高考英语句型专题：动词句型分类总结讲义.docx

动词句型 概说13.1.1英语的基本句型1）语言是千变万化的，要掌握语言，必须掌握语言的核心。动词句型可说是语言的核心，是骨干。纲举则目张。因此要对应于有比较全面的了解，应当抓住英语动词句型（English Verb Patterns）.掌握好这些基本句型，就可为灵活运用语言打下基础。2）英语头五种基本句型：（1）主语+不及物动词Everybody smiled.(2)主语+及物动词+宾语：He knows everything.(3)主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语：I showed him my passport.(4)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语：What made you angry?13.1.2 动词、动词短语和成语动词1）担任谓语的可以是一个单一的动词：Who knows?2)也可以是一个动词短语（Verbal Phrase）:I have been reading(a novel).3)也可以是成语动词（Phrasal Verb）:Janes looking after the children.因此谈到动词时就有这三种可能。13.1.3 每个形式都可有多种表示法句子的成分常有多种表示法，例如宾语就可以有多种形式：1） 名词或代词：Love me, love my dog.2)数词：I want two.3)动名词：She loves window-shopping.4)不定式：I hope to see you again.5)复合结构：I wish you happy.6)从句：I suppose youre right.7)连词+不定式：Ill show you how to do it.其他成分如表语、宾语的补语也有多种形式，因此实际动词句型不知五个，而是四十多个。13.1.4 修饰语1）许多名词和代词常有不少修饰语，成为定语。可担任定语的有：a.数词：Five people were injured.b.代词：He must marry her, there is no other alternative.c.形容词（包括合成形容词）：Your nephew is a nice little boy.d.名词会名词所有格：He majors in computer science.e.介词短语：My love for you is deeper than the sea.f.不定式：There is no need to worry at all.g.分词和动名词：What are the issues facting the works today?h.副词：Is there anything on after supper？i. 从句：Ill do all I can to help you.2)动词也有修饰语。成为状语，也可以有许多成分担任：a.副词：Your sister dances beautifully.b.介词短语：A mother loves a baby from the bottom of her heart.c.不定式：I,m sorry to bother you with all this.d.单词：Romeo, believing that Juliet was dead, decided to kill himself.e.形容词：She gave him the overcoat, anxious to be of service.f.词组：He thought about it day and night.g.复合结构：The weather being so nice, we didnt want to stay indoors.h.从句：Ill find her wherever she may be.i.名词：She is feeling miles better today.正因为有这些修饰语，阴雨就变得丰富多彩。如果说动词句型是躯干，修饰语就是枝叶，基本句型是骨架，各类修饰语是血肉。这两者是相辅相成的，片面强调一方面对语言学习是不利的，在初学阶段掌握基本句型至关重要，脑中有一个全图，有明确的结构概念，添枝加叶就不难了。按这样的规律安排句子，句子就可以比较平稳的站起来，然后在充实血肉，就相对比较容易了。13.2 第一类句型-主语+不及物动词13.2.1主语+不及物动词（1）The sun is rising.We waited and waited.The blind do not see.May I go?Ill try.13.2.2主语+不及物动词+状语（2）Did you sleep well?She is studying hard at the university.She swims like a fish.The man then walked off.Her lecture lasted an hour.13.2.3 主语+不及物动词+副词（构成成语动词）（3）The economic crisis broke out first in the United State.How did the accident come about?The concert came off well.The baby is coming on well.The scheme fell through.13.2.4 主语+不及物动词（有被动意思）The door blew open.Cheese cuts easily.She photographs well.Silk stains easily.Her eyes filled with tears.The vegetables are cooking.13.3 第二类句型-主语+及物动词+宾语13.3.1主语+及物动词+名词（代词）（5）1）“主+谓+宾”可能是英语中最常见的句型，在多数情况下宾语有名词或代词表示：Do you know these people?He loved poem.Have you ordered your meal?Silence means consent.They found a cure for cancer.2)有些动词和名词构成一种习惯用语（I地欧盟），有特别的意思：Dont catch cold.This theory doesnt hold water.Make haste, or we shall be late.Shes always making a fuss.He always takes pains with his work.13.3.2 主语+及物动词+自身代词(6)1)大量动词可以用自身代词作宾语：I cant express myself in English.He reproached himself for his rudeness.He often contradicts.I can support myself.Dont deceive yourself.有些成语动词后也可跟自身代词：Look after yourself.2)“动词+自身代词”可构成固定词组：Dont overwork yourself.Help yourself to a beer.Dont strain yourself talking,dear.3)有些动词后可跟自身代词，也可以不跟：Go and wash yourself,Tom.I must wash before dinner.13.3.3主语+动词+同源宾语（7）有些动词为不及物动词，都可用一个与同源的名词构成宾语，这种宾语称为同源宾语（Cognate Object）:Alice laughed a scornful laugh.She closed her eyes and wished a wish.He said his say and then sat down.13.3.4 主语+成语动词+宾语成语动词大体上有下面六类;1) 及物动词+副词（8）：He handed in his resignation this morning.Cross out those two sentences.Overwork brought on insomnia.