双语报高中英语 Unit 3 Understanding each other Grammar and usage课件 牛津选修6.ppt

Unit 3Understandingeach otherGrammar and usageObjectivesTo learn to identify an unreal conditional in a sentenceTo learn the forms of unreal conditionalsTo learn when to use the unreal conditionalsTo learn how to use the unreal conditionalsUnreal conditionals虚拟语气虚拟语气And you probably much sleep if you near where a wedding reception was being held.如果你住的地方离婚礼现场不远，你很如果你住的地方离婚礼现场不远，你很可能睡不好。可能睡不好。wouldnt getlivedUnreal conditionals虚拟语气虚拟语气 语气（语气（mood）也是动词的一种形）也是动词的一种形式变化。它表示说话者对所指的动词式变化。它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度，而且，在谓语动或状态所持的态度，而且，在谓语动词上有所体现，词上有所体现，语气可分为三种：陈语气可分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气。Introduction 虚拟语气虚拟语气(the Subjunctive Mood)是用来表示说话人所说的话不是事是用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是主观愿望、假使、建议、实，而是主观愿望、假使、建议、推测、纯粹的空想等。推测、纯粹的空想等。例例1：These doggies are sleeping very soundly.（陈述语气）（陈述语气）例例2 2：Stop laughing!（祈使语气）（祈使语气）If you keep beating me like this,I would tell your teacher.例例3：（虚拟语气）（虚拟语气）虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它一些从句中。虚拟语气用于条件句中一些从句中。虚拟语气用于条件句中的情况较复杂的情况较复杂,所以要特别加以注意。所以要特别加以注意。首先，要判断一下是否该用虚拟语气首先，要判断一下是否该用虚拟语气,因为条件句有两种因为条件句有两种,一种是真实条件一种是真实条件句句,一种是非真实条件句一种是非真实条件句,只有在非只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气真实条件句中才用虚拟语气,在真实在真实条件句中条件句中,要用陈述语气。要用陈述语气。If my aunt comes this afternoon,she will bring me some gifts.如果姨妈下午来，她会给我带礼物的。如果姨妈下午来，她会给我带礼物的。1.真实条件句真实条件句:If he were to leave today,he would get there by Friday.假如他今天离开，他周五将到那儿。假如他今天离开，他周五将到那儿。If I were you,I would go to look forhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。如果我是你，就会去找他。2.非真实条件句非真实条件句:如果条件句假设的情况完全不存如果条件句假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小在或者实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说甚至可以说几乎没有时几乎没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表就需要用虚拟语气来表达达,也就是说也就是说,此时的条件句是非真实此时的条件句是非真实条件句。条件句。非真实条件句的谓语动词形式：非真实条件句的谓语动词形式：与现在事实相反的条件句的结构：与现在事实相反的条件句的结构：条件句：过去时条件句：过去时（be动词用动词用were）主句：主句：would/could/might+动词原形动词原形If I were you,I should/would go at once.If I got the chance,I would want to be a lawyer.例如：例如：注意注意:在非正式表述或口语中，在非正式表述或口语中，if I/he/she/it之后之后,可用可用was代替代替were。两。两者在意义上没有区别，但是者在意义上没有区别，但是were更为更为正式，特别是在表述心存怀疑的事情正式，特别是在表述心存怀疑的事情时：时：If Lucy were ready,we would start.假如露西准备好了，我们就出发假如露西准备好了，我们就出发。与过去事实相反的条件句的结构：与过去事实相反的条件句的结构：If you had been there last night,nothing would have happened.If the boy had got up earlier,he would have caught the bus.条件句：过去完成时条件句：过去完成时 had done主句：主句：would/could/might+have done与将来事实相反的条件句的结构：与将来事实相反的条件句的结构：条件句：条件句：Ifwas/were/did主句：主句：would/could/might doIf it were sunny tomorrow,we would go camping.If I were free next Sunday,I would certainly go to your party.注意注意:在与将来事实可能相反的条件句在与将来事实可能相反的条件句中中,谓语动词还可用谓语动词还可用were to 或或should+do来表示来表示,如如:If I were to fail my driving test,I would have to take it again next month.If he should come tomorrow,I would talk to him about it.从从 if 从句的动从句的动词形态来看，使词形态来看，使用虚拟语气的条用虚拟语气的条件句在时态方面件句在时态方面比起真实条件句比起真实条件句中的时态要向后中的时态要向后退让一步。退让一步。要点领会：要点领会：比较比较 1：一般现在一般现在vs.一般过去（一般过去（be动词多采用动词多采用were的形式）的形式）If he is at home now,he is sure to be surfing the Internet.（真实条件句）（真实条件句）If he were at home now,he would be surfing the Internet.（虚拟条件句）虚拟条件句）比较比较 2：现在完成现在完成vs.过去完成过去完成If he has finished his homework now,he is sure to be surfing the Internet.（真实条件句）（真实条件句）If he had finished his homework now,he would be surfing the Internet.