高考英语复习 非谓语动词6精品课件.ppt

非谓语动词1 1性质性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外的一切除谓语以外的一切成分。成分。2021/8/11 星期三12 2形式形式 不定式不定式 相当于名词、形容词、副词。相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。补足语、状语。动名词动名词 相当于名词充当主语、表语、相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。定语、宾语。分词分词 相当于形容词、副词。作表语、相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。定语、宾语补足语、状语。2021/8/11 星期三2 3 3语态：语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。逻辑主语能发出该动作 （发）逻辑主语不能发出该动作 （收）不发不收用结构：动词不定式：用独立结构。动名词：用复合结构。分词：用独立主格结构2021/8/11 星期三3 不定式2021/8/11 星期三41 1不定式作主语不定式作主语：Warm up exercises Warm up exercises:1)change the following into the infinitive1)change the following into the infinitive 1._(die)for people is a glorious thing.1._(die)for people is a glorious thing.2._(talk)with him is a great pleasure.2._(talk)with him is a great pleasure.3._(help)others is our duty.3._(help)others is our duty.4._(see)is to believe.4._(see)is to believe.5._(sit)at the back of the classroom 5._(sit)at the back of the classroom made the students surprised.made the students surprised.2)change the sentences above into the ones2)change the sentences above into the ones using using“it”“it”as form subject as form subject.To dieTo talkTo helpTo seeTo sit2021/8/11 星期三53)A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。It is easy for the students to read.It will be a mistake for us to help you.2021/8/11 星期三6B:B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个 of of 引起的引起的短语，这些形容词是：短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughty etc.foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughty etc.Its Its kind kind ofof you to think so much of us.you to think so much of us.Its Its unwise unwise ofof him to leave home at once.him to leave home at once.It s It s wrong wrong of of him to speak bad behind others.him to speak bad behind others.Its Its wrong wrong ofof the south to break away from the the south to break away from the Union.Union.2021/8/11 星期三72 2不定式作表语不定式作表语 1.Her work is _(look)after the1.Her work is _(look)after the children.children.2.My aim is _(go)to TsingHua2.My aim is _(go)to TsingHua University.University.3.She seemed _(think)about the 3.She seemed _(think)about the problem.problem.4.They appeared _(agree)with 4.They appeared _(agree)with what we what we said.said.不定式作不定式作bebe动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，说明主动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，说明主语的内容。语的内容。to lookto goto thinkto agree2021/8/11 星期三83 3不定式作宾语：不定式作宾语：有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,hope,wish,expect;like,hate;start,begin;fail,help,offer,try,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,agree,plan,determine,prefer,intend,etc.2021/8/11 星期三91.They wanted _(get)on the bus,didnt they?2.He said he wished _(be)a professor.3.I agreed_(go)there with the doctor.4.My daughter preferred _(dance)when she was in her twenties.5.He had promised _(give)me a hand.to getto beto goto danceto give2021/8/11 星期三10如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词 it作 form object，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。think,find,feel,consider,make He found it important to study Russian.The computer makes it possible to calculate faster.2021/8/11 星期三11不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如：but,except等后才行，此时不定式可带 to 或不带 to。He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.We have no choice but to wait outside.They could do nothing but ask for help.2021/8/11 星期三12 4.4.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语 A)A)1.I didnt want my parents _(help)me.1.I didnt want my parents _(help)me.2.Wed prefer you _(take)the job 2.Wed prefer you _(take)the job instead of Zhang.instead of Zhang.3.My parents expect me _(go)to an ideal 3.My parents expect me _(go)to an ideal university.university.4.The doctor advised the patient _4.The doctor advised the patient _(take)two pills every four hours.(take)two pills every four hours.5.He determined me_(tell)5.He determined me_(tell)everything.everything.to helpto taketo goto taketo tell2021/8/11 星期三13 B)watch,hear,observe,feel,listen(to),notice,see,make,let,have(使),etc.+sb.+动词原形 +sth.+done +sbsth+doing Notice:1.get+sbsth+to do2.let+sth.+be done3.如果变成被动结构，就必须带to。2021/8/11 星期三141.We cant let this _(go)on.1.We cant let this _(go)on.2.I will not let my children _(treat)in that way.2.I will not let my children _(treat)in that way.3.John made him _(tell)everything.3.John made him _(tell)everything.4.The two boys were sorry indeed to see him 4.The two boys were sorry indeed to see him _(go)._(go).5.We felt the house _(shake)in the earthquake.5.We felt the house _(shake)in the earthquake.6.Do you like listening to other people _(talk)?6.Do you like listening to other people _(talk)?Have you ever heard him _(tell)a lie?Have you ever heard him _(tell)a lie?7.Who would you like to have_(go)with?7.Who would you like to have_(go)with?8.Who would you like to have _(play)the 8.Who would you like to have _(play)the game?game?9.What song did you hear _(sing)?9.What song did you hear _(sing)?10.We saw the house _(burn)to the ground 10.We saw the house _(burn)to the ground when we reached there.when we reached there.2021/8/11 星期三155.5.