worth doing be worthy of being doneHe attended the meeting without being asked.She told me about her having been interviewed by the police.4feel, think, find, believe, consider, make用it作形式宾语。5与特殊疑问词连用(why除外) We dont know what to do.6少数介词如but, except等后面可跟不定式作宾语。We have no choice but to wait.宾语补足语感官动词see, watch主动，完成主动，正在进行被动，完成使役动词let /have/gethave /get sb do sth使做某事have sth/sb doing让持续的做get sb/sth doing使行动起来I cant get the car running/going.have/get sth done让别人做,使被have sth done 遭受不好的事I cant get the car started.Find, get, leave, keepLeave sb to do sth to be doneLeave sb doingLeave sth undone不及物动词的过去分词做宾语补足语表示完成和状态。I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.表语指抽象的内容。表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，后面可用不定式做表语，用以说明主语的内容wish,  idea,  task,  purpose, duty,  job My wish is to be a scientist.The result was disappointing.The answer is satisfying.现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征.I was shocked at the news.The door remained closed.定语a walking sticksleeping pills; operating room;drinking water ;cooking oil; 动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能1动词不定式做定语时放在被修饰词后，和被修饰词有三种关系:主谓、动宾和同位.2 修饰序数词，最高级He is the best to do the job.3. 抽象名词：ability,chance单个现在分词放被修饰词前，不定代词后，分词短语放被修饰词后, 主动，正在进行Boiling waterSomething excitingA boy wearing a red coat现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作被动，完成, Boiled waterSomeone frightenedA bridge built last yearA developed country状语1 目的状语: to do, in order to do , so as to do(不放在句首)2 程度状语：he is old enough to go to school.3 原因状语：形容词（glad, happy等）+ 不定式4 结果状语(意外结果)：he woke up only to find everyone gone.作结果状语常用于一些固定搭配中如:too to, enough. to，only to，never to，so + 形容词/副词 +as to, such+名词+as to do引导.1 条件状语: Given a chance, I can surprise the world.2 伴随状语 He came in, followed by a dog.3 原因状语: Hearing the news, he burst into tears.4 方式状语: 5 结果状语(自然发生): The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.6让步状语: Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 7 时间状语学科网（北京）股份有限公司