江苏省南京市东山外国语国际学校高中英语 模块7 Unit13 Noun Clause & Metaphors课件 牛津.ppt

Noun ClausesNoun Clauses&MetaphorMetaphorUnit 13:Unit 13:2021/8/8 星期日1Looking AheadApproaching the TopicDiscovering GrammarApplying Grammar1Further Development5432Metaphors6Noun Clauses&Metaphor2021/8/8 星期日2Bob is sleeping during the class.Miss Zhang asks him to sand upBut you told me that speech is silver,and silence is gold.Bob,why do you keep silent?Please answer my question.What does Bobs words mean?Which part of the conversation contains the use of noun clauses and metaphor?But you told me that speech is silver,and silence is gold.2021/8/8 星期日3But you told me that speech is silver,and silence is gold.充当told的直接宾语，是一个宾语从句speechsilencegoldsilverMetaphor2021/8/8 星期日4What are we going to know?Learn to form and use noun clauses(名词性从句)correctly.Practice making sentences with noun clauses.Learn to use be-subjunctive(be型虚拟式)correctly.Learn to appreciate and use metaphors(隐喻)and similes(明喻)。Looking AheadLooking Ahead2021/8/8 星期日5 Fill in the blanks.Robert:We will graduate next month.Do you know?David:This is .But it is suggested by Jim .Robert:Doing what?David:Doing .Robert:By whom?David:By .What about you?Robert:I think .But I dont know .For I will fail their wish .Approaching the Approaching the TopicTopicStep 1ABHCGDFE1.若在空格中填名词，该填若在空格中填名词，该填哪种词性哪种词性(part of speech)?2.若填从句，该从句充当句若填从句，该从句充当句子什么成分子什么成分(e.g.主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语、同位语表语、同位语)？Conclusion：A noun clause(名词性从句名词性从句)can function as a noun does.2021/8/8 星期日6Step 2Skimming.Underline the noun clauses,and circle the connectives.Hints:Hints:The connectives can be:The connectives can be:whoever,whether,what,that,whateverwhoever,whether,what,that,whatever We will check the answers later2021/8/8 星期日7 The dining-room was very small.I have many such photos.The boy in black is my brother.He is Kobe Bryant,the famous NBA star.That is an apple tree.He came here last week.We elected him our monitor.Discovering Discovering GrammarGrammarStep 1Functions of noun clauses.1.Functions of noun.(subject)(object)(表语predicative)(同位语appositive)(定语attributive)(状语adverbial modifier)(补语complement)名名词词典典型型功功能能2021/8/8 星期日8subject:The kids idea was strange to their parents.subject clause:What the kids thought was strange to their parents.1.Noun Noun clause.predicative:That is my opinion.predicative clause:This is what I think.2021/8/8 星期日9appositive:His only defect,laziness,made it difficult for him to pass the exam.appositive clause:The fact that he was lazy made it difficult for him to pass the exam.object:The researcher interviewed many kids to find out their needs.object clause:The researchers interviewed many kids to find out what they need.2021/8/8 星期日10Practice:His suggestionHis suggestion was accepted.was accepted.What he suggestedWhat he suggested was accepted.was accepted.His demandHis demand is unreasonable.is unreasonable.What he demandsWhat he demands is unreasonable.is unreasonable.This is This is her proposalher proposal.This is This is what she has proposedwhat she has proposed.They told us They told us their requirementtheir requirement.They told us They told us what they requiredwhat they required.His rudenessHis rudeness annoyed some customers.annoyed some customers.The fact that he was rudeThe fact that he was rude annoyed annoyed some customers.some customers.2021/8/8 星期日11Subject clauses:Subject clauses:1)What happens in the first three years of a babys life affects his emotional development and learning abilities for the rest of his life.2)It is a well-known fact that talking to babies increases their language ability and that reading to them is the most important thing that parents can do to raise a good reader.3)It is known,however,that babies whose parents rarely talk to them or hold them can be damaged for life.Classify the noun clauses youve underlined2021/8/8 星期日12Classify the noun clauses youve underlined4)When children grow older,it is suggested that parents properly evaluate their childrens entertainment habits.5)So what scientists recommend is that a child under two not watch any TV at all.6)It is essential that the child have direct interactions with his parents for healthy brain growth.2021/8/8 星期日13Object clausesObject clauses:1)Research shows that a babys early experiences influence his brain development.2)Some parents even think that its important to play Mozart to babies and show them famous works of art.3)Some doctors are concerned that children who spend too much time in front of the TV dont get enough exercise.2021/8/8 星期日14Predicative clausesPredicative clauses:So what scientists recommend is that a child under two not watch any TV at all.Appositive clausesAppositive clauses:One study made the discovery that kids who hardly play or who arent touched very much develop brains 20 percent to 50 percent smaller than normal.2021/8/8 星期日15ExplanationA.A.In the subject clause,to balance the sentence,we usually use it as the formal subject,e.g.That talking to babies increases their language ability is a well-known fact.It is a well-known fact that talking to babies increases their language ability.2021/8/8 星期日16B.In the predicative clause,we often use such link verbs as:be,seem,remain,look e.g.That is why she had a day-off yesterday.C.A noun clause can be the complement of the sentence after such adjectives:sure,certain,glad,sorry,happy,afraid,hopeful,proud,concerned e.g.Some doctors are concerned that children who spend too much time in front of TV dont get enough exercise.2021/8/8 星期日17D.We usually use it as formal object in“verb+object+object complement”and“verb+indrect object+direct object”structures.