不定式作定语不定式作定语 Change the following into infinitives.Change the following into infinitives.1.He was the first person that came to the classroom 1.He was the first person that came to the classroom this morning.this morning.2.Do you have anything that you want to say?2.Do you have anything that you want to say?3.Here are some books that you can read.3.Here are some books that you can read.4.He thought out a plan _(punish)Tom.4.He thought out a plan _(punish)Tom.5.He is always the last _(come)to office.5.He is always the last _(come)to office.6.Please give me a knife _(cut)the apples 6.Please give me a knife _(cut)the apples withwith.作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。相应的介词。2021/8/11 星期三166.6.不定式作状语不定式作状语 状语的形式很多，有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等，但目的、结果要用不定式。目的状语还可用 in order to 或so as to来表示结果状语还可用 soas to,suchas to,enough to,tooto,only to等结构来表示2021/8/11 星期三17 A)Substitution:A)Substitution:He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town.He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town.He got up early_ _ _ catch the first bus.He got up early_ _ _ catch the first bus.We must work hard at English in order that we can contact foreigners We must work hard at English in order that we can contact foreigners freely.freely.We must work hard at English _ _ _ contact foreigners We must work hard at English _ _ _ contact foreigners freely.freely.He was so frightened that he could hardly say anything.He was so frightened that he could hardly say anything.He was_ frightened _say anything.He was_ frightened _say anything.He was _ brave _ _say anything.He was _ brave _ _say anything.He was so young that he could not go to school.He was so young that he could not go to school.He was _ young _ go to school.He was _ young _ go to school.He was not _ _ _ go to school.He was not _ _ _ go to school.2021/8/11 星期三18 B)1._(save)the badly sick lady,the doctor had an operation on her.2.He hurried to the station only _ (find)the train left.不定式在作表语/补语的形容词后面作状语，用主动形式表被动意思。This question is difficult _(answer).Do you think him easy_(work)with?We find this rule hard _(remember).2021/8/11 星期三19不定式中作结果状语的注意点：不定式中作结果状语的注意点：1）某些形容词在“tooto”结构中表示肯定，这类词是：anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willingShe was too surprised to see how angry her father was.2）在not,never,only,all,but的 “tooto”结构中，“too”的含义为“very”，不定式没有否定含义。Im only too glad to stay at home.Its never too old to learn.2021/8/11 星期三20不定式的时态与语态：不定式的时态与语态：1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。I saw him go out.I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。Im very glad to be working with you.3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Im sorry to have kept you waiting.The article is said to have been read by many people.2021/8/11 星期三21不定式作独立成分不定式作独立成分 To tell(you)the truth,he doesnt agree with you.To begin with,Beijing is a very beautiful city.2021/8/11 星期三22 不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,who,which,when,where,how,what when,where,how,what 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。表语，宾语等。He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is important.My question is when to start.2021/8/11 星期三23 动名词2021/8/11 星期三24动名词动名词1 1动名词作主语动名词作主语A)1._(die)for people is a glorious thing.2._(talk)with him is a great pleasure.3._(help)others is our duty.4._(see)is believing.5._(sit)at the back of the classroom made the students surprised.2021/8/11 星期三25 It作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列句型常用动名词：下列句型常用动名词：It is+no good(no use,fun,a waste of time)+doing如如：1.Its no use _(sit)here waiting.2.Is it any good _(tell)him the truth?3.It is great fun _(play)golf.2021/8/11 星期三26 不定式与动名词的区别：不定式与动名词的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：Its no good eating too much fat.Its no good for you to eat so much fat.2021/8/11 星期三27B)关于逻辑主语的问题 1._to the meeting surprised all of the boards.1._to the meeting surprised all of the boards.A.Mike coming B.Mike came A.Mike coming B.Mike came C.Mike comes D.Mikes comingC.Mike comes D.Mikes coming 2.Its no use _ that you didnt know the 2.Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules.rules.A.you pretend A.you pretend B.you pretending B.you pretending C.your pretending C.your pretending D.your pretendD.your pretend Change the following into the simple sentences.Change the following into the simple sentences.That Peter didnt attend the meeting That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off.made it put off.2021/8/11 星期三282动名词作表语 1.Her work is _(look)after the children.2.My aim is _(go)to TsingHua University.3.One of my bad habits is _(bite)nails（指甲）.动名词作表语与主语是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。2021/8/11 星期三29 3动名词作宾语动名词作宾语 mind,miss,excuse,enjoy,escape consider,admit(承认)，advise,appreciate=enjoy,avoid,finish,face,practise,suggest,stop,delay,imagine,include,keep,quit,resist,risk,understand,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,etc.以及介词后接动名词以及介词后接动名词doing2021/8/11 星期三301.He was in low spirits and even considered _1.He was in low spirits and even considered _(go)away.