副词有时可放到宾语后面去：Im not putting my meaning across very well.Ill think it over.这类句子也可用于被动结构：The meeting has been put off.Another supermarket has been put up near our house.A guerilla warfare was carried on successfully there.2)不及物动词+介词（9）：We must abide by the rules of the game.They will not agree to that agreement.I dont object to the idea.He thought of his boyhood.个别这种动词也可用于被动结构：The boy was looked after by her little sister.2) 不及物动词+介词+名词（10）：Thus the first workersleague came into being.The treaty will come into force next month.Dont stand on ceremony.Dont fall into bad habits.在这类结构中虽然介词后有宾语，但整个成语却接近于一个不及物动词，后面没有句子宾语，为了方便列在这里，放在13.2.3节后也可以。4）不及物动词+副词+介词（11）：We shouldnt look down on this work.We must face up to our difficulties.He doesnt feel up to the job.5)及物动词+名词+介词（12）：Pay attention to your grammar.Ill take care of it.Weve touch with him.She always takes particular notice of me.He made no reference to Peter.这类成语动词也用语被动结构：Preparation are being made for the sports meet.No reference was made by anyone to the past.6)及物动词+自身代词+介词（13）：Finally he avenged himself on the enemy.She abandoned herself to despair.He devoted himself to helping the poor.They no longer troubled themselves about him.You must reconcile yourself to a life of hardship and poverty.13.3.5主语+及物动词+不定式（作宾语）1）有大量及物动词可以跟不定式作宾语（14）：Someone is asking to see you.I cant bear to see you like this.She hated to lose her temper.You must try to improve.关于这种结构可参阅12.1.4节。2）有些动词后可用连接副词（代词）和不定式一道构成宾语：（15）You must learn when to give advice and when to be silent.Ask him where to go.He forget which way to go.13.3.6 主语+及物动词+动名词（作宾语）（16）Would you mind waiting a few minutes?I prefer standing.She could not help feeling depressed.13.3.7 主语+及物动词+that引导的从句（作宾语）（17）1）有大量动词可以跟that引导的从句作宾语（that有时可以省略）：I guess well leave now.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.She never doubted that she was right.He claimed that he saw the accident.关于那些动词后可跟这种成分作宾语，可参阅第18.2.1节。2）在某些动词后，从句中谓语（在美国）用动词原型，在英国多用“should+动词原形”构成谓语（用动词原形的人也不少）：She insisted that I (should) present.They demanded that the right to vote(should) be given to every asult.The situation requires that I (should) be there.I order(commanded)that we (should) attack at once.注：有时可用先行词it作形式上的宾语，而把宾语移到句子后部去：I take it you have been out.I have it on my conscience that I offended you.13.3.8 主语+及物动词+连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句：1）有不少动词后面可跟连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句：I didnt know where they had gone.I dont care what they say.He just said how he looked at it.Can you tell which is which?2有些动词后可以跟由连词whether或if引导的从句：I wonder whether(if) you could give me some advice.Ill see whether I can find time to do it.Ill find out if shes interested in going.3) 有些宾语从句由关系代词型的what及whatever这类词引导（19）Ill tell you what I hear.Ill do what I can.Whatever he does, he does well.13.4 第三类句型-主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语13.4.1 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+名词（20）这类句型主要有三种：1） 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语：She gave me her telephone number.Please throw me the key.They never denied us assistance.Ill phone her the news.2)某些动词引起间接宾语可改为由for引导的短语：Ill make you some fresh tea.Please choose me a good one.That will save us a lot of trouble.3)有些动词后的间接宾语不能改为to或for引导的短语：She flung him a scornful look(a scornful look at him).She kissed her mother goodbye.I mean you no harm.They forgave him his crimes.13.4.2 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句1）这类句子中的从句多数由that引导（that有时省略）（21）：Tell him