动词+宾语+宾语补足语:We consider the book necessary.动词+宾语从句+宾语补足语:We consider that we study hard necessary.动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句:We consider it necessary that we study hard.2021/8/8 星期日18E.When a noun clause beginning with that functions as direct object,that is often omitted.Some parents even think(that)its important to play Mozart to babies and show them famous works of art.F.An appositive clause provides complementary or explanatory information to the noun in front of it.I dont believe the news that he has gone abroad.2021/8/8 星期日19A sentence with a noun clause can be seen as a combination of two sentences with one of them changed into a noun clause.Noun clauses can then be divided into three groups,depending on the sentence that is changed.These three also use different words to introduce them.Use that to introduce the clause if the sentence is originally a declarative one.that 不在从句中充当成分,本身没有词义。当该名词性从句充当及物动词的宾语时,that 可以省略。Step 2Step 2Formations of noun clausesFormations of noun clauses2021/8/8 星期日20Use whether/if to introduce the clause if it is originally a yes/no question.Note the change of the word order.从句语序要变为陈述语序。whether 和if 不可以省略。2021/8/8 星期日21If it is originally a wh-question,use it directly as the noun clause.Change the interrogative word order(疑问语序)into a declarative word order(陈述语序).2021/8/8 星期日22Combine the two sentences in each of the following groups,making one as a noun clause.Change the tense,person and word order accordingly.1)“Did you finish the job?”The teacher asked Linda this question.The teacher asked Linda whether she had finished the job.2)Weve just got a warning on the radio.A typhoon may come.Weve just got a warning on the radio that a typhoon might come.3)She has no idea.What did he do for her?She has no idea what he did for her.Challenge Challenge yourself yourself2021/8/8 星期日23Free conversationsTry to make sentences with the following phrases:I think that I am surprised that I want to know whether He asked why Did he tell you that2021/8/8 星期日24Step 3Step 3条件从句或wish 后的宾语从句中的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与将来事实相反与过去事实相反与现在事实可能相反Be-subjunctive in noun clausesBe-subjunctive in noun clauses1.动词过去式2.should+动词原形3.were to+动词原形should +动词原形wouldhad+过去分词should +have+过去分词wouldshould +动词原形would动词过去式(be 一般用were)ReviewReview2021/8/8 星期日25were 型虚拟式主要用在非真实条件句中或用于表达不可能实现的愿望,主要用于表示命令、请求和建议等。基本形式:should+动词原形(美国英语中should 经常省略)be 型虚拟式经常用在名词性从句中e.g.The monitor suggested that we not be late for class.(宾语从句)It was suggested that we not be late for class.(主语从句)The monitors suggestion was that we not be late for class.(表语从句)The monitor gave a suggestion that we not be late for class.(同位语从句)The monitor suggested that we not be late for class.(宾语从句)It was suggested that we not be late for class.(主语从句)The monitors suggestion was that we not be late for class.(表语从句)The monitor gave a suggestion that we not be late for class.(同位语从句)2021/8/8 星期日26be 型虚拟式在名词性从句中的用法A.A.当主句的谓语动词是像suggest 一样的表示命令、请求和建议等的带有重要性或紧急性的动词(i.e.advise,request,require,insist,order,demand,recommend)或相对应的名词(i.e.suggestion,advice,request)时,从句中的谓语动词用be 型虚拟式 The monitor suggested that we not be late for class.The monitor gave a suggestion that we not be late for class.advise:advise:They advise that a passport be carried with you at all times when you are abroad.My advice is that some form of medical insurance be provided by that company.2021/8/8 星期日27B.B.在advisable,important,essential,necessary,urgent,appropriate,desirable,vital 等形容词后面,由that 引导的名词性从句中谓语动词用be 型虚拟式e.g.It is essential that everyone(should)bear this in mind.注：it is absurd/amazing/funny/natural/pitiful/a pity/strange/surprising/ridiculous/regrettable结构中,that 后面通常用should+动词原形,且should 不能省略,通常表示遗憾、惋惜、惊奇等情绪。如:e.g.It is strange that she should keep away from us.2021/8/8 星期日28Use be-subjunctive forms of the indicated verbs in the noun clauses to complete the following sentences.1)The aggressive person insists that he be allowed(he/be/allow)to have his own way.3)For an aggressive person,it is essential that an argument be won(an argument/be/win).5)The aggressive person demands that you adopt(you/adopt)his viewpoint.7)An aggressive person is likely to order that something be done(something/be/do).2)The aggressive person requests that his way(should)be considered(his way/be/consider).4)For an assertive person,it is important that an argument be(an argument/be)fair.6)The assertive person insists that you give(you/give)consideration to his viewpoint.8)An assertive person is likely to suggest that a course of action be followed(a course of action/be/follow).Are You Aggressive or Assertive?Are You Aggressive or Assertive?2021/8/8 星期日29Applying GrammarKeys:1.1)It is suggested that he(should)come to the meeting.2)Im sure he will come and join us.3)I dont agree to the suggestion that we(should)have a picnic on Saturday.4)The reason why I didnt go to France is that I got a new job.5)The teacher asked me whether/if I had finished my work.6)Its not known when he will come to the meeting.2021/8/8 星期日30Tips:当主句和宾语从句的主语一样,宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转换而来并且谓语含有can,could 或should 时,该宾语从句可以缩略成“特殊疑问词+to 不定式”的结构。