高考英语语法系列复习 定语从句二 新课标 人教.ppt

定语从句二定语从句二语法知识语法知识2021/8/11 星期三1ENGLISH GRAMMAR:The Attributive Clause2021/8/11 星期三2 I.The Definition:*The Attributive Clause is a subordinate clause which describes or limit a noun or a pronoun in the principal clause.*Such a clause is usually introduced by a relative pronoun,a relative adjective or a relative adverb.*The noun or the pronoun modified by an attributive clause is called the Antecedent.II.The Uses of the Following Relative Pronouns/Relative Adjectives/Relative Adverbs:who,whom,that;which,that;whose;when,where,why2021/8/11 星期三3III.The Points:1.The Special Uses of“THAT”“WHO”“WHICH”:1).This is the best film(that)I have ever seen this year.(the first/any/no/all/only/very/little/much/anything/everything/nothing)e.g.His letters contain little that is interesting,but much that is dull.2).*All that can be done has been done./All that can be done must be done.*All who want to go to Guilin,sign your names here.(one who,anyone who,those who)2021/8/11 星期三43).*Who that has ever heard her sing does not admire her?*Who that you have ever heard sing sings better than Miss Drake?*Which of us that knows anything does not know this?*What that made her cry did you say?4).*He told me the interesting person and things that he had seen in Paris./The car and its driver that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.2021/8/11 星期三5 5).They lost their way,which delayed them a great deal.This dictionary is very useful to him,which he has realized.He often comes late to school,which makes the teacher angry.2.Prep.+which/whom:(SBII-A,p.29)*This is the house in which/where the workers live.This is the house the workers live in.*The person to whom I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.*Wu Dong,with whom I went to the concert,enjoyed it very much.2021/8/11 星期三6*The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.*Her bag,in which she put all her books,has not been found.*The stories about the Long March,of which this is one example,are well written.3.Compound Prep.+whom/which:*He used to live in a big house,in front of which grew many banana trees.2021/8/11 星期三7*That day I passed a factory,at the back of which there were some rice fields.*The soldier ran to the building,on the top of which flew a flag.*In the evening they arrived at a small hill,at the foot of which there was an old temple.*We came into a large room,in the middle of which stood a large table.2021/8/11 星期三8 4.n./pron./num.+prep.+which/whom:*It(The temple)was carved in the rock and had on the outside four large stone figures,each of which was 20 metres high.(SBI 23)(c.f.,and each of them was 20)*About 2,000 people,many of whom were Europeans,worked on the projects.*There are many rivers in China,the longest two of which are the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River.*The boys,the tallest of whom could not reach the shelf,went to look for something to stand on.2021/8/11 星期三9 *This dictionary,the few pages of which are missing,is of little use/value.*The workers,some of whom stayed for four years,came from different countries.5.The Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause:*The finger(that)I put into my mouth was not the one (that)I had dipped into the cup.2021/8/11 星期三10*All the books there,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.*His brother,who is eighteen years old,is a PLA man.His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.6.The Phenomenon of Separation:*He is the man who I think is the driver of the car.*He is the one of the five students who writes the best in the class.2021/8/11 星期三11*He lives in the third room from the east on the second floor,whose window faces(to the)south.*The days are gone when the Chinese people used the “foreign oil”./when the Chinese people got bullied.7.The Comparison Between the Noun Clause and the Emphasis Structure,(as well as between rel.adverb and rel.pronoun,etc):*Do you know the news that our team has won the game?Do you know the news that he brought here?*This is the room where the workers once lived.This is the room(which)the workers repaired last week.2021/8/11 星期三12*I still remember the day when we stayed together.I still remember the day(which)we spent together.*The reason why he was absent yesterday isnt known to us.The reason(that)he told us is unbelievable.*Is this the school_your father visited years ago?Is this the school_your father worked years ago?Is this school _your father visited years ago?Is this school _your father worked years ago?Was it in the school_your father worked years ago(that)where what/the onewherethat2021/8/11 星期三138.The Substitution of the S.P.:*This is the bridge which was built in 1980.This is the bridge_ in 1980.*This is the bridge which is being built now.This is the bridge _ now.*This is the bridge which will be built next month.This is the bridge_next month.*Do you know the girl who is standing under the tree?Do you know the girl_under the tree?*Do you know the woman who has a baby in her arms?Do you know the woman_a baby in her arms?built being built to be built standing with/carrying2021/8/11 星期三149.The Uses of“AS”:(especially used as a relative pronoun)a).*This room is as large as that one.(1.adv.2.conj.)Jia Sixie is considered as one of the greatest pioneers of farming in China as well as in the world.(prep.)(regard/see/view/take/consider/treat/think of/look on)*the same/such/so/as +as:(rel.pro.)I have the same opinion as you(have).Such film stars as you mentioned are very popular.This is such an important meeting as you should attend.This is so important a meeting as you should attend.Egypt is as old a country as China(is).Please come as often as(is)possible.He shows a readiness to work as hard as(is)necessary at any time.2021/8/11 星期三15b).*as you know/see/describe/mention/talk about/imagine/expect/find out/discuss/e.g.:As we know,paper was invented by the Chinese first.Paper,as we know,was invented by the Chinese first.Paper was invented by the Chinese first,as we know.As we had expected,the experiment failed.