Im out.I promise you Ill never conceal anything any more.I have warned him that it is not allowed.2)也有些从句由连接副词（代词）或连词whether（if）引导（22）：I cant tell you how pleased I am to be here tonight.Write me how you got though.Please advise me whether (if) I ought to go with them.3)有时从句也可以由关系代词型的what或whatever引导（23）：Show me what you bought.Ill tell you what I read I read in todays paper.13.5 第四类句型主语+系动词+表语13.5.1 主语+系动词+形容词（24）这是最常见的句型之一，共有下面几种情况：1）有些系动词表示处于某种状态： “How are you?” “Im fine.” “你好吗？” “我挺好。” She felt a bit dizzy. Youre not looking very well. The dish smells good. The medicine tasted awful. The report sounds true. He seemed quite normal. She appeared calm.2）有些系动词表示状态的改变或证明如何： Gradually he became silent. When she saw this, she turned red. The weather is getting quite warm. The sea is growing calm. She went pale at the news. Things will come right in the end. When he saw this, his blood ran cold. He has fallen ill. His advice proved sound.3）有些系动词表示状态的继续： She remained comparatively calm. They stayed awake to see the eclipse. Jennie, alone, kept silent. His temper continued very uncertain. This law holds good.4）有些系动词后面可跟现在分词（a）或过去分词（b）（其中很多已变成形容词）：a. This food looks inviting. Those chocolates smell tempting. She remained standing for a good hour. She seemed lacking in enthusiasm.b. She always seems pleased, happy and contented. He felt troubled and distressed. She didnt look convinced.关于这种用法可参阅12.3.2节和12.4.2节。5）在个别不及物动词后也可跟一形容词做表语：The prisoner broke free.The morning dawned bright.Many talented people died young.I stand prepare to dispute it.He played dead.这类表语接近于一个状语。13.5.2 主语+系动词+名词（代词）（25）1）有许多系动词后面可跟名词（代词）作表语：That girl is my fiancée.His dream has at last become a reality.We can remain friends.He appeared a fool.He fall a victim to her charms.2)有少数其他动词后面也可跟名词做表语：He died a martyr at his post.I still stand your friend.They parted the best of friend.Dont act the fool.3)有些名词可做表语，意思接近于形容词：He was all attention(sweetness).She was all tears (smiles).He is skin and bones.All this is no use.I am not fool enough to believe that.What nationality is this man?13.5.3 主语+系动词+副词（26）1）动词be可跟许多副词做表语：Is Helen in?I have been out for a walk.She had been away for a long trip.When will you be back?2)还有少数其它系动词也可以这样用：I feel down today.Youd better keep away from that chap.I dont feel up with the long journey13.5.4主语+系动词+介词短语（27）1）大部分介词都可引导短语做表语：I want to consult you. Its about my boy.You know what you are after.I was at a loss what to say.She was beside herself with joy.To do this is quite beyond my power.Whom is that book by?She was for abandoning the project.This music is from one of Mozarts operas.These mobile phones are in great demand.I had only been inside their house once.She is like a narcissus trembling in the wind.Cork Street was near Bond Street.He was of an excitable temperature.She is off smoking.He is out of work at present.The workers were on strike.They had been through a lot of hardships.Have you ever been to Beijing?All the children were under seven.Anna was with child again now.The task is not within my powers.His face was without expression.2) 一些其他系动词也可跟这种表语：They remained in sad poverty.He seemed on the watch to control himself.Keep off the grass.He looked in splendid health.It has grown out of data.They run out of petrol.I wish I could get out of debt.3) 这类结构后可能还跟另一个介词短语：He is in charge of the trade union work.He is in command of the first division.These ballads are of special interest to us.His actions are not I keeping with his promises.We are always on the lookout for new business opportunities.The students are