（虚拟条件句）（虚拟条件句）比较：比较：过去过去vs.过去完成过去完成If he bought the book yesterday,he had no money left for lunch.（真实条件句）（真实条件句）If he had bought the book yesterday,he would have had no money left for lunch.（虚拟条件句）（虚拟条件句）主句的谓语由具主句的谓语由具过去式形态的情态动过去式形态的情态动词如词如 would、could、should 等加上动词原等加上动词原形（对现在和将来的形（对现在和将来的虚拟）及完成形（对虚拟）及完成形（对过去的虚拟）构成过去的虚拟）构成。要点领会：要点领会：If they knew each other,they would be talking now.（现在）（现在）If they had got lost last night,they would have been caught by the storm.（过去）（过去）If they should lend us a hand,we would finish the task earlier.（将来）将来）PracticeRead the dialogue on page 40 and fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets.非真实条件句的省略与倒装：非真实条件句的省略与倒装：在非真实条件句中在非真实条件句中,如果有如果有were,had,should,我们可以将我们可以将if省略省略,把这些把这些词置于从句的句首词置于从句的句首,形成倒装形成倒装,如如:If I should meet her,I would tell her.=Should I meet her,I would tell her.If I were in your position,I would do it better.=Were I in your position,I would do it better.If they had made preparations,they would have succeeded.=Had they made preparations,they would have succeeded.如果虚拟条件句中没有如果虚拟条件句中没有were,had和和should则不能省略则不能省略if,当然也不当然也不能倒装。能倒装。注意注意：Practice 1.Were it not for the snowy weather,we _ all right now.A.would be B.would have been C.were D.may be 2.If he _ me tomorrow,I would let him know.A.should call B.should not have been able C.were not able D.are not able AA3._today,he would get there by Friday.A.Would he leave B.Was he leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves 4.If it _this afternoon,the English party would be ruined.A.rains B.rained C.will rain D.was rainingCB5.If you had rung us yesterday,we would_ you that the meeting had been put off.A.tell B.have told C.had told D.be tellingB混合虚拟条件句混合虚拟条件句 非真实条件句中非真实条件句中,有时主句谓语有时主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生动词所表示的动作并不同时发生,此此时谓语动词的形式要按照各自的时间时谓语动词的形式要按照各自的时间来调整来调整,而不完全按照上述规则来进而不完全按照上述规则来进行行,这样的句子叫混合虚拟条件句。这样的句子叫混合虚拟条件句。例如例如:If you had followed the teachers advice,then you would have no difficulty now.假如你听从了老师的劝告，那你现在就不会有假如你听从了老师的劝告，那你现在就不会有困难了。困难了。If I hadnt finished my homework by now,I would be working on it tomorrow.如果我到现在还没完成家庭作业如果我到现在还没完成家庭作业,那明天那明天我还得做。我还得做。If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday,he wouldnt have so many difficulties now.假如他昨天好好地准备功课的话，假如他昨天好好地准备功课的话，他他现在就不会有这么多的困难。现在就不会有这么多的困难。If it had rained last night(过去过去),),it would be very cold today(现在现在).).如果昨天下雨，今天就会很冷。如果昨天下雨，今天就会很冷。例如：例如：I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible,but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.-该句前半部分是假设虚拟，后半该句前半部分是假设虚拟，后半部分是事实的陈述。部分是事实的陈述。混合虚拟语气还有一种情况混合虚拟语气还有一种情况,就就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句。是事实和虚拟假设的混合句。注意：注意：Answers(P40)(1)attended (2)would/might be(3)went (4)would/might see(5)did (6)would/could be(7)travelled (8)would have to take(9)had started (10)would not have neededAnswers(P41)(1)had been (2)Had;got(3)Had;had/If;had had(4)Would;have beenReflection timeFill in the table.TenseIf-clausesMain clausesPresent PastFutureIfwas/were/didwould/should/could/might doIfhad/been/donewould/should/couldmight have doneIfwas/were/did/were to/should dowould/should/could/might do1._ fired,your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be B.Should you be C.Could you be D.Might you be2._ you have any questions,please contact our customer service hotline.A.Should B.Would C.Could