(go)away.2.Practise _(put)your hand to the ground.2.Practise _(put)your hand to the ground.3.I cant help _(have)the trip to Britain.3.I cant help _(have)the trip to Britain.4.Dont tell me you always escape _(fine)4.Dont tell me you always escape _(fine)because you have a fast sports car.because you have a fast sports car.5.Leave off _(bite)your nails!5.Leave off _(bite)your nails!6.He didnt feel like _(work),so he suggested _6.He didnt feel like _(work),so he suggested _(spend)the day in the garden.(spend)the day in the garden.7.You certainly mustnt miss _(see)the 7.You certainly mustnt miss _(see)the wonderful film.wonderful film.2021/8/11 星期三318.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.9.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.10.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.10.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.11.They all suggested _(give)more chances.11.They all suggested _(give)more chances.12.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a 12.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.whole night.13.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(13.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).flood).14.Women do mind _(smoke)by men.14.Women do mind _(smoke)by men.2021/8/11 星期三32动名词与不定式的不同含义：1)be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去 做某事 be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现 She was afraid _(wake)her husband up,for he had bad temper.She was afraid _(wake)her husband,for he was ill.2021/8/11 星期三33 2)forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事（已做）The light in the office is off.It was she who turned it off,but she herself forgot _(turn)it off.The light in the office is still on.She forgot _(turn)it off.2021/8/11 星期三343)remember to do sth.记着去做某事（未做）remember doing sth.记着做了某事（已做）Do you remember _(meet)me at a party last year?You must remember _(leave)tomorrow.2021/8/11 星期三35 4)stop to do sth.stop doing sth.5)regret to do sth.遗憾地说/告诉 regret doing sth.后悔做了 2021/8/11 星期三366)try to do sth.try doing sth.You must try _(do)it.Lets try _(do)the work in some other way.2021/8/11 星期三377)mean to do sth.mean doing sth.8)go on to do sth.go on doing sth.2021/8/11 星期三389)cant help doing sth.情不自禁，不禁 cant help(to)do sth.不能帮忙做 10）permit/allow/advise +doing sth.+sb.to do sth.11）start/begin/continue/like/love/hate +to do sth.+doing sth.2021/8/11 星期三3912）S.+want to do sth.S.+want sb.to do sth.S.+want sth.to be doneS.+want+doing/to be done13）S.+need+to do sth.S.+need+doing/to be done14）S.+require sb.to do sth.S.+require sth.to be doneS.+require+doing/to be done 15）S.+is worth+doing 动名词在句中是主动的形式，但含有被动动名词在句中是主动的形式，但含有被动的意思。的意思。2021/8/11 星期三40动名词复合结构的一般规则是：动名词复合结构的一般规则是：1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Toms(His)coming is what we have expected.She didnt mind Jack/Jacks(him/his)coming here.2021/8/11 星期三412.逻辑主语是无生命的名词：只用名词普通格。Is there any hope of our team winning the match?3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词 this,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone时，只有普通格。She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.2021/8/11 星期三42动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式We are interested in _(play)chess.Im sorry for not _(keep)my promise.但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。On hearing the bad news,she cried.Ill never forget seeing that film for the first time.2021/8/11 星期三432）动名词的语态 doing being donehaving done having been doneHe was afraid of _(leave)at home.The house showed no sign of _(damage).但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义The house requires/needs/wants repairing.The book is worth reading.2021/8/11 星期三44 分词2021/8/11 星期三45分分 词词 分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。分词可分为现在语、宾语补足语和状语。分词可分为现在分词、过去分词。分词、过去分词。一般式一般式 完成式完成式现在分词现在分词 doing having done(Ad.)being done(Att.)having been done过去分词过去分词 done2021/8/11 星期三461.分词与动名词作表语时的区别：分词与动名词作表语时的区别：1.Our plan is _(finish)the task before May.2.Toms job was _(guard)the factory.3.His lecture is _(interest),which made us _(interest).4.The situation is _(encourage).5.The library is _(close)now.6.If you are badly _(hurt),you shouldnt try to stand up.2021/8/11 星期三47 1.The news is encouraging.（表主语的性质，特征）The glass is broken.(表主语所在的状态）2.The glass is broken.The glass was broken by Tom.（被动语态）2021/8/11 星期三48 2.现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：分词与逻辑主语（即句子主语）关系来决定分词与逻辑主语（即句子主语）关系来决定分词的语态，主语能发出分词的动作分词的语态，主语能发出分词的动作,用主动用主动doing/having done，不能发出分词的动作，不能发出分词的动作,用被动用被动 done/having been done。作状语时，。作状语时，可表示时间，原因，结果，条件，方式，伴可表示时间，原因，结果，条件，方式，伴随状况。随状况。分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后doing，用，用一般式，如发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式一般式，如发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式having done。2021/8/11 星期三49注1：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。注2：表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。注3：有时，”with+名词（或代词宾格）+分词”的结构表示伴随状况。注4:当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词需有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。（见后）2021/8/11 星期三50A)A)1._(see)those picture,he couldnt help thinking 1._(see)those picture,he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.of those days in Yanan.2._(turn)round,Fanny found a bus driving up.2._(turn)round,Fanny found a bus driving up.3._(water)the vegetables,they began to pick up 3._(water)the vegetables,they began to pick up the apples.the apples.4._(finish)the work,he went back home on foot.4._(finish)the