in favour of reform.This book may be of use to you.We were completely at a loss for an answer.He was on the point of leaving when the phone rang.We must get in touch with her.Soon he fell in love with her.He seemed out of touch with the outside world.13.5.5 主语+系动词+不定式（28）1) 有时可用不定式作表语：His plan is to keep the affair secret.Their aim was t modernize their agriculture.Your job is to make sure that the work is finished on time.My duty is to get you away, to save you.His purpose was to become a surgeon.Their goal was to eradicate malaria.The main objective of this policy is to reduce unemployment.My ambition is to become a pilot.My only wish is to do whats best for you.The problem was to find the right place quickly.My advice to you is to speak the truth.The only thing now is to take a taxi.2) 不定式有时需用被动形式：These books are to be read for pleasure.Surely she was to be trusted.This house is to be let.13.5.6 主语+系动词+动名词（29）1) 系动词be后面有时可跟动名词作表语：Her hobby is collecting stamps.His occupation was teaching.My job is repairing cars.Her main interest is playing tennis.My favorite sport is swimming.Our problem is not having sufficient fund.His weakness in not having enough confidence in himself.Their favourite pastime is playing chess.2) 有时这样和表语都是动名词： Buying such a white elephant is simply wasting money.Talking to him is talking to a wall.Doing that would be playing with fire.13.5.7 主语+系动词+从句1) 最常见的这类表语时that引导的从句（that有时省略）（30）Their first idea was that he had hidden it.My opinion is that the plan won't work.His view is that its better not to increase investments.The fact is, I never liked him.His only fault is that he lacks ambition.The reason for my lateness is that I missed my bus.The only trouble is the plan won't work.What surprised me was that he spoke English so well.2) 有些作表语的从句由连接代词（副词）引导（31）： The question is what you want to do.The problem is who can be put in charge of the job.What I want to know is how we can solve the fuel problem.Thats where we differ.Thats how I look at it.Thats why I came round.The coat is where you left it.April is when the lilacs bloom.3) 从句有的关系代词型的what引导（32）：Thats what I wish to do.Thats what I'm here for.Power is what they are after.Times arent what they were.13.5.8 主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语（33）1) 这种结构时非常多的，“be+形容词+介词”已成为习惯用语，相当于一个及物动词：She was afraid of (=feared) snakes.We are short of (=lack) funds.She is fond of this country.I was frightened of rats then.He was very conscious of his shortcomings.She was delighted with the boat.We are very pleased with our new house.I have always been interested in Chinese history.I'm rather proud of this place.I'm tired of living abroad.I was sick of lying in bed.She was disappointed with him(at the outcome of the talks).We were confident of his ability (in the future).He was worried about you.I'm ignorant of mathematics (what happened).He's well qualified for the job.I'm not equal to the position.I dont believe he is capable of winning it.I'm surprised (amazed) at his attitude.These plans are subject to their approval.2) 一些其他系动词也可用于这类结构：She looked astonished at the news.I've got (become) used to vegetarian diet (hard work).He feels confident of passing the examination.I've grown accustomed to traveling.They seem delighted with the result.Were running short of funds.She remained ignorant of what had happened.He proved quite equal to the task.Your exam results fell short of our expectations.13.5.9 主语+系动词+形容词+不定式（34）I'm glad to have the opportunity of talking to you.I was very sorry to hear that you were ill.I'm happy to meet you