2.1)I dont know where I can buy a pen(where to buy a pen).2)I dont know whether I should take morning classes or evening classes(whether to take morning classes or evening classes).3)I dont know how I can use the computers in the library(how to use the computers in the library).4)I dont know who I should turn to for help(who to turn to for help).2021/8/8 星期日313.1)My father said he didnt believe in giving children a lot of toys.2)My mother said I could choose my own direction and make my own decisions.3)My grandfather said he was the youngest of the 7 children.4)My mother asked whether/if I wanted to go shopping with her the next day.5)My classmate asked me when I got home the day before.2021/8/8 星期日32Further DevelopmentThe police questioned came along this road.The police questioned they saw on the road.whoeverwhoeverwhomever whomever whoever 在从句中充当主语；whomever在从句中充当宾语。2021/8/8 星期日33whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,wherever,whenever 等词用法1.1.强调用法强调用法。2.2.让步用法让步用法,相当于相当于no matter+no matter+特殊疑问词。特殊疑问词。e.g.Whoever you are,I am not going to lend you the money.=No matter who you are,I am not going to lend you the money.3.“3.“双重身份双重身份”用法用法,即既充当主句的成分即既充当主句的成分,又充当从句的成分。又充当从句的成分。e.g.The police questioned whoever came along this road.(警察询问了任何一个走这条路的人。)在这句话中,whoever 既是主句谓语动词questioned 的宾语,又是从句的主语,其意义相当于anyone who。这时到底引导词该选用whoever 还是whomever,是由其在从句中充当什么成分来决定。who who 和和whoever whoever 在引导宾语从句时的区别在引导宾语从句时的区别:The police questioned who came along this road.(警察询问谁走过这条路。)who 引导的宾语从句是questioned 的内容,相当于一个直接宾语;whoever 引导的宾语从句是questioned 的对象,相当于一个间接宾语。2021/8/8 星期日34补充材料介词后面接that 引导的名词性从句时需注意:1.that 引导的名词性从句作介词宾语时常见于下列结构之中:in that(在于,因为),except that(除了,只是),save that(除了),but that(除了),besides that(除了)e.g.This plan is thought to be good in that it can promote production.这项方案的好处在于它能提高生产。We know nothing about her save that her surname is Jones.除了知道她姓琼斯外,我们对她全不了解。2021/8/8 星期日352.其余介词需加that 从句时,应在介词与that 从句之间加上it 或the fact 等词。e.g.He was ashamed of it that he made the mistake.His failure is due to the fact that he is still inexperienced.2021/8/8 星期日363.“be+形容词+介词”结构需加that 从句时,一般将介词省略掉。这类结构有:be aware of,be annoyed at,be fearful of,be convinced of,be satisfied with,be sorry for,be surprised at,be ashamed of 等。e.g.He was ashamed that he made the mistake.Are you aware that you are sitting on my bag?2021/8/8 星期日37高考链接1.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see .(2000 全国)A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is2.fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.(2000 上海春招)A.What B.That C.This D.Which3.Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(2001 上海)A.while B.that C.when D.asB BB BDD2021/8/8 星期日384.she couldnt understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(2002 上海)A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that5.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is I disagree.(2004 全国)A.why B.where C.what D.how6.A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago.(2004 天津)A.what B.which C.that D.whereAAB BAA2021/8/8 星期日397.What the doctor really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(2001 上海春招)A.when B.how C.whether D.why8.Would you tell me you want your tea,with sugar or milk?Sugar,please.(2004 福建达标)A.whether B.when C.what D.how9.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need .(2003 上海)A.that;to be improved B.which;to be improvedC.where;improving D.when;improvingC CDDAA2021/8/8 星期日4010.the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known.(2004 崇文4 月)A./B.Whenever C.What D.When11.sometimes keeps her awake at night Tom is getting more and more quiet at home.(2004 东北三校联考)A.That;which B.It;that C.Whether;what D.What;that12.What are you worrying about?you can return the book to me in time.(2003 江苏调研)A.If B.Whether C.When D.WhereDDB BB B2021/8/8 星期日4113.has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(2003 太原调研)A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever14.Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?Oh,thats .(2003 上海春招)A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited aboutC.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited15.The question came up at the meeting we had enough money for our research.(海淀5 月)A.that B.what C.which D.whetherDDAADD2021/8/8 星期日42MetaphorBut you told But you told me that me that speech is speech is silver,and sil