D.MightI.Multiple choice.BA 3.Every time I go out,I will take lots of money _ something unexpected should happen.A.otherwise B.therefore C.however D.in caseD 4.Imagine what todays life would be like if Alexander Bell _the telephone more than 130 years ago.A.didnt invent B.wouldnt invent C.hadnt invented D.wouldnt have inventedC5.If some measures _to ensure the safety of the school,more students _ in the earthquake then.A.were taken;would survive B.had been taken;didnt survive C.had been taken;would have survived D.were taken;would surviveC6.If it were not for the fact that she _ sing,I would invite her to the party.A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not7._he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the game.A.If B.Since C.Though D.WhenCA 8.If she had worked harder,she _.A.would succeed B.would have succeeded C.had succeeded D.should succeed 9.If the company failed to make more money next month,it _close down.A.must B.have to C.would D.ought toBC20112011高考高考链接接1.I _through that bitter period 2.without your generous help.(陕西陕西)A.couldnt have gone B.didnt go C.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone2.They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.(全国全国)A.will B.can C.must D.should3.Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.(北京北京)A.werent B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been 4.Maybe if I _ science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help.(北京北京)A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.was studying1.要是你准备功课再仔细一点的话要是你准备功课再仔细一点的话,你就能你就能通过考试了。通过考试了。If you had prepared your lessons more carefully,you could have passed the exam.2.要是那场飓风发生在晚上的话要是那场飓风发生在晚上的话,将会有更将会有更多的人死亡。多的人死亡。If that hurricane had happened at night,there would have been more deaths.II:Translation.3.It is essential that _ _(每个人都为紧每个人都为紧 急情况做好准备急情况做好准备).4._ _(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票),we would have had quite a comfortable journey.5.I might have made the speech _ _(要不是有人把我的话要不是有人把我的话 打断了打断了).everyone(should)be prepared for emergencyIf he had booked tickets in the way I told him if I had not been interrupted1.You didnt let me drive.If we _(drive)in turn,you _(not get)so tired.2._ it _(not be)for your help,I couldnt have made any progress.had drivenwouldnt have gotHadnot beenQuiz III:Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms.3.Has Mr Smith recovered now?Yes.Who _ (think)that such a serious illness could be cured?4._ it _(rain)tomorrow,the match would be called off.would have thoughtWere/Shouldto rain/rain5.Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party.They said that it _ _(organize)better.6.Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ (get)a job,she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.could have been/should get/gotwere to getorganized7.Much labour would have been saved if electronic computer _(invent)before.8.Well done,Jack！Thanks.But given more time,I _ (do)it better.had been inventedcould/would/might have doneMagic LanternMagic BrushTime MachineDiscussion:What would you do if you had a?Homework1.Practise using what we have learnt in this period.2.Finish the exercises in the workbook.3.Preview Task.Thank you!Thank you!9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。2022/11/262022/11/26Saturday,November 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