*as is known to all/seen/talked about/mentioned/said/expected/found out/described/e.g.:Grammar,as has been said before,is not a set of dead rules.As is known to all,Taiwan is part of China.Taiwan,as is known to all,is part of China.Taiwan is part of China,as is known to all.c.f.:It is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.2021/8/11 星期三16*as is often the case/as was usual with sb./as seems likely/as appears/as is evident,etc.e.g.:Things are not always as they appear.She always acts as seems best to her.He was late again this morning,as is often the case.As was usual with him,he went out for a walk after dinner.He is an American,as is evident from his accent.C.f.He was very angry,which proved his dissatisfaction.They lost their way,which delayed them a great deal.He can speak German,which I cannot.2021/8/11 星期三17 She is very patient towards her children,which her husband seldom is.(which=and this/that-5)10.“BUT”and“THAN”Can Be Used As a Relative Pronoun.e.g.*There is no one _ wishes peace.*There is no man _ would be surprised at the news.*He spends more money _he earns.*We were kept waiting longer _ was necessary.but but than than2021/8/11 星期三18 11.The Agreement of the Verb With Its Antecedent:*Anyone who_(want)to go _(be)allowed to go.*Those who _(cut)the trees down should be punished.*He who _(not reach)the Great Wall is not a true man.*He is one of the five students who_ (pronounce)the best in the class.*He is the one of the five students who_ (pronounce)the best in the class.wants is cut does not reach pronounce pronounces 2021/8/11 星期三19VI.Find the mistakes in the following sentences:1.Last autumn my sister went to the town where she was born there.2.Oct.1st,1949 was the day which the PRC was founded.3.The fan you want it is on the desk.4.He works in a middle school,in front of it there is a river.5.Ill never forget the days when we spent together.6.The reason why he told us was not believable.7.The reason why he was late yesterday was because there was a traffic jam on his way to school.2021/8/11 星期三20 8.Ill tell him all what you told me last week.9.Anyone who are against the plan may put up his hand.10.The young boy whom I thought should be made monitor of our class will speak at the meeting.11.Here is so big a stone that no one can lift.12.This is the second letter which Ive received from him so far.13.She has two daughters,both of them have become doctors.2021/8/11 星期三2114.He is the one of all the students who draw the best.15.There are many rivers in China,the longest two of them are the Changjiang and the Huanghe.16.Dont make the same mistakes which we made last time.17.China,which is known to everyone,is a developing country.2021/8/11 星期三2218.The monkey made a hole in the wall,in which it could see what was happening outside the room.19.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person whom she could turn for help.20.Many persons,three of which were Japanese,were killed in that accident.2021/8/11 星期三23VI.The Comparison Between the Five Important Sentence Patterns:1.Is this the farm _your uncle worked four years ago?2.Is this farm _your uncle visited four years ago?3.Is this the farm _your uncle visited four years ago?4.Is this farm _your uncle worked four years ago?5.Was it on the farm_your uncle worked four years ago?where what/the one(that)which/that (the one)where that2021/8/11 星期三24 I.Fill in the blanks with the proper words:1.The earthquake _shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3.The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.4.The house _ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5.Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6.People _ study the earthquakes think that there will be another one soon.which/that who/that(which/that)which/that(who/that)who/that2021/8/11 星期三25II.Join these pairs of sentences:1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.*The eggs(which/that)I bought yesterday were not fresh.2.The friend wasnt hungry.He came to supper last night.*The friend who/that came to supper last night wasnt hungry.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.*He prefers the cheese which/that come s from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.*The noodles(which/that)you cooked were delicious.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.*I dont like people who/that smoke a lot.6.The man sells vegetables.He lives next to us.*The man who/that lives next to us sells vegetables.2021/8/11 星期三26 7.I prefer dumplings.They have just been cooked.*I prefer dumplings which/that have just been cooked.8.Dont drink water.It has not been boiled.*Dont drink water which/that has not been boiled.9.The tomatoes were expensive.We ate them just now.*The tomatoes(which/that)we ate just now were expensive.10.The pancakes were made of corn.You had them for breakfast.*The pancakes(which/that)you had for breakfast were made of corn.11.Mr Smith isnt here.My daughter works in his factory.*Mr Smith,in whose factory my daughter works,isnt here.12.Do you know the boy.His drawing is awarded the first prize.Do you know the boy whose drawing is awarded the first prize.2021/8/11 星期三27III.Fill in the blanks with the proper words:1.The game _the young men competed were difficult.2.What is the name of the sport _ you go in a boat?3.This is the girl _pronunciation is the best in our class.4.Is there a shop _ we can buy this kind of dictionary?5.This is the lab _ we did the experiment last month.6.This is the lab _ we visited last month.7.Do you remember the day _Nanjing was liberated?8.Do you know the date _ Lincoln was born?9.What was the year _ the fighting broke out?10.What is the name of the state _ Lincoln was born?11.Do you know the reason_ he quarrelled with Tom?in which in which whosewhere/at whichwhere/in which(which/that)when/on which when when wherewhy/for which2021/8/11 星期三28IV.Join each pair of sentences:1.The days are gone.During those days we used“foreign oil”.*Gone are the days when we used“foreign oil”.2.The shop isnt far away.I bought the book there.*The shop where I bought the book isnt far away.3.The bridge was built in 1993.This photo was taken there.*The bridge where this photo was taken was built in 1993.4.The reason is that there are too many factories here.There is much pollution for the reason.*The reason why there is much pollution is that there are too many factories.5.The soldier ran to the building.On the top of it flew a flag.*The soldier ran to the building,on the top of which flew a flag.2021/8/11 星期三292021/8/11 星期三302